Equity and the Law of Trusts PDF

Equity and the Law of Trusts This page intentionally left blank  Equity and the Law of Trusts Twelfth Edition philip h pettit ma of the Middle Temple, Barrister Emeritus Professor of Equity, Universities of Bristol and Buckingham...

Equity and the Law of Trusts This page intentionally left blank  Equity and the Law of Trusts Twelfth Edition philip h pettit ma of the Middle Temple, Barrister Emeritus Professor of Equity, Universities of Bristol and Buckingham 1  3 Great Clarendon Street, Oxford, OX2 6DP, United Kingdom Oxford University Press is a department of the University of Oxford. It furthers the University’s objective of excellence in research, scholarship, and education by publishing worldwide. Oxford is a registered trade mark of Oxford University Press in the UK and in certain other countries © Oxford University Press 2012 The moral rights of the author have been asserted First edition published by Butterworths 1966 Ninth edition published 2001 Tenth edition published 2005 Eleventh edition published 2009 Impression: 1 All rights reserved. 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Enquiries concerning reproduction outside the scope of the above should be sent to the Rights Department, Oxford University Press, at the address above You must not circulate this work in any other form and you must impose this same condition on any acquirer Public sector information reproduced under Open Government Licence v1.0 (http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open-government-licence/ open-government-licence.htm) Crown copyright material reproduced with the permission of the Controller, HMSO (under the terms of the Click Use licence) British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data Data available Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data Library of Congress Control Number: 2012939875 ISBN 978–0–19–969495–2 Printed in Great Britain by Ashford Colour Press Ltd, Gosport, Hampshire Links to third party websites are provided by Oxford in good faith and for information only. Oxford disclaims any responsibility for the materials contained in any third party website referenced in this work.  Preface I began the preface to the previous edition by saying that the single major task in preparing that edition had been to make the considerable revisions necessary as a consequence of the provisions of the Charities Act 2006. Most of that Act has now been repealed by the Charities Act 2011 which repealed (as will be noted in the text) in whole or in part several other charity statutes. It has carried out a useful consolidation of the statutory law, but has made little change of substance. An addendum to the previous preface noted that the Perpetuities and Accumulations Bill had received a first reading in the House of Lords. It duly became an Act in 2009 and is referred to in the text where necessary. One way in which it amended the law was by pro- viding that for the future the perpetuity period was to be 125 years and no other period. Until the relevant provisions of the Equality Act 2010 came into force the position in re- lation to discrimination by charities was governed by the provisions of the Race Relations Act 1976 and the Sex Discrimination Act 1975. Both these Acts were repealed by the 2010 Act, which in general applies to charities, but there are some special provisions which apply only to them. One important provision of the 2010 Act in relation to trusts has not yet been brought into force, namely the abolition of the presumption of advancement: this is discussed in Chapter 9. The Trusts (Capital and Income) Bill, based on a Law Commission recommendation, received its first reading a few days before I was due to return the proofs. It is uncontrover- sial and likely to become law in its present form. I have therefore noted it in the text, also noting that some of its provisions have limited retrospective effect. The Law Commission Report which deals with illegality in trusts has not yet received a Government response. I have therefore merely noted its existence in the text, but have summarized its provisions in an appendix. Notable cases which called for significant rewriting of the relevant areas include Jones v Kernott (discussed p 193 et seq) where the Supreme Court put beyond all possibility of doubt the validity of the approach of the House of Lords in Stack v Dowden to the rights of the parties to the family home under a common intention constructive trust; Pitt v Holt (discussed p 488 et seq) where Lloyd LJ in effect overturned the so-called rule in Re Hastings-Bass which he himself had lucidly explained in Sieff v Fox when he had been sit- ting as a High Court judge and was bound by precedent. His statement of the law in that case, which he now held was not correct, had subsequently been applied in numerous cases; The Independent Schools Council v The Charity Commission for England and Wales (discussed p 283 et seq) where the Upper Tribunal gave detailed consideration to the re- quirement of public benefit in relation to the technical legal meaning of charity. Though the Tribunal said that they were dealing with the question in the context of a trust for the advancement of education, it is thought that much of what was said is of more general application; Sinclair Investments (UK) Ltd v Versailles Trade Finance Ltd (in administra- tive receivership) which reasserted the authority of Lister v Stubbs after the doubts as to its correctness raised by the Privy Council in A-G for Hong Kong v Reid; and Thorner v Major where their Lordships clarified the principles of proprietary estoppel and where Lord Walker dismissed the suggestion that had been made by some commentators that its vi Preface earlier decision in Yeoman’s Row Management Ltd v Cobbe had ‘severely curtailed, or even extinguished the doctrine’. Other new cases have, of course, been duly incorporated and appropriate amendments made. The opportunity has been taken to slightly enlarge the discussion of some topics— for example the need for certainty; the principles established in Milroy v Lord; the rule in Strong v Bird; the Quistclose trust; and sections 31 and 32 of the Trustee Act 1925, noting the relevant Law Commission recommendations; and to reduce the discussion of others— for example the administration of charities and the equitable rules of apportionment. The injunction has once again proved a lively area and there has been some rearrangement of the material and a new section on super-injunctions. It is forty-six years since I published the first edition of this book, and the time has come, as the phrase goes, for me to lay down my pen—or perhaps I should say, abandon my com- puter. I hope that all my readers will find this edition to be a helpful exposition of the law, and in particular, that it will assist my undergraduate readers in preparing for their exams, and will continue to be found of value by them in their future careers. I would like to thank all those in the OUP with whom I had contact for their helpfulness, at all stages, and in particular for their sympathetic response when I was unable to meet the original deadline for submission because of illness. The law is stated on the basis of material available to me on 24 May 2012. Philip H Pettit May 2012  Contents Preface v Table of Cases xv Table of Statutes lxxvii Tables of Secondary European and International Legislation xci Abbreviations xciii 1 History of the Court of Chancery and Introduction to Equity 1 1 History of the Court of Chancery 2 2 Jurisdiction of the Court of Chancery 5 3 Fusion of the administration of law and equity 8 4 Uses and trusts 12 5 Equitable interests and equities 20 6 The maxims of equity 25 7 Trusts and taxation 28 8 Trusts and the conflict of laws 29 2 The Trust Concept 30 1 Trust and bailment 31 2 Trust and contract 31 3 Trust and agency 32 4 Trusts and powers 33 5 Trusts and the administration of estates of deceased persons 39 6 Trust and restitution 43 3 The Essentials of a Trust 45 1 Capacity of settlor and beneficiaries 45 2 The three certainties 48 3 The beneficiary principle 59 4 Trusts for the benefit of unincorporated associations 63 4 Classification and Juristic Nature of Trusts 67 1 Classification 68 2 Discretionary and protective trusts 78 3 Nature of a trust 84 viii Contents 5 Formal Requirements of Express Trusts 87 1 Inter vivos transactions 87 2 The creation of trusts and the disposition of equitable interests by will 100 6 Completely and Incompletely Constituted Trusts 101 1 The perfect creation of a trust 102 2 The position of a volunteer 108 3 Trusts of a chose in action 113 4 Trusts of the benefit of a contract and volunteers 