Bones of the Pelvis and Femur PDF

ANAT1011: Bones of the Pelvis & Femur S.FEARON  Anatomy Review Pelvis Consists of four bones Right and left innominate, or hip bones Sacrum Coccyx Serves as a base for the trunk and a girdle for the attachment of the lower limbs...

ANAT1011: Bones of the Pelvis & Femur S.FEARON  Anatomy Review Pelvis Consists of four bones Right and left innominate, or hip bones Sacrum Coccyx Serves as a base for the trunk and a girdle for the attachment of the lower limbs Copyright © 2019 by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 2  Composed of only the two hip bones Other names Pelvic Girdle Os coxae Innominate Each bone has three parts Ilium Ischium Pubis These three bones come together to form the acetabulum The cup-shaped socket that articulates with the head of the femur Copyright © 2019 by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 3  Consists of a body and a Ilium broad, curved portion called the ala Body forms superior two-fifths of acetabulum Four prominent processes Anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS) Anterior inferior iliac spine Posterior superior iliac spine Posterior inferior iliac spine Superior margin is called the iliac crest Posterior inferior part ends in the greater sciatic notch Copyright © 2019 by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 4  Ischium Consists of Body Ischial ramus Body forms posterior two- fifths of acetabulum Ischial ramus joins with inferior ramus of pubis Ischial tuberosity Expanded portion on which the trunk rests when seated Ischial spine Located on upper, posterior part of body Lesser sciatic notch Indentation just below ischial spine Copyright © 2018, Elsevier Inc. All Rights 5   Reserved.  Pubis (Pubic Bone) Consists of Body Superior ramus Inferior ramus Body forms approximately one-fifth of anterior acetabulum Obturator foramen Formed by junction of ischial ramus and pubis inferior ramus Copyright © 2018, Elsevier Inc. All Rights 6   Reserved.  Bony Landmarks of Pelvis Copyright © 2018, Elsevier Inc. All Rights Reserved.  7  True and False Pelvis As this anterior view shows, the pelvis is continuous with the abdominal cavity at the level of the iliac crests, where the greater pelvis begins. The greater pelvis is flanked by the ala of the iliac bones. The perineum lies inferior to the pelvis and includes the external genitalia and anal canal. Copyright © 2018, Elsevier Inc. All Rights Reserved.  8  The female pelvis. A, Pelvis viewed from above. Note that the brim of the true pelvis (dotted line) marks the boundary between the superior false pelvis (pelvis major) and the inferior true pelvis (pelvis minor). B and C, Pelvis viewed from below. 9 Birth Canal Copyright © 2018, Elsevier Inc. All Rights Reserved.  10 Male and Female Pelvises Male pelvis: Deep, funnel-shaped, with a narrow pubic arch Female pelvis: Shallow, broad, and fl aring, with a wider pubic arch The obturator foramina in the female are more oval and, in the male, more Drawings From Patton KT, Thibodeau G: Human body in Photos from Abrahams P, Marks S, Hutchings R: McMinn’s health & disease, ed 7, St. Louis, 2018, Mosby. color atlas of human anatomy, ed 5, Philadelphia, 2003, 11 round. Mosby.  Joints of the Pelvis Sacroiliac (SI) joints Articulation between the right and left ilia and the sacrum Irregular, gliding type Hip joints Articulation of the head of the femora with the acetabula Synovial, ball-and-socket type Pubic symphysis Junction of right and left pubic bones in the midline Fibro-Cartilaginous, slightly movable joint Copyright © 2018, Elsevier Inc. All Rights Reserved. 12  Joints & Ligaments of Pelvis Joints Classificati Mobility Movement on Type Type Sacroiliac Synovial Amphiarthro Limited (2) dial Hip (2) Synovial Diarthrodial Spheroidal Symphysis Cartilaginou Amphiarthro Limited pubis s dial Union of Cartilaginou Synarthrodi Immovable acetabulu s al m (2) 13 Anatomy Review AP Pelvis Ilium Copyright © 2018, Elsevier Inc. All Rights  14  Reserved. Femur Classified as a long bone Largest bone in the body Head Proximal, rounded end Articulates with acetabulum of pelvis to form hip joint Neck Slender region just below head Shaft gluteal tuberosity - attachment for the gluteus maximus. linea aspera - an attachment site for thigh adductors. Copyright © 2019 by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 15  Greater trochanter Large prominent, palpable process at proximal end on lateral side Lesser trochanter Proximal Femur Located medial and posterior surface Fovea or depression, where the ligament of the head of femur attaches. Copyright © 2019 by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 16 Distal Femur Epicondyles Distal end, just above condyles Designated as medial and lateral Condyles Expanded, palpable distal ends Medial and lateral articulate with tibia to form knee joint Intercondylar fossa Depression between condyles on posterior surface Copyright © 2019 by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 17 18  Angles of Proximal Femur Neck to shaft (≈125°) Longitudinal (≈10°) Anterior angle (≈15° to 20°) Copyright © 2018, Elsevier Inc. All Rights Reserved.  19 Internal Rotation vs. External Rotation Copyright © 2018, Elsevier Inc. All Rights Reserved. 20 Femoral Head and Neck Localization Copyright © 2018, Elsevier Inc. All Rights Reserved. 21 Muscle Attachment 22 From Abrahams P, Marks S, Hutchings R: McMinn’s color atlas of human anatomy, ed 5, Philadelphia, 2003, Mosby. Anatomic Position (True AP of Knee, Leg, and Ankle—Not Hip) Copyright © 2018, Elsevier Inc. All Rights Reserved. 23 Pathology Fracture Pott - Avulsion fracture of the medial malleolus with loss of the ankle mortise Jones - Avulsion fracture of the base of the fifth metatarsal Congenital clubfoot Abnormal twisting of the foot, usually inward and downward Paget disease Chronic metabolic disease of bone marked by weakened, deformed, and thickened bone that fractures easily Osteoarthritis or degenerative disease