118 5 Trusts of future property 120 6 Exceptions to the maxim that ‘equity will not assist a volunteer’ 121 7 Secret Trusts and Mutual Wills 130 1 Fully secret and half-secret trusts 130 2 Mutual wills 138 8 Constructive Trusts 142 1 The rule in Keech v Sandford 142 2 Obligation to account as a constructive trustee for profits received by virtue of his position as trustee 144 3 Strangers to the trust 153 4 The vendor under a contract for the sale of land 168 5 Undertaking by purchaser 169 6 Executor de son tort 171 9 Resulting Trusts 172 1 Failure to dispose of the equitable interest 172 2 Transfer into and purchase in the name of another, and related cases 180 10 Common Intention Constructive Trusts; Proprietary Estoppel; Licences 193 1 Common intention constructive trust 193 2 Proprietary estoppel 206 3 The Pallant v Morgan equity 219 4 Licences 221 11 Unlawful Trusts 225 1 Trusts that offend against the rule against perpetuities 225  Contents ix 2 Trusts that offend against the rule against perpetual trusts 226 3 The effect of declaring a trust void as offending against the policy of the law 226 4 Trusts tending to prevent the carrying out of parental duties 228 5 Trusts designed or tending to induce a future separation of husband and wife 229 6 Trusts in restraint of marriage 230 7 Trusts that are not merely unlawful, but also fraudulent 232 8 Law Commission Report 320 236 12 Voidable Trusts 237 1 Transactions at an undervalue 237 2 Transactions defrauding creditors 240 3 Voluntary settlement of land followed by conveyance for valuable consideration 242 4 Provisions for protection of spouse or civil partner and family 242 5 Sham trusts 243 6 Illusory trusts 245 13 Charitable Trusts 248 1 Difference between charitable and non-charitable trusts 249 2 The legal meaning of ‘charity’ 258 3 Designated descriptions of charitable purposes 262 4 Recreational charities 278 5 Trusts that have been held not to be charitable 280 6 The Requirement of Public Benefit 283 7 Exceptions to the Requirement of Public Benefit 292 14 The Administration of Charities 295 1 Scope of the regulatory provisions of the Charities Act 2011 296 2 Legal framework of charity 297 3 Charity trustees and other persons and bodies responsible for the running of charities 299 4 Persons and bodies responsible for the regulation and control of charities 307 5 Registration of charities 324 6 Charity accounts, audit, annual reports, and annual returns 327 7 Schemes 330 x Contents 8 The cy-près doctrine 334 9 Statutory powers of unincorporated charities 347 10 Merger of charities 350 11 Discrimination 351 12 Dispositions of charity land 352 13 Control of fund-raising for charitable institutions 354 15 Trustees 358 1 Appointment of trustees 358 2 Vesting of the trust property 379 3 Termination of trusteeship 381 4 Special kinds of trustee 388 16 Duties of Trustees 396 1 Duties on the acceptance of the trust 398 2 Statutory ‘duty of care’ 400 3 Duty of trustees to act unanimously 401 4 Duties in relation to information, accounts, and audit 403 5 Duty of trustees to hand over the trust funds to the right persons 406 6 Duties where beneficiary is solely and beneficially entitled 410 7 Rights and liabilities in relation to strangers to the trust 413 17 The Investment of Trust Funds 415 1 Non-financial considerations 416 2 Express power of investment 418 3 The statutory power under the Trustee Act 2000 420 4 Acquisition of land 424 5 Trustees holding a controlling interest in a company 425 6 Settled land and land held upon a trust of land 426 7 Personal representatives 426 8 Alteration of power of investment 427 9 Claims by beneficiaries in relation to the investment of trust funds 427 10 Occupational pension schemes established under a trust 428 18 Evenhandedness as Between the Beneficiaries 429 1 The rules of apportionment 429  Contents xi 2 Classification of corporate receipts 433 3 Allocation of expenditure 434 4 Conflict of interests of beneficiaries under separate trusts 435 19 The Fiduciary Nature of Trusteeship 436 1 Trustee as fiduciary 436 2 Duty to act without remuneration 437 3 Disabilities of trustee relating to purchase of trust property or equitable interest 442 20 Appointment of Agents, Nominees, and Custodians—Delegation of Trusts 447 1 The equitable rules as to delegation 447 2 Part IV of the Trustee Act 2000 448 3 Delegation by power of attorney under s 25 of the Trustee Act 1925, as substituted by s 5(1) of the Trustee Delegation Act 1999 453 4 Delegation under the Trusts of Land and Appointment of Trustees Act 1996 455 5 Delegation under s 1 of the Trustee Delegation Act 1999 456 6 Attorney acting for a trustee and the ‘two-trustee’ rule 457 21 Powers of Trustees 458 1 Power of sale 458 2 Power to give receipts 460 3 Power to insure 460 4 Power to compound liabilities 462 5 Powers in relation to reversionary interests 464 6 Power of maintenance of minors 464 7 Power of advancement 470 8 Right to reimbursement for costs and expenses 475 9 Trustees of land 481 10 Applications to the court 482 11 Control of trustee’s powers 485 22 Variation of Trusts 492 1 Exceptions under the inherent jurisdiction 492 2 Statutory exceptions to duty not to deviate from the terms of the trust 494 3 The Variation of Trusts Act 1958 499 xii Contents 23 Breach of Trust 508 1 Personal liability of trustees to beneficiaries 508 2 Liability of trustees inter se 518 3 Defences of a trustee to proceedings for breach of trust 519 4 Criminal liability of trustees 534 24 Following and Tracing 535 1 Following and tracing at common law 537 2 Tracing in equity 540 3 The claims in personam 549 25 Injunctions I—Nature; Damages in Lieu; Enforcement 552 1 Meaning and nature of an injunction 552 2 Classification of injunctions 557 3 Damages in lieu of an injunction 564 4 Enforcement of an injunction 572 26 Injunctions II—Principles Governing Grant of Injunctions 578 1 Interim injunctions 578 2 Perpetual injunctions 593 3 Particular factors which may defeat a claim for an injunction 596 27 Injunctions III—Injunctions in Particular Types of Case 603 1 To restrain a breach of contract 603 2 To restrain legal proceedings 610 3 To protect membership of clubs, trade unions, and other unincorporated bodies 611 4 To restrain the commission or repetition of a tort 612 5 To protect copyright, patent rights, and trade marks 613 6 To restrain a breach of confidence 613 7 To protect public rights 620 8 To restrain a breach of trust 623 9 In matrimonial and other family matters 624 10 In Company matters 624 11 Freezing injunctions and search orders 625  Contents xiii 28 Specific Performance 649 1 Nature of the remedy of specific performance 649 2 Grounds on which specific performance may be refused 653 3 Defences to an action for specific performance 667 29 Other Equitable Remedies 676 1 The appointment of a receiver, or receiver and manager 676 2 Account 688 3 Rescission 690 4 Rectification of documents 701 5 Delivery up and cancellation of documents 711 6 Ne exeat regno 712 7 Setting aside a judgment obtained by fraud 713 8 Setting aside a deed for mistake 714 Appendix 717 Glossary 720 Index 723 This page intentionally left blank  Table of Cases A Abrahams’ Will Trusts, Re, Caplan v Abrahams 3 Style Ltd v Goss (1990), CA... 639 (1969)... 473 4 ENG Ltd v Harper (2009)... 240 Abram Steamship Co Ltd v Westville Shipping Co Ltd (1923)... 691 A v A (2007)... 244, 245 Achilli v Tovell (1927)... 605 A v B (a company) (2002)... 618 Acrow (Automation) Ltd v Rex Chainbelt Inc A v C (1980)... 627, 637 (1971), CA... 575, 612 A v C (No 2) (1981)... 633 Acton v Woodgate (1833)... 245 A Bank v A Bank Ltd (Serious Fraud Office, Adam v Newbigging. See Newbigging v Adam Interested Party) (2000)... 167 Adam & Co International Trustees Ltd v AEG Unit Trust (Managers) Ltd’s Deed, Re, Theodore Goddard (2000)... 361, 384 Midland Bank Executor and Trustee Co Ltd v AEG Unit Trust (Managers) Ltd Adam Phones Ltd v Goldschmidt (1999)... 574 (1957)... 411 Adams and Kensington Vestry, Re AITC Foundation, Re (2005)... 262 (1884),CA... 50 ALG Inc v Uganda Airlines Corpn Adams’ Trust, Re (1879)... 362 (1992)... 630 Adderley v Dixon (1824)... 653 AMEC Group Ltd v Universal Steels (Scotland) Adekunle v Ritchie (2007)... 194 Ltd (2009)... 589 Adlard, Re, Taylor v Adlard (1954)... 111, 120 AMP (UK) plc v Barker (2001)... 709 Admiral Shipping YJS A/S v Portlink Ferries Ltd AN v Barclays Private Bank & Trust (Cayman) (1984), CA... 629 Ltd (2007)... 483 Adnitt v Hands (1887), DC... 246 ARMS (Multiple Sclerosis Research) Ltd, Re, Advocate (Lord) v Scotsman Publications Ltd Alleyne v A-G (1996)... 344 (1989)... 619 Aaron’s Reefs Ltd v Twiss (1896), HL... 667 Affleck v Newcastle Mind (1999), EAT... 299 Aas v Benham (1891), CA... 145 Agip (Africa) Ltd v Jackson (1990); affd (1991), Abbeyfield (Harpenden) Society Ltd v Woods CA... 154, 156, 157, 158, 536, 537, 538, 540, (1968), CA... 222 547, 549 Abbott Fund Trusts, Re, Smith v Abbott Agip SpA v Navigazione Alta Italia SpA, The Nai (1900)... 176 Genova and Nai Superba (1984), CA... 707 Aberdeen Railway Co v Blaikie Bros Agnew v Belfast Banking Co (1896), CA... 124 (1854)... 443 Agrabele, The. See Gebr Van Weelde Aberdeen Town Council v Aberdeen University Scheepvaart Kantoor BV v Homeric Marine (1877), HL... 145, 444 Services Ltd, The Agrabele Aberfoyle Plantations Ltd v Cheng (1960), Agricultural Mortgage Corpn plc v Woodward PC... 672 (1994), CA... 240 Abergavenny’s (Marquis) Estate Act Trusts, Re, Aid/Watch Incorporated v Commissioner of Marquis of Abergavenny v Ram (1981)... 474 Taxation of the Commonwealth of Australia Abernethy v Hutchinson (1825)... 614 (2010)... 280 Abidin Daver, The (1984), HL... 579 Ailion v Spiekermann (1976)... 653 Abigail v Lapin (1934), HL... 24 Ailyan and Fry (trustees in bankruptcy of Kevin Foster) v Smith (2010)... 238 Aboriginal Development Commission v Treka Aboriginal Arts and Crafts Ltd (1984)... 77 Ainsworth v Bentley (1866)... 597 Abou-Rahman v Abacha (2006)... 150, 153, Ainsworth, Re, Finch v Smith (1915)... 525 162, 166 Air Canada v M & L Travel Ltd (1993)... 52 Abrahams, Re, Abrahams v Bendon Air Jamaica Ltd v Charlton (1999), PC... 19 (1911)... 467 Akeroyd’s Settlement, Re, Roberts v Akeroyd Abrahams v Abrahams’ Trustee in Bankruptcy (1893), CA... 174 (1999)... 51, 180 Al-Fayed v The Observer Ltd (1986)... 590 xvi Table of Cases Al Nahkel for Contracting and Trading Ltd v Amis v Witt (1863)... 127 Lowe (1986)... 713 Anchor Brewhouse Developments Ltd v Berkley Albert (Prince) v Strange (1849)... 614 House (Docklands Developments) Ltd Aldhous, Re, Noble v Treasury Solicitor (1987)... 591 (1955)... 408 Andrew’s Trust, Re, Carter v Andrew Alexander v Standard Telephones and Cables plc (1905)... 176 (1990)... 660 Andrews, Re (1999), CA... 677 Ali v Khan (2002)... 182 Angel v Jay (1911)... 693 Ali v Naseem (2003)... 713 Angel Bell, The. See Iraqi Ministry of Defence Alimand Computer Systems v Radcliffes & Co v Arcepey Shipping Co SA (Gillespie Bros (1991)... 145 intervening), The Angel Bell Allcard v Skinner (1887)... 693, 696 Anglesey (Marquis), Re, Countess De Galve v Gardner (1903)... 684 Allen v Distillers Co (Biochemicals) Ltd (1974)... 484, 506 Anker Petersen v Anker Petersen (1991)... 427 Allen v Gulf Oil Refi ning Ltd (1980), CA, revsd Annamunthodo v Oilfield Workers’ Trade Union (1961), PC... 611 (1981), HL... 570 Ansah v Ansah (1977), CA... 559 Allen v Jackson (1875), CA... 231 Ansari v Ansari (2008)... 242, 243 Allen v Jambo Holdings Ltd (1980), CA... 632, 642 Anson v Anson (1953)... 188 Allen v Rochdale Borough Council (1999), Anson v Potter (1879)... 411 CA... 69 Antec International Ltd v South Western Chicks Allen v Snyder (1977), CA... 6 (Warren) Ltd (1997)... 585 Allen-Meyrick’s Will Trusts, Re, Mangnall v Anthony v Donges (1998)... 484 Allen-Meyrick (1966)... 81, 484 Antie v R (2009)... 49 Allhusen v Whitell (1867)... 433 Aquaculture Corpn v New Zealand Green Alliance and Leicester plc v Slayford (2000), Mussel Co Ltd (1990)... 513 CA... 202 Arab Monetary Fund v Hashim (1989)... 643, Allied Arab Bank Ltd v Hajjar (1988)... 713 647 Allied Irish Bank v Ashford Hotels Ltd (1997), Araghchinchi v Araghchinchi (1997), CA... 645 CA... 581 Aranes v Marshall (2007)... 403 Allnutt v Wilding (2007)... 702, 709 Arber, Re, Taylor v Shelton (1919)... 269 Allsop, Re, Whittaker v Bamford (1914), CA... 532 Arbib and Class’s Contract, Re (1891), CA... 362 Al-Rawas v Pegasus Energy Ltd (2008)... 581 Archer v Williams (2003)... 619 Alsop Wilkinson (a firm) v Neary (1994)... 479–481 Archer-Shee v Garland (Inspector of Taxes) (1931), HL... 84, 85 Aluminium Industrie Vaassen BV v Romalpa Aluminium Ltd (1976); affd (1976), CA... 32, Arden, Re (1935)... 75 542 Arena Corporation v Schroder (2003)... 579 Amber Size and Chemical Co Ltd v Menzel Argyll (Duchess of) v Duke of Argyll (1913)... 614 (1967)... 26, 599, 614, 619 Amec Development Ltd v Jury’s Hotel Armitage’s Will Trusts, Re, Ellam v Norwich Management (UK) Ltd (2001)... 571 Corpn (1972)... 318 American Cyanamid Co v Ethicon Ltd (1975), Armitage v Nurse (1997), CA... 245, 404, 519, HL... 578, 584–586, 588, 589, 590–593 520, 526 American Cyanamid Co v Ethicon Ltd Armour v Thyssen Edelstahlwerke-AG (1991), (1979)... 560 HL... 542 American Express International Banking Corpn Armstrong, Re (1892)... 678 v Hurley (1985)... 686 Armstrong v Hachen Estate (2000)... 123 Ames v Birkenhead Docks Trustees Armstrong v Sheppard & Short Ltd (1959), (1855)... 680 CA... 594, 595, 597 Ames’ Settlement, Re, Dinwiddy v Ames Arning v James (1936)... 394 (1946)... 173 Arnold’s Trusts, Re (1947)... 36, 37  Table of Cases xvii Aroso v Coutts & Co (2002)... 183, 184, 190 A-G v Birmingham, Tame and Rea District Arthur v Public Trustee (1988)... 105 Drainage Board (1910), CA; varied (1912), Arthur (LP) (Insurance) Ltd v Sisson HL... 601, 622 (1966)... 680 A-G v Blake (Jonathan Cape Ltd third party) Artistic Upholstery Ltd v Art Forma (Furniture) (1996); revsd (1997), CA; affd (2000), Ltd (1999)... 64 HL... 571, 614, 620 Ashburn Anstalt v Arnold (1989), CA... 169, A-G v Chaudry (1971), CA... 622, 623 170, 215, 222, 223, 224 A-G v Cocke (1988)... 527, 529 Ashburton (Lord) v Pape (1913), CA... 619 A-G v Colney Hatch Lunatic Asylum Ashby, Re, ex p Wreford (1892)... 81 (1868)... 558 Ashcroft v Barnesdale (2010)... 701 A-G v Cooper’s Co (1812)... 331 Ashton v Corrigan (1871)... 665 A-G v Day (1817)... 677 Ashurst v Pollard (2001), CA... 86, 651 A-G v Day (1900)... 269 Ashworth Security Hospital v MGN Ltd A-G v Dixie, ex p Bosworth School (2002)... 405 (1805)... 319 Aspland v Watte (1855)... 523 A-G v Dublin Corpn (1827), HL... 688 Associated Artists Ltd v IRC (1956)... 265 A-G v Earl of Clarendon (1810)... 319, 443 Associated British Ports v Transport and A-G v Gee (1813)... 678 General Workers’ Union (1989), CA; revsd A-G v Governors, etc of Sherborne Grammar (1989), HL... 659–660 School (1854)... 315 Aston v Heron (1834)... 679 A-G v Guardian Newspapers Ltd (1987), Astor’s Settlement Trusts, Re, Astor v Scholfield HL... 586, 615 (1952)... 59, 60 A-G v Guardian Newspapers Ltd (No 2) (1988); Astro Exito Navegacion SA v Southland on appeal (1988), CA; affd (1988), HL... 7, Enterprise Co Ltd (No 2) (Chase Manhattan 613, 616, 619, 620 Bank NA intervening), The Messiniaki Tolmi A-G v Harris (1961) CA... 620, 622 (1982), CA; affd (1983), HL... 559, 578 A-G v Ironmongers’ Co (1841); affd sub nom ATC (Cayman) Ltd v Rothschild Trust Cayman Ironmongers’ Co v A-G (1844), HL... 334, Ltd (2006)... 458 336 Athletes Foot Marketing Associates Inc v Cobra A-G v Jacobs-Smith (1895), CA... 108 Sports Ltd (1980)... 588 A-G v Lady Downing (1769)... 264 Atkin v Raymond (2010)... 386 A-G v Lewes Corpn (1911)... 601 Atkinson, Re, Atkinson v Atkinson (1911), A-G v Long Eaton UDC (1915), CA... 561 CA... 49, 50 A-G v Manchester Corpn (1893)... 561, 562 Atkinson, Re, Barbers’ Co v Grose-Smith (1904), A-G v Margaret and Regius Professors in CA... 433 Cambridge (1682)... 264 Atkinson’s Will Trusts, Re Atkinson v Hall A-G v Mathieson, Re Wilkinson and Fell’s (1978)... 249 Contract (1907), CA... 259 Atlas Cabinets and Furniture Ltd v National A-G v Middleton (1751)... 319 Trust Co Ltd (1990)... 72 A-G v Molland (1832)... 269 Attenborough (George) & Son v Solomon (1913), A-G v National Provincial and Union Bank of HL... 40, 41, 42 England. See Tetley, Re, National Provincial A-G (at the relation of Allen) v Colchester Corpn and Union Bank of England Ltd v Tetley (1955)... 656 A-G v Nottingham Corpn (1904)... 562 A-G v Alford... 515 A-G v Oakaver (1736)... 269 A-G v Ashborne Recreation Ground Co A-G v Parry (2002)... 617 (1903)... 622 A-G v Plowden. See Grove-Grady, Re, Plowden A-G v Barker (1990), CA... 591 v Lawrence A-G v Bastow (1957)... 622 A-G v Price (1810)... 293 A-G v Biphosphated Guano Co (1879), A-G v Punch Ltd (2002)... 575 CA... 23 A-G v R (2003)... 697 A-G v Birmingham Borough Council (1858)... 597 A-G v Ross (1985)... 252 xviii Table of Cases A-G v Schonfeld (1980)... 676, 683 Ayerst (Inspector of Taxes) v C & K A-G v Sharp (1931), CA... 622 (Construction) Ltd (1976), HL... 396 A-G v Smith (1958)... 620 Aylesford (Earl of) v Earl Poulett (1892)... 678 A-G v South Staffordshire Waterworks Co Ayliffe v Murray (1740)... 440 (1909)... 601 Aynsley v Glover (1874); on appeal A-G v Stephens (1834)... 358 (1874)... 565, 567 A-G v Times Newspapers Ltd (1991), HL... 575 A-G v Trustees of the British Museum B (Commission for Looted Art in Europe B (child property transfer), Re (1999), CA... 49 intervening) (2005)... 315 B v B (injunction: restraint on leaving A-G v Wilson (1840)... 516 jurisdiction) (1997)... 648 A-G v Wright (1987)... 584 BA Peters plc (in administration), Re A-G for Dominion of Canada v Ritchie (2008)... 49, 178, 540 Contracting and Supply Co (1919), PC... 561 BBC v Harpercollins Publishers Ltd A-G for Hong Kong v Reid (1994), PC... 142, (2010)... 591 150, 152, 153, 534 BBC v Rochdale MBC (2005)... 618 A-G for New South Wales v Public Trustee BICC plc v Burndy Corpn (1985), CA... 672 (1987)... 346 BMP Global Distribution Inc v Bank of Nova A-G for New South Wales v Sawtell Scotia (2009)... 538 (1978)... 274 B Borough Council v S (by the Official Solicitor) A-G for Ontario v Perry (1934)... 108 (2006)... 559 A-G for Tuvalu v Philatelic Distribution Corpn Babanaft International Co SA v Bassatne (1990), Ltd (1990), CA... 573 CA... 627, 636 A-G of Hong Kong v Humphreys Estate Baber’s Trusts, Re (1870)... 246 (Queen’s Gardens) Ltd (1987), PC... 207 Baburin v Baburin (No 2) (1991)... 531 A-G of the Bahamas v Royal Trust Co (1986), Bacal Contracting Ltd v Modern Engineering PC... 250 (Bristol) Ltd (1980)... 687 A-G of the Cayman Islands v Wahr-Hansen Bacharach’s Will Trusts, Re, Minden v (2001), PC... 249, 278 Bacharach (1959)... 703 A-G’s Reference (No 1 of 1985) (1986), Bacon v Camphausen (1888)... 518 CA... 534 Bacup Corpn v Smith (1890), CA... 679 Attwood v Small (1838), HL... 692 Baddeley v IRC (1953), CA; revsd sub nom IRC Auckland Medical Aid Trust v IRC v Baddeley (1955), HL... 262, 277, 278, 287, (1979)... 265 288, 291 Australian Building & Technical Solutions pty Baden v Société Générale pour Favoriser le ltd Baumelhem (2009)... 72 Développement du Commerce et de Industrie Australian Hardwoods Pty Ltd v Railways Comr en France SA (1983); affd (1985), CA... 159, (1961), PC... 649, 671 163 Australian Meat Industry Employees Union v Baden’s Deed Trusts, Re, Baden v Smith (1969), Mudginberri Station Pty Ltd (1986)... 573 CA; revsd sub nom McPhail v... Doulton Australian Postal Corpn v Lutak (1991)... 152 (1971) 34, 35, 37, 38, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 79, 81, Australian Securities Commission v AS 82 Nominees Ltd (1995)... 397 Baden’s Deed Trusts (No 2), Re (1972); affd Australian Securities and Investments (1973), CA... 38, 55, 57, 58 Commission v Citigroup Global Markets Badfinger Music v Evans (2001)... 150, 440 Australia Pty Ltd (2007)... 245 Badger, Re (1913)... 470 Author of a Blog v Times Newspapers Ltd Badger’s Settlement, Re, Badger v Woolley (2009)... 613, 617, 618 (1915)... 377 Avalon Trust, Re (2006)... 404 Bagshaw, Re, Westminster Bank Ltd v Taylor Avant Petroleum Inc v Gatoil Overseas Inc (1954)... 342, 343 (1986), CA... 629 Bahin v Hughes (1886), CA... 398, 518, 519 Aveling v Knipe (1815)... 181 Bahr v Nicolay (No 2) (1988)... 170 Avon Finance Co Ltd v Bridger (1985)... 697 Bailey v Gould (1840)... 461  Table of Cases xix Baillie, Re, Fitzgerald v Noad (1886)... 133 and Shanghai Bank Trustee (Jersey) Ltd Bain, Re, Public Trustee v Ross (1930), CA... 271 (1994)... 537 Bainbridge v Blair (1835)... 681 Bankart v Houghton (1860)... 598 Bainbridge v Smith (1889)... 658 Bankes v Salisbury Diocesan Council of Education Inc (1960)... 174 Baird v BCE Holdings Pty Ltd (1996)... 691 Banks v Goodfellow (1870)... 46, 47 Baird v Baird (1990), PC... 19, 96 Banks v Ripley (1940)... 710 Baird v Wells (1890), CA... 612 Banner Homes Group plc v Luff Developments Bairstow v Queens Moat Houses plc Ltd (2000), CA... 219, 220 (2001)... 148 Bannister v Bannister (1948), CA... 98, 99, 115, Baker v Archer-Shee (1927), HL... 84, 85 142 Baker v Baker (1993), CA... 215 Banque Financiere de la Cite v Parc (Battersea) Baker v Carter (1835)... 444 Ltd (1998), HL... 548 Baker v Peck (1861)... 444 Banton v CIBC Trust Corp (2001)... 156 Baker (GL) Ltd v Medway Building and Supplies Baptist Union of Ireland (Northern) Corpn Ltd Ltd (1958); on appeal (1958), CA... 526, 550 v IRC (1945)... 287 Balding v Ashley (1991)... 103 Barbados Trust Co v Bank of Zambia Baldry v Feintuck (1972)... 280 (2007)... 51 Baldwin v Society for the Diff usion of Useful Barber v Rowe (1948), CA... 89 Knowledge (1838)... 609, 658 Barbour’s Settlement, Re, National Westminster Balfour’s Settlement, Re, Public Trustee v Bank Ltd v Barbour (1974)... 441, 494 Official Receiver (1938)... 83 Barcham (a bankrupt), Re, French v Barcham Balkanbank v Taher (1994); on appeal (1994), (2008)... 203 CA... 580 Barclay v Prospect Mortgages Ltd (1974)... 712 Ball’s Settlement, Re (1968)... 500 Barclays Bank Ltd v Bird (1954)... 682 Balls v Strutt (1841)... 397, 623 Barclays Bank Ltd v Moore (1967), CA... 685 Baltic Shipping v Translink Shipping Ltd Barclays Bank Ltd v Quistclose Investments Ltd (1995)... 637 (1970), HL... 20, 80, 176, 177, 178 Banfield, Re, Lloyds Bank Ltd v Smith Barclays Bank plc v Bean (2004)... 240 (1968)... 268, 285 Barclays Bank plc v Caplan (1997)... 696 Banister Re, Broad v Munton (1879), CA... 667 Barclays Bank plc v O’Brien (1994), HL... 23, Bank Mellat v Kazmi (1989), CA... 633 695–697 Bank Mellat v Nikpour (1985), CA... 559, 625 Barclays Bank plc v Quincecare Ltd Bank of Africa Ltd v Cohen (1909), CA... 555 (1992)... 158 Bank of China v NBM LLC (2002)... 637 Barclays Bank plc v RBS Advanta (1996)... 585 Bank of Credit and Commerce International Baring’s Settlement Trusts, Re, Baring Bros & (Overseas) Ltd v Akindele (2000), Co Ltd v Liddell (1940)... 83 CA... 157–161, 163 Barker, Re, Ravenshaw v Barker (1898)... 511, Bank of Credit and Commerce International SA 532 (No 9), Re (1994), CA... 629 Barker v Stickney (1919), CA... 609 Bank of Credit and Commerce International SA Barker-Benfield (Deceased), Re (2006)... 965 v Aboody (1990), CA... 695 Barker’s Trusts, Re (1875)... 362 Bank of Credit and Commerce International SA Barker’s Will Trusts, Re, Barker v Crouch v Ali UKHL 8 (2001)... 523 (1948)... 269 Bank of Ireland Home Mortgages Ltd v Bell Barlow Clowes International Ltd (in liquidation) (2001)... 202 v Vaughan (1992),CA... 174, 546, 547 Bank of Montreal v British Columbia (Milk Barlow Clowes International Ltd v Eurotrust Marketing Board) (1994)... 52 International Ltd (2004)... 161, 164, 165, 166 Bank of New Zealand v New Zealand Guardian Barlow’s Will Trusts, Re (1979)... 54, 227 Trust Co Ltd (1999)... 510 Barnes, Re (1976)... 347 Bank of Scotland v A Ltd (2001)... 72 Barnes v Addy (1874)... 151, 161, 167 Bank Tejarat v Hong Kong and Shanghai Barnes v City of London Real Property Co Banking Corpn (CI) Ltd and Hong Kong (1918)... 655, 663 xx Table of Cases Barnes v Tomlinson (2006)... 165 Beatty’s Will Trusts, Re (1990)... 34 Barnsley Brewery Co Ltd v RBNB (1997)... 585 Beauclerk v Ashburnham (1845)... 419 Barralet v A-G (1980)... 265, 268, 277 Beaumont, Re, Beaumont v Ewbank Barrett v Barrett (2008)... 232 (1902)... 123, 128 Barron v Willis (1900), CA; on appeal sub nom Beaumont v Boultbee (1802)... 689 Willis v Barron (1902), HL... 446 Beckbessinger, Re (1993)... 58 Barros Mattos Jnr v MacDaniels Ltd Beckenham MC Ltd v Centralex Ltd (2004)... 550 (2004)... 240 Barrow v Barrow (1854); on appeal (1854), Beckett’s Settlement Re, Re, Beckett, Eden v Von CA... 705 Stutterheim (1940)... 411, 474 Barrow v Chappell & Co Ltd (1951)... 656 Bective (Countess of) v Hodgson (1864)... 467 Barrows v Chief Land Registrar (1977)... 687 Beddoe Re, Downes v Cottam (1893), Bartlam v Coutts & Co (2006)... 709 CA... 399, 479 Bartlett v Barclays Bank Trust Co Ltd Beddow v Beddow (1878)... 554 (1980)... 397, 422, 425, 511, 528 Bedford (Duke) v British Museum Trustees Bartlett v Barclays Bank Trust Co Ltd (No 2) (1822)... 669 (1980)... 515 Bedingfeld and Herring’s Contract, Re Bartlett v Salmon (1855)... 692 (1893)... 364 Basham, Re (1987)... 208 Beecher v Major (1865)... 184 Baskcomb v Beckwith (1869)... 668 Beesty’s Will Trusts Re, Farrar v Royal Alfred Bastin v Bidwell (1881)... 672 Merchant Seamen’s Society (1966)... 411 Bate v Hooper (1855)... 525 Begg-MacBrearty (Inspector of Taxes) v Stilwell (1996)... 465 Bateman v Davis (1818)... 509 Behbehani v Salem (1989), CA... 630 Bateman v Williams (2009)... 191 Behnke v Bede Shipping Co Ltd (1927)... 654 Bateman’s Will Trusts, Re, Brierley v Perry (1970)... 137 Behrens v Richards (1905)... 595 Bates (Thomas) & Son Ltd v Wyndham’s Behzadi v Shaftesbury Hotels Ltd (1992), (Lingerie) Ltd (1981), CA... 706, 710 CA... 673 Bath v Standard Land Co Ltd (1911)... 145 Bekhor (AJ) & Co Ltd v Bilton (1981), CA... 636 Bath and North East Somerset District Council Belar Pty Ltd v Mahaffey (in liquidation) v Mowlem plc (2004)... 578 (2001)... 477 Bathe, Re, Bathe v Public Trustee (1925)... 231 Belchier, ex p. See Parsons, Re, ex p Belchier, ex p Parsons Batstone v Salter (1875)... 183, 184 Belfast City YMCA Trustees v Northern Ireland Batten v Wedgwood Coal and Iron Co Valuation Comr (1969), CA... 280 (1884)... 680 Belize Alliance of Conservation Non- Baumgartner v Baumgartner (1987), HC of Governmental Organisations v Department A... 72 of the Environment of Belize (2003)... 590, Baxter v Claydon (1952)... 584 632, 642 Baxter v Four Oaks Properties Ltd Bell v Lever Bros Ltd (1932), HL... 698 (1965)... 564, 605 Bell’s Indenture, Re, Bell v Hickley Bayer AG v Winter (1986), CA... 578, 646, 647 (1980)... 167, 515 Bayer AG v Winter (No 2) (1986)... 647 Bellairs v Bellairs (1874)... 230 Bayley-Jones v University of Newcastle Bellamy, Re, Pickard v Holroyd (1883)... 230 (1990)... 321 Belling, Re, Enfield London Borough Council v Baynes Clarke v Corless (2010)... 220 Public Trustee (1967)... 314 Bayoumi v Women’s Total Abstinence Belmont Finance Corpn v Williams Furniture Educational Union Ltd (2003)... 352, 353 Ltd (No 2) (1980), CA... 157, 160, 515 Beale v Trinller (2008)... 446 Belmont Finance Corpn Ltd v Williams Beale’s Settlement Trusts, Re, Huggins v Beale Furniture Ltd (1979), CA... 162 (1932)... 496 Bence v Gilpin (1868)... 382 Beaney, Re (1978)... 46, 123 Benett, Re, Ward v Benett (1906), CA... 384 Beatty’s Will Trusts (No 2), Re (1991)... 374 Benett v Wyndham (1862)... 414, 475, 477  Table of Cases xxi Benham’s Will Trusts, Re (1994)... 257 Bignold’s Settlement Trusts, Re (1872)... 362, Benjamin, Re, Neville v Benjamin (1902)... 407 363, 369 Benjamin v Leicher (1998)... 122 Bill v Cureton (1835)... 245 Bennet v Bennet (1879)... 186 Billes, Re (1983)... 490 Bennett (deceased), Re in the Estate of Bilston Corpn v Wolverhampton Corpn (2004)... 695 (1942)... 558 Bennett, Re, Jones v Bennett (1896), CA... 434, Bind Charitable Trust, Re (2008)... 490 461 Binions v Evans (1972), CA... 99, 170, 222, 223, Bennett, Re, Sucker v A-G (1960)... 330 224, 609 Bennett v Burgis (1846)... 399 Biogen Inc v Medeva plc (1992); revsd (1994), CA... 567, 600 Bennison, Re, Cutler v Boyd (1889)... 402 Birch v Birch (1902), CA... 713, 714 Berkeley Applegate (Investment Consultants) Ltd, Re, Harris v Conway (1989)... 236, 441, Birch v Cropper (1848)... 377 599 Birch v Curtis (2002)... 139 Berkley v Poulett (1976), CA... 168 Birch v Treasury Solicitor (1951), CA... 125, Bernard v Bagshaw (1862)... 402 126, 129 Bernard v Josephs (1982), CA... 187, 193 Birche, Re, Birchall v Ashton (1889), CA... 381–383 Berney v Sewell (1820)... 682 Bird, Re, Re Evans, Dodd v Evans (1901)... 433 Bernstein, Re (2008)... 499, 503 Bird v Hadkinson (1999)... 574, 646 Berridge, Re, Berridge v Turner (1890), CA... 264 Bird v Lake (1863)... 651 Berry (a Bankrupt), Re (1978)... 192 Birkett, Re (1878)... 251 Berry, Re, Lloyds Bank Ltd v Berry Birkett v Acorn Business Machines Ltd (1999), (1962)... 432 CA... 232 Berry v Berry (1929)... 9 Birmingham City Council v Shasi (2008)... 623 Berry v Green (1938), HL sub nom Blake, Berry v Birmingham Midshires Mortgage Services Ltd v Green (1938)... 412 Sabberwal (1999), CA... 216 Berry v St Marylebone Borough Council (1958), Biscoe v Jackson (1887), CA... 262, 336, 339 CA... 268 Bishop, Re, ex p Langley, ex p Smith (1879), Berry’s Settlement, Re, Birkenhead v Smith CA... 576 (1966)... 503 Bishop, Re, National Provincial Bank Ltd v Bersel Manufacturing Co Ltd v Berry (1968), Bishop (1965)... 189 HL... 364 Bishop Square Ltd v IRC (1997), CA... 93 Berton, Re Vandyk v Berton (1939)... 89 Bishopsgate Investment Management Ltd (in Bertrand v Davies (1862)... 681 liquidation) v Homan (1994), CA... 544 Berwick-on-Tweed Corpn v Murray Biss, Re, Biss v Biss (1903), CA... 142, 143 (1857)... 515 Blackett v Darcy (2005)... 122 Besant v Wood (1879)... 599, 610, 673 Blacklocks v JB Developments (Godalming) Ltd Beswick v Beswick (1968), HL... 109, 114, 115, (1982)... 22, 24 650, 666 Blackwell, Re, Blackwell v Blackwell (1929), Bethell v Abraham (1873); affd (1874)... 418 HL... 131–134, 137 Bethune v Kennedy (1835)... 430 Blair v Canada Trust Co (1986)... 519 Bevan v Webb (1905)... 144 Blair v Duncan (1902), HL... 249 Bevin v Smith (1994)... 169 Blake, Re (1885)... 483 Bhimji v Chatwani (1991)... 640 Blake, Re (1887), CA... 362 Blakemore v Glamorganshire Canal Navigation Bhimji v Chatwani (No 3) (1992)... 644 (1832)... 579 Bhopal and Kaur v Walia (1999), CA... 243 Blaker v Herts and Essex Waterworks Co Bhullar v Bhullar (2003)... 148 (1889)... 686 Biddencare Ltd, Re (1994)... 479 Blakeway v Blakeway (1833)... 677 Bidwell v Holden (1890)... 557 Bland v Ingram’s Estates Ltd (2002)... 21 Bigg v Queensland Trustees Ltd (1990)... 140 Blandy Jenkins’ Estate, Re, Jenkins v Walker Bigger, Re (1977)... 393 (1917)... 76 xxii Table of Cases Blankenship v Boyle (1971)... 416 Bourne v Keane (1919)... 62 Blathwayt v Baron Cawley (1976), HL... 227, Bouts v Ellis (1853); affd (1853)... 128 228, 231 Bouygues Offshore SA v Caspian Shipping Co Blome v Blome (1976)... 576 (1998), CA... 579 Bloomer v Spittle (1872)... 707 Bovill v Crate (1865)... 596 Bloomsbury Publishing Group Ltd v News Bowden, Re, Andrew v Cooper (1890)... 528 Group Newspapers Ltd (2003)... 555 Bowden, Re, Hulbert v Bowden (1936)... 120 Blue v Marshall (1735)... 462 Bowen, Re, Lloyd Phillips v Davis (1893)... 255, Blundell, Re, Blundell v Blundell (1888)... 167, 335 477 Bower v Bantam Investments Ltd (1972)... 608 Blunt’s Trusts, Re, Wigan v Clinch Bowlby, Re, Bowlby v Bowlby (1904), CA... 467 (1904)... 335 Bowman v Secular Society Ltd (1917), HL... 59, Blyth v Fladgate (1891)... 516 64, 280 Boardman v Phipps. See Phipps v Boardman Boyce v Boyce (1849)... 53 Boehm v Goodall (1911)... 679, 680 Boyes, Re, Boyes v Carritt (1884)... 135, 173 Boehm v Wood (1820)... 683 Boyle v Bettws Llantwit Colliery Co Bogg v Raper (1998), CA... 521 (1876)... 678 Bold v Hutchinson (1855)... 704 Boys’ Will Trusts, Re, Westminster Bank Ltd v Boles and British Land Co’s Contract, Re Boys (1950)... 419 (1902)... 444 Bracewell v Appleby (1975)... 571 Bolton v Curre (1895)... 525 Bracken, Re, Doughty v Townson (1889), Bonar Law Memorial Trust v IRC (1933)... 266 CA... 408 Bond v Walford (1886)... 173 Bracken Partners Ltd v Gutteridge (2003), Bonham v Blake Lapthorn Linnell HL... 541 (2006)... 479 Bradford (Earl) v Earl of Romney (1862)... 706 Boning, Re (1997)... 225 Bradshaw v University College of Wales, Bonnard v Perryman (1891), CA... 590, 591, 613 Aberystwyth (1987)... 314 Bonsor v Musicians’ Union (1956), HL... 611, Bradstock Group Pensions Scheme Trustees Ltd 612 v Bradstock Group plc (2002)... 463 Boots the Chemist Ltd v Street (1983)... 22 Bradstock Trustee Services Ltd v Nabarro Nathanson (a firm) (1995)... 414, 475 Border (UK) Ltd v Scottish Timber Products Ltd (1981), CA... 539 Braithwaite, Re, Braithwaite v Wallis (1882)... 418 Borrowman v Rossell (1864)... 710 Brakespear v Ackland (2008)... 404 Borthwick (Thomas) & Sons (Australasia) Ltd v South Otago Freezing Co Ltd (1978), Brandeis (Brokers Ltd) v Black (2001)... 32 NZCA... 607 Brandon v Robinson (1811)... 78 Borwick, Re, Borwick v Borwick (1933)... 228 Branston & Gothard Ltd, Re (1999)... 49 Borwick’s Settlement, Re, Woodman v Borwick, Braunstein and Marjorlaine Ltd, Re Re Woodman (1916)... 465 (1914)... 682 Boscawen v Bajwa (1995), CA... 536, 540, 544, Bray v Briggs (1872)... 668 547, 548 Bray v Ford (1896), HL... 397, 436 Bostock v Bryant (1990), CA... 211 Bray v West (1838)... 382 Bostock’s Settlement, Re, Norrish v Bostock Breadalbane v Chandos (1837)... 704 (1921), CA... 75 Breadner v Granville-Grossman (2001)... 80, Boswell v Coaks (No 2) (1894), HL... 713 479, 480 Bothe v Amos (1976), CA... 204 Brealispear v Achland (2008)... 445 Botibol, Re, Botibol v Botibol (1947)... 680 Breed’s Will, Re (1875)... 471 Bouch, Re, Sproule v Bouch (1885), CA; revsd Brenner v Rose (1973)... 680 sub nom Bouch v Sproule (1887), HL... 433 Brett v East India and London Shipping Co Ltd Boulding Group plc v Newett (1991), CA... 671 (1864)... 658, 664 Bourgoin SA v Ministry of Agriculture, Brewer’s Settlement, Re, Morton v Blackmore Fisheries and Food (1986), CA... 589 (1896)... 79, 83  Table of Cases xxiii Brice v Stokes (1805)... 521 Brooking v Maudslay, Son and Field Bridgman v Gill (1857)... 167 (1888)... 711 Bridlington Relay Ltd v Yorkshire Electricity Brookes v Richardson (1986)... 314, 316 Board (1965)... 562 Brooking v Maudslay, Son and Field Brierley, Re, Brierley v Brierley (1894), CA... 36 (1888)... 711 Briggs v Massey (1882), CA... 513 Broomhead (JW) (Vic) Pty Ltd (in liquidation) Briggs v Parsloe (1937)... 670 v J W Broomhead Pty Ltd (1985)... 359, 383, 477, 478 Brink’s-MAT Ltd v Elcombe (1988), CA... 630 Broun v Kennedy (1863); on appeal (1864)... 708 Brisbane City Council v A-G for Queensland (1979), PC... 294 Brown, Re, District Bank Ltd v Brown (1954)... 78 Bristol and West Building Society v Henning (1985), CA... 23 Brown v Bennett (1997); affd (1998), CA... 157, 163 Bristol and West Building Society v May May & Merrimans (a firm) (1996)... 510 Brown v Burdett (1882)... 225 Bristol and West Building Society v Mothew (t/a Brown v Higgs (1803); on appeal (1813), Stapley & Co) (1996), CA... 154, 436, 437, 514 HL... 35, 37 Bristol’s Settled Estates, Re, Bristol v Jermyn Brown v IRC (1965), HL... 145, 442 (1964)... 495, 502 Brown v Pourau (1995)... 130 Britain v Rossiter (1879), CA... 90 Brown v Smith (1878), CA... 470 British Airways Board v Laker Airways Ltd Browne (Lord) of Madingley v Associated (1985)... 628 Newspapers Ltd (2007)... 590 British and Commonwealth Holdings plc v Browne, Wace v Smith (1918)... 438 Quadrex Holdings Inc (1989), CA... 673 Broxtowe Borough Council v Birch (1981); affd British Coal Corpn v British Coal Staff (1983), CA... 267 Superannuation Scheme Trustees Ltd Bryank v Law Society (2007)... 164 (1995)... 19 Bryanston Finance Ltd v de Vries (No 2) (1976), British Data Management plc v Boxer CA... 578, 589 Commercial Removals plc (1996), CA... 560 Bryant v Busk (1827)... 673 British Linen Co v South American and Brykiert v Jones (1981), CA... 187 Mexican Co (1894), CA... 678 Buchanan v Hamilton (1801)... 370 British Red Cross Balkan Fund, Re, British Red Cross Society v Johnson (1914)... 174 Buckeridge v Glasse (1841)... 523 British School of Egyptian Archaeology, Re, Buckinghamshire’s (Earl) Settlements Trusts, Murray v Public Trustee (1954)... 264 Re, Cole v Hope-Morley (1977)... 472 British Telecommunications plc v One in a Buckland v Farmer and Moody (a firm) (1978), Million Ltd (1997); affd (1998), CA... 560 CA... 690 British Transport Commission v Gourley (1956), Bucks Constabulary Widows’ and Orphans’ HL... 515 Fund Friendly Society, Re, Thompson v Broadbent’s Will, Re (2001), CA... 342 Holdsworth (No 2) (1979)... 66 Brochbanli (decd), Re (1948)... 411 Buckton, Re, Buckton v Buckton (1907)... 480 Brockbank, Re, Ward v Bates (1948)... 369, Budget Rent a Car International Inc v Mamos 486, 487 Slough Ltd (1977), CA... 585 Brogden, Re, Billing v Brogden (1888), Budgett v Budgett (1895)... 476 CA... 399 Bulkeley v Earl of Eglinton (1855)... 378 Bromley v Holland (1802)... 711 Bull v Bull (1955), CA... 181, 623 Bromley v Tryon (1952), HL... 51 Bullock, Re, Good v Lickorish (1891)... 81 Brook’s Settlement, Re, Brook v Brook Bullock v Downes. See Downes v Bullock (1968)... 111, 120, 505 Bullock v Lloyds Bank Ltd (1955)... 480 Brooke Bond & Co Ltd’s Trust Deed, Re, Brooke Bulmer (HP) Ltd and Showerings Ltd v J v Brooke Bond & Co Ltd (1963)... 145 Bollinger SA and Champagne Lanson Père et Brooker, Re, Brooker v Brooker (1926)... 89, 681 Fils (1978), CA... 569, 596, 598 Brooker’s Estate, Re, Brooker v Brooker Bunn v British Broadcasting Corp (1857)... 681 (1998)... 580 xxiv Table of Cases Bunn v Markham (1816)... 124 C Inc plc v L (2001)... 625, 634, 635, 676 Bunny Industries Ltd v FSW Enterprises Pty Ltd C Ltd v P (Secretary of State for Home Office and (1982)... 168 anor intervening) (2007)... 643 Burchell v Clark (1876), CA... 702 CMS Dolphin Ltd v Simonet (2001)... 149 Burdick v Garrick (1870)... 32, 530 CN Marine Inc v Stena Line A/B and Regie Voor Burgess v Rawnsley (1975), CA... 173 Maritiem Transport, The Stena Nautica (No Burns v Steel (2006)... 486 2) (1982), CA... 650, 654 Burns & Geroff v Leda Holdings Pty Ltd Caborne, Re, Hodge and Nabarro v Smith (1988)... 525 (1943)... 229–231 Burns Philp Trustee Co Ltd v Viney (1981)... 84 Cadogan v Earl of Essex (1854)... 419 Burrell v Burrell’s Trustees (1915)... 443 Caffoor (Trustees of the Abdul Caffoor Trust) v Income Tax Comr, Colombo (1961), Burris v Azadani (1995), CA... 553, 612 PC... 293, 294 Burrough v Philcox (1840)... 35, 37 Cain v Moon (1896), DC... 125 Burroughs v Abbott (1922)... 710 Caird v Moss (1886), CA... 710 Burroughs-Fowler, Re, Trustee of the Property Calverley v Green (1984), HC of A... 190 of Burroughs-Fowler (a bankrupt) v Burroughs-Fowler (1916)... 79 Calvert v Godfrey (1843)... 493 Burrows and Burrows v Sharpe (1991), Calyx, The (1966)... 573 CA... 212 Cambridge Nutrition Ltd v BBC (1990), Burt, Boulton and Hayward v Bull (1895), CA... 586, 588 CA... 680 Cambridgeshire County Council v D (1998), Burton v Winters (1993), CA... 577 CA... 573 Buschau v Rogers Communications Inc Cambro Contractors Ltd v John Kennelly Sales (2004)... 502 Ltd (1994), CA... 704 Bushell, Re, ex p Izard (1883), CA... 680 Camdex International Ltd v Bank of Zambia (No 2) (1996), CA... 626 Bushnell, Re, Lloyds Bank Ltd v Murray (1975)... 266 Cameron (deceased), Re, (1999)... 186 Butler v Board of Trade (1971)... 619 Campbell v Frisbee (2002)... 617 Butler v Broadhead (1975)... 550 Campbell v Griffi n (2001)... 212, 214 Butler v Carter (1868)... 521 Campbell v Home (1842)... 407 Butlin’s Settlement Trusts, Re, Butlin v Butlin Campbell v MGN Ltd (2004)... 613, 614, 617, (1976)... 705, 708 618 Butt v Kelson (1952), CA sub nom Re Butt Campbell v Walker (1800)... 443 (1952)... 3, 486 Campden Charities, Re (1881), CA... 331 Butterworth v Walker (1864)... 668 Canada Permanent Trust Co and Beil, Re Buttle v Saunders (1950)... 417, 460 (1982)... 410 Buxton v Lister (1746)... 650 Canada Trust Co and Ontario Human Rights Commission, Re (1990), Ont CA... 225, 336 Buxton v Public Trustee (1962)... 274 Canadian Imperial Bank of Commerce v Bello Byford v Butler (2003)... 203 (1991), CA... 224 Byrchall v Bradford (1822)... 513 Canadian Imperial Bank of Commerce v Valley Byrne v Kinematograph Renters Society Ltd Credit Union Ltd (1989)... 532 (1958)... 611, 612 Cannon v Hartley (1949)... 110–112 Canson Enterprises Ltd v Broughton & Co C (1991)... 10 C (a minor) (wardship: medical treatment) (No Cant v Gregory (1894), CA... 125 2), Re (1990), CA... 554 Canterbury Orchestra Trust v Smitham CA Pacific Finance Ltd (in liquidation), Re (1978)... 264 (2000)... 52 Cantor Fitzgerald International v Bird CBS United Kingdom Ltd v Lambert (1983), (2002)... 599 CA... 631 Capell v Winter (1907)... 23, 24 CC v AB (2006)... 619 Capewell v Revenue and Customs CDE v MGN Ltd (2010)... 564 Commissioners (2007)... 679  Table of Cases xxv Capital Cameras Ltd v Harold Lines Ltd Challoner Club Ltd (in liquidation), Re (1991)... 629 (1997)... 59 Car and Universal Finance Co Ltd v Caldwell Chalmers v Pardoe (1963), PC... 206 (1965); affd (1965),CA... 691 Chamberlain, Re, Blanc v Blanc (1976)... 506 Carapiet’s Trusts, Re (2002)... 260, 292 Chamberlayne v Brockett (1872)... 255 Carl-Zeiss-Stifung v Herbert Smith & Co (a Chambers, ex p (1829)... 470 firm) (No 2) (1969), CA... 68, 166, 167 Chan v Cresdon Pty Ltd (1989)... 9 Carlile v LED Builders Pty Ltd (1999)... 635 Chan v Zacharia (1983), HC of A... 143 Carlton v Goodman (2002)... 70, 180, 181 Chandler v Kerley (1978), CA... 222, 223 Carlton Illustrators v Coleman & Co Ltd Channel Tunnel Group Ltd v Balfour Beatty (1911)... 556 Construction Ltd (1992), CA; affd (1993), Caroyo Property Ltd v Total Australia Ltd HL... 559, 628 (1987)... 102 Chaplin, Re, Neame v A-G (1933)... 271 Carpenters Estates Ltd v Davies (1940)... 657 Chapman, Re, Freeman v Parker (1894), Carpmael v Powis (1846)... 705 CA... 479 Carr-Saunders v Dick McNeil Associates Ltd Chapman v Browne (1902), CA... 422, 532 (1986)... 571 Chapman v Chapman. See Chapman’s Carreras Rothmans Ltd v Freeman Mathews Settlement Trusts, Re, Chapman v Chapman Treasure Ltd (1985)... 80 Chapman v Michaelson (1909), CA... 712 Carroll v Graham (1905), CA... 479 Chapman’s Settlement Trusts, Re, Chapman v Chapman (1953), CA; affd sub nom Chapman Carron Iron Co v Maclaren (1855)... 555 v Chapman (1954), HL... 463, 492, 494, 495 Carter v Sebright (1859)... 476 Chappell v Times Newspapers Ltd (1975), Carver v Duncan (Inspector of Taxes) (1985), CA... 660, 671 CA; affd (1985), HL... 434 Chapple, Re, Newton v Chapman (1884)... 438 Casimir v Alexander (2001)... 185 Chapter plc v City Index Ltd (2007)... 518 Casio Computer Ltd v Sayo (2001)... 163 Charge Card Services Ltd, Re (1986)... 481 Casson v University of Aston, in Birmingham Charles v Fraser (2010)... 139 (1983)... 319, 320, 321 Charles of the Ritz Group v Jory (1986)... 644 Castanho v Brown & Root (UK) Ltd Charlesworth, Re, Robinson v Archdeacon of (1981)... 628 Cleveland (1910)... 268 Castle Re, Nesbitt v Baugh (1916)... 411 Charrington v Simons & Co Ltd (1970); revsd Cater’s Trusts (No 2), Re (1858)... 410 (1971)... 557, 591, 605 Cato v Thompson (1882)... 663 Chartbook Ltd v Persimmon Homes Ltd Caton v Rideout (1849)... 191 (2009)... 704, 710 Cattley v Pollard (2006)... 527, 528, 529 Charter v Trevelyan (1844)... 699 Cavalier v Cavalier (1971)... 190 Charter plc v City Index Ltd (2007)... 159, 161 Cave v Cave (1880)... 24 Chase Manhattan Bank NA v Israel-British Bank (London) Ltd (1981)... 542 Cave v Robinson Jarvis & Rolf (a firm) (2002)... 528 Chater v Mortgage Agency Services Number Two Ltd (2003)... 695 Cavendish Browne’s Settlement Trusts, Re, Chaudhary v Yaunz (2011)... 170 Horner v Rawle (1916)... 116 Chaudhry v Chaudhry (1976); on appeal (1976), Cawdron v Merchant Taylors School CA... 204 (2009)... 251 Cheese v Thomas (1993), CA... 215, 691 Cayne v Global Natural Resources plc (1984), CA... 558, 585, 586, 587 Chellaram v Chellaram (1985)... 4, 386, 482, 555, 623, 651 Cazenove, Re (1919)... 412 Chellew v Excell (2009)... 445 Centre Trustees (CI) Ltd v Van Rooyen Chelsea (Viscount) v Muscatt (1990), (2010)... 491 CA... 604, 605 Chadwick v Heatley (1845)... 409 Chelsea Cloisters Ltd (in liquidation), Re (1980), Chaigley Farms Ltd v Crawford, Kaye & CA... 49 Grayshire Ltd (1996)... 542 Cheltenham and Gloucester Building Society v Chalinder and Herington, Re (1907)... 438 Ricketts (1993), CA... 580 xxvi Table of Cases Cherry v Boultbee (1829)... 407 C I Law Trustees v Minwalla (2005)... 244 Chessels v British Telecommunications plc Cia de Seguros Imperio (a body corporate) v (2002)... 481 Heath (REBX) Ltd (formerly CE Heath & Co Chettiar v Chettiar (1962)... 479 (North America) Ltd ) (2000), CA... 530 Chetwynd’s Settlement, Re, Scarisbrick v Circle Trust, Re (2007)... 491 Nevinson (1902)... 370, 386 Citibank NA v MBIA Assurance SA Chellew v Excell (2009)... 445 (2007)... 245 Chichester v M’Intire (1830)... 669 City and Westminster Properties (1934) Ltd v Mudd (1959)... 705 Chichester Diocesan Fund and Board of Finance Inc v Simpson (1944), HL... 58, 173, 249, Civilian War Claimants Association Ltd v R 254, 540 (1932), HL... 372 Chief Comr of Stamp Duties v ISPT Pty Ltd Clack v Carlon (1861)... 438 (1997)... 76, 104 Clapham, Re (2006)... 520 Chief Constable of Hampshire v A Ltd (1985), Claremont, Re (1923)... 41 CA... 554, 620 Clark, Re (1910)... 681 Chief Constable of Kent v V (1983), CA... 554, Clark v Clark (1884), PC... 444 620, 685 Clark v Clark (2006)... 214 Chief Constable of Leicestershire v M Clark v Girdwood (1877), CA... 706 (1988)... 620 Clark v University of Lincolnshire and Chief Constable of Surrey v A (1988)... 620 Humberside (2000), CA... 318 Chillingworth v Chambers (1896), CA... 518, Clarke, Re, Bracey v Royal National Lifeboat 519, 524 Institution (1923)... 254, 262, 289 Chinn v Collins (Inspector of Taxes) (1979); Clarke, Re, Clarke v Clarke (1901)... 64 revsd (1981), HL... 650 Clarke v Chadburn (1985)... 574 Chinnock v Sainsbury (1860)... 658 Clarke v Cutland (2003)... 540 Chiron Corpn v Murere Diagnostics Ltd (No 9) Clarke v Dickson (1858)... 699 (1995)... 600 Clarke v Harlowe (2005)... 181 Chiron Corpn v Organon Teknika Ltd (No 10) (1995)... 565 Clarke v Heathfield (1985), CA... 681 Clarke v Heathfield (No 2) (1985)... 386 Chisholm, Re, Legal Reversionary Society v Knight (1898)... 388 Clarke v Hogg (1871)... 472 Chisholm v Kirklees Metropolitan Borough Clarke v Meadus (2010)... 195 Council (1993)... 583 Clarke v Price (1819)... 658 Chocosuisse Union des Fabricants Suisses de Clarke v Swaile (1762)... 446 Chocolat v Cadbury Ltd (1997); on appeal Clarke v Wright (1861), Ex Ch... 108 (1999), CA... 598 Clarkson v Robinson (1900)... 438 Chohan v Saggar (1994), CA... 240, 241 Clasper Group Services Ltd, Re (1989)... 160 Choithram (T) International SA v Pagarani Clay v Pennington (1837)... 474 (2000), PC... 107 Clayhope Properties Ltd v Evans (1986), Choudhri v Palta (1994), CA... 679 CA... 684 Christ’s College, Cambridge Case (1757)... 264 Clay v Pennington (1837)... 474 Christ’s Hospital v Grainger (1849)... 255, 256 Clayton v Ramsden (1943), HL... 231 Christian v Christian (1981), CA... 211 Cleaver, Re, Cleaver v Insley (1981)... 138, 139 Christian Brothers of Ireland in Canada, Re Clef Aquitaine SARL v Laporte Materials (2000)... 298 (Barrow) Ltd (sued as Sovereign Chemicals Christie v Ovington (1875)... 76 Industries Ltd) (2001), CA... 516 Christmas’ Settlement Trusts, Re (1986)... 504 Clegg v Edmondson (1857)... 143, 185 Church (Charles) Developments plc v Cronin Clement v Cheesman (1884)... 127 (1990)... 627 Clements, Re, Clements v Pearsall Churchill, Re, Hiscock v Lodder (1909)... 468 (1894)... 468 Churchill v Roach (2004)... 200, 211 Clergy Society, Re (1856)... 267 Chwee Kin Keong v Digilandmall. com Pte Ltd Cleveland Literary and Philosophical Society’s (2005)... 698 Land, Re, Bolchow v Laughton (1931)... 375  Table of Cases xxvii Clinton v Hooper (1791)... 191 Coleman, Re, Henry v Strong (1888), CA... 81 Clipper Maritime Co Ltd of Monrovia v Coleman v Bucks and Oxon Union Bank Mineralimportexport, The Marie Leonhardt (1897)... 167 (1981)... 631, 634 Coleman Taymar Ltd v Oakes (2001)... 531 Clissold’s Settlement, Re (1864)... 372 Coles v Hulme (1828)... 703 Clitheroe’s Settlement Trusts, Re (1959)... 502 Coles v Sims (1854)... 597 Clore v Theatrical Properties Ltd and Westby & Coles v Trecothick (1804)... 446 Co Ltd (1936), CA... 223 Coles v William Hill Organisation Ltd Clore’s Settlement Trusts, Re, Sainer v Clore (1998)... 706, 707 (1966)... 471 Collett v Morrison (1851)... 702 Close Trustees (Switzerland) SA v Castro Collier (deceased), Re (1998)... 346 (2008)... 478 Collier v Collier (2002)... 234 Clough v London and North Western Rly Co Collier v Mason (1858)... 669 (1871)... 699, 700 Collings v Lee (2001)... 542 Clough v Ratcliffe (1847)... 712 Collins, Re, Collins v Collins (1886)... 493 Clough Mill Ltd v Martin (1984), CA... 32 Collins v Barker (1893)... 678 Clout and Frewer’s Contract, Re (1924)... 383 Collins v Brebner (2000), CA... 510 Cloutte v Storey (1911)... 487 Colls v Home and Colonial Stores Ltd (1904), Cylch, Re (2000)... 274 HL... 569 Coake, Re, Winckley v Winterton (1922)... 667 Columbia Picture Industries Inc v Robinson Coates, Re, Ramsden v Coates (1955)... 54 (1986)... 642, 644, 645, 647 Coates to Parsons, Re (1886)... 365 Colyear v Lady Mulgrave (1836)... 116 Coats’ Trusts, Re, Coats v Gilmour (1948), CA ; Combe, Re, Combe v Combe (1925)... 36 affd sub nom v Coats (1949), HL... 285, 286 Combs, Re (1884)... 385 Coatsworth v Johnson (1886), CA... 26, 673 Comiskey v Bowring-Hanbury (1905), HL... 50 Cobbetts LLP v Hodge (2009)... 148 Commercial Bank of the Near East plc v A, B, C Cobra Golf Inc v Rata (1996)... 643, 644 and D (1989)... 630 Coca-Cola Co v Gilbey (1995)... 647 Commerzbank AG v Gareth Price-Jones Coca Cola Co and Schweppes Ltd v Gilbey (2003)... 551 (1996), CA... 637 Commerzbank Aktiengesellschaft v IMB Cochrane v Moore (1890), CA... 103 Morgan plc (2004)... 542, 547 Cochrane’s Settlement Trusts, Re (1955)... 174 Commission for the New Towns v Cooper (Great Britain) Ltd (1995), CA... 707 Cockburn v Edwards (1881), CA... 446 Commissioner of Stamp Duties v Byrnes Cockburn’s Will Trusts, Re, Cockburn v Lewis (1911)... 185 (1957)... 40, 42 Commonwealth Reserve I v Chodar (2001) Cockell v Taylor (1851)... 669 (NZ)... 72 Cockerell’s Settlement Trusts, Re, Cockerell v Compagnie du Senegal v Smith & Co National Provincial Bank Ltd (1956)... 496 (1883)... 683 Cocks v Manners (1871)... 285 Company’s Application, a, Re (1989)... 615 Coco v AN Clark (Engineers) Ltd (1969)... 616 Compton, Re, Powell v Compton (1945), Coflexip SA v Stolt Comex Seaway MS Ltd CA... 286–288, 292 (1999); on appeal (2000), CA... 594 Connell v Bond Corpn Pty (1992)... 84 Cogent v Gibson (1864)... 654 Conroy, Re (1973)... 346 Cohen, Re, Cowan v Cohen (1973)... 293 Conservative and Unionist Central Office v Cohen v Roche (1927)... 89 Burrell (Inspector of Taxes) (1980); affd Cohen’s Settlement Trusts, Re, Eliot-Cohen v (1982), CA... 61, 172 Cohen (1965)... 502 Consiglio Trusts, Re (1973)... 386 Cohen’s Will Trusts, Re, Re Cohen’s Settlement Constantinidi v Ralli (1935)... 708 Trusts (1959)... 503 Consterdine v Consterdine (1862)... 402 Cole, Re, ex p Trustee of Property of Bankrupt v Construction Industry Training Board v A-G Cole (1964), CA... 103 (1973), CA... 260 Cole, Re, Westminster Bank Ltd v Moore (1958), Conway v Fenton (1888)... 493 CA... 275 Conway v Ratini (2005)... 443 xxviii Table of Cases Conybeare’s Settlement, ex p (1853)... 372 Cowper v Laidler (1903)... 565 Conyngham v Conyngham (1750)... 382 Cowper v Stoneham (1893)... 516 Coode, Re, Coode v Foster (1913)... 373 Cox v Barnard (1850)... 118 Cook, Re, Beck v Grant (1948)... 48 Cox v Jones (2004)... 220 Cook v Andrews (1897)... 683 Cox v Middleton (1854)... 652 Cook v Thomas (2010)... 208 Cox v Smith (1868)... 670 Cook’s Settlement Trusts, Re, Royal Exchange Coxen, Re, McCallum v Coxen (1948)... 251, Assurance v Cook (1965)... 109, 110, 119 483 Cooke v Clayworth (1811)... 670 Coys v Autocherish Ltd (2004)... 591 Cooke v Cooke (1987)... 200 Cozens, Re, Green v Brisley (1913)... 104 Cooke v Gilbert (1892), CA... 604 CPT Custodian Property Ltd v Commissioner of Cooke v Head (1972), CA... 72 State Revenue (2005)... 17 Cookson v Lee (1853), CA... 444 Crabb v Arun District Council (1976), CA... 207, 212, 213, 216 Coombes v Smith (1986)... 207, 222 Crabb v Crabb (1834)... 185 Cooper (Colin), Re, Le Neve-Foster v National Provincial Bank Ltd (1939), CA... 138 Craddock Bros Ltd v Hunt (1923), CA... 701, 704 Cooper v PRG Powerhouse Ltd (2008)... 178 Cradock v Piper (1850)... 438 Cooper and Allen’s Contract for Sale to Harlech, Re (1876)... 459, 460 Cradock v Scottish Provident Institution (1893); affd (1894), CA... 686 Co-operative Insurance Society Ltd v Argyll Stores (Holdings) Ltd (1997), HL... 655, 656 Cradock v Witham (1895)... 365 Co-operative Insurance Society Ltd v Crane v Davis (1981)... 183 Centremoor Ltd (1983), CA... 705 Crane v Hegeman-Harris Co Inc (1939); on Cooper’s Conveyance Trusts Re, Crewdson v appeal (1939), CA... 703, 710 Bagot (1956)... 174, 255, 335 Cranleigh Precision Engineering Ltd v Bryant Corelli, Re, Watt v Bridges (1943)... 273 (1964)... 614 Corin v Patton (1990)... 88 Cranston, Re, Webb v Oldfield (1898)... 281 Cornish v Midland Bank plc (Humes, third Cranstoun, Re, National Provincial Bank party) (1985), CA... 699 v Royal Society for the Encouragement of Arts, Manufacturers and Commerce Corsellis, Re, Lawton v Elwes (1887), CA... 438 (1932)... 273 Corvisy v Corvisy (1982)... 612 Craven (Inspector of Taxes) v White (1989), Costa & Duppe Properties Pty Ltd v Duppe HL... 28 (1986)... 18, 85 Craven’s Estate, Re, Lloyds Bank v Cockburn Cothay v Sydenham (1788)... 407 (1937)... 125, 126, 128, 496 Cottam v Eastern Counties Rly Co Crawley Borough Council v Ure (1995), (1860)... 400 CA... 486 Cotter Re, Jennings v Nye (1915)... 370, 373 Crawley Model Railway Society, Re Coulthard v Disco Mix Club Ltd (1999)... 529, (2006)... 284 530 Creaglean v Hazen (1999)... 48 Coulthurst, Re, Coutts & Co v Coulthurst (1951), Cream Holdings Ltd v Banerjee (2004)... 590, CA... 262, 293 591 Countryside Residential (North Thames Ltd) v Credit Lyonnais Bank Nederland NV v Burch A Child (2000), CA... 224 (1996), CA... 697 Courage Group’s Pension Schemes, Re, Credit Suisse Fides Trust SA v Cuoghi (1997), Ryan v Imperial Brewing and Leisure Ltd CA... 628, 630, 643 (1987)... 179 Crest Homes plc v Marks (1987), HL... 644 Courtenay v Courtenay (1846)... 386 Crisp v Mullings (1974); on appeal (1975), Cowan v Scargill (1985)... 19, 373, 397, 416, CA... 190 424, 428 Criterion Properties plc v Stratford UK Cowan de Groot Properties Ltd v Eagle Trust plc Properties LLC (2004)... 156 (1992)... 163 Crofton v Ormsby (1806)... 674 Cowcher v Cowcher (1972)... 7 Crompton & Co Ltd, Re, Player v Crompton & Cowley (Lord) v Byas (1877), CA... 562 Co Ltd (1914)... 682  Table of Cases xxix Croome v Croome (1888), CA; affd (1889), DPR Futures Ltd, Re (1989)... 632 HL... 175 D’Abo v Paget (2000)... 480 Cross, Re, Harston v Tenison (1882), CA... 522 Dacre, Re, Whitaker v Dacre (1916) CA... 518 Crossco No 4 Unlimited v Jolan Ltd (2011)... 73, D’Adhemar (Viscountess) v Bertrand 220 (1865)... 362, 377, 378 Crow v Wood (1850)... 680 Dadourian Group International Inc v Simms Crowden v Aldridge (1993)... 41 (2006)... 638, 639 Crowe, Re (1979)... 339 Dagle, Re (1990)... 185 Crowe v Appleby (Inspector of Taxes) (1975); Dagnall v JL Freedman & Co (a firm) (1993), affd (1976),CA... 412 HL... 479 Crowe v Stevedoring Employees Retirement Daiches v Bluelake Investments Ltd Fund Pty Ltd (2003)... 403 (1985)... 684 Crowhurst Park, Re, Sims-Hilditch v Simmons Dale, Re, Proctor v Dale (1994)... 139 (1974)... 366 Dale v IRC (1954), HL... 438 Crown Dilman plc v Sutton (2004)... 152 Daley’s Estate, Re (1988)... 249 Crowther v Brophy (1992)... 62 Crutchley v Jerningham (1817)... 651 Dalgety Wine Estates Pty Ltd v Rizzon (1979)... 604 Cud v Rutter sub nom Cuddee v Rutter (1720)... 653 d’Altroy’s Will Trusts, Re, Crane v Lowman (1968)... 173 Cuff Knox, Re (1963)... 85 Daly v Sydney Stock Exchange (1986), HC of Cull’s Trusts, Re (1875)... 407, 485 A... 176 Cullen v A-G for Ireland (1866)... 131 Dalziel, Re, Midland Bank Executor and Cumberland Consolidated Holdings Ltd v Trustee Co Ltd v St Bartholomew’s Hospital Ireland (1946), CA... 168 (1943)... 256 Cummins, Re, Cummins v Thompson (1971), Dance v Goldingham (1873)... 460, 623 CA... 194 Danchevsky v Danchevsky (1975), CA... 577 Cummins v Perkins (1899), CA... 683 Cunnack v Edwards (1896), CA... 66 D’Angibau, Re, Andrews v Andrews (1879), CA... 110, 118 Cunningham and Bradley’s Contract for Sale to Wilson, Re (1877)... 376 Daniel v Drew (2005)... 694 Cunningham and Frayling, Re (1891)... 76 Daniel v Ferguson (1891), CA... 559 Curley v Parkes (2004)... 181 Daniells v Mendonca (1999), CA... 568 Curnick v Tucker (1874)... 49 Daniels v Daniels’ Estate (1992)... 63 Curnock v CIR (2003)... 128 Danish Bacon Co Ltd Staff Pension Fund, Re, Currant v Jago (1844)... 184, 186 Christensen v Arnett (1971)... 92, 96 Currie, Re , McClelland v Gamble (1985)... 339 Dann v Spurrier (1802)... 208 Curtis, Re, Hawes v Curtis (1885)... 190, 343 Darashah v UFAC (UK) Ltd (1982), CA... 631 Curtis v Perry (1802)... 233 Dargie, Re, Miller Thornton-Jones (1954)... 478 Customs and Excise Comrs v Anchor Foods Ltd (1999)... 583, 633 Darke v Williamson (1855)... 476 Customs and Excise Comrs v Barclays Bank plc Darling, Re, Farquhar v Darling (1896)... 269 (2006)... 627, 634 Darlington Borough Council v Wiltshier Customs and Excise Comrs v Richmond Theatre Northern Ltd (1994), CA... 113 Management Ltd (1995)... 49 Darlow v Sparks (1938)... 127 Cutler v Wandsworth Stadium Ltd (1949), Darwin Cyclone Tracy Relief Fund Trust, Re HL... 556 (1979)... 259 Dashwood v Lord of Bulkeley (1804)... 231 D Dataforce Pty Ltd v Brambles Holdings Ltd D (a child) v O (2004)... 474, 505 (1988)... 607 D (a minor), Re (1992), CA... 555 Davenport v Bishopp (1843); affd (1846)... 109, D (statutory will), Re (2011)... 47 119 DFT v TDF (2010)... 563 David (Lawrence) Ltd v Ashton (1991), DHN Food Distributors Ltd v Tower Hamlets CA... 589 London Borough Council (1976), CA... 169, Davies (Paul A) (Australia) Pty Ltd (in 222, 224 liquidation) v Davies (1983)... 152 xxx Table of Cases Davies v Otty (No 2) (1865)... 98 De Mestre v West (1891), PC... 108 Davies v Perpetual Trustee, Co Ltd (1959), De Molestian v Ponton (2002)... 700 PC... 287 Denley’s Trust Deed, Re, Holman v HH Martyn Davies v Sharples (2006)... 528, 530 & Co Ltd (1969)... 61, 66 Davies’ Trusts, Re (1914)... 485 Denman v Lord Chancellor’s Department Davis, Re, Hannen v Hillyer (1902)... 346 (2004)... 321 Davis v Duke of Marlborough (1819)... 711 Denne v Light (1857)... 670 Davis v Hone (1805)... 650, 672 Dennis v McDonald (1982), CA... 203 Davis v Hutchings (1907)... 407 Dennis v Ministry of Defence (2003)... 601 Davis v Richards and Wallington Industries Ltd Den Norske Bank ASA v Antonatos (1998), (1991)... 75, 173, 179 CA... 638, 643, 644, 647 Davstone Estates Ltd’s Leases, Re, Manprop Ltd Denny v Hancock (1870)... 668 v O’Dell (1969)... 483 Densham (a bankrupt), Re, ex p trustee of Davy v Scarth (1906)... 679 bankrupt v Densham (1975)... 99 Davy International Ltd v Tazzyman (1997), Dent v Dent (1995)... 169 CA... 576 Department of Environment, Food and Rural Dawkins, Re, Dawkins v Judd (1986)... 243 Affairs v Feakins (2004)... 240 Dawson’s Settlement, Re, Lloyds Bank Ltd v Department of Social Security v Butler (1995), Dawson (1966)... 174 CA... 628 Day v Brownrigg (1878), CA... 553 Deputy Comr of Taxation (NSW) v Day v Mead (1987), NZCA... 7 Chamberlain (1990)... 668 Deakins v Hookings (1993)... 605 Derby & Co Ltd v Weldon (1990)... 636, 637 Dean, Re, Cooper-Dean v Stevens (1889)... 62, Derby & Co Ltd v Weldon (No 2) (1989), 275 CA... 625, 629, 631, 636, 639, 683 Dean v Stout (The trustee in bankruptcy of Derby & Co Ltd v Weldon (Nos 3 and 4) (1990), Dean) (2005)... 203 CA... 625, 629, 636, 639, 683 Dean and Westham Holdings Pty Ltd v Lloyd Derby & Co Ltd v Weldon (No 6) (1990), (1990)... 102, 654 CA... 625, 626, 635, 637 Dean’s Will Trusts, Re, Cowan v Board of Derry v Peek (1889), HL... 692 Governors of St Mary’s Hospital, Paddington Deschamps v Miller (1908)... 555 (1950)... 271 De Sommery, Re, Coelenbier v De Sommery Dearle v Hall (1823)... 407 (1912)... 383 De Bruyne v De Bruyne (2010)... 73 De Teissier’s Settled Estates, Re, Re De Debtor, Re, ex p Debtor v Dodwell (Trustee) Teis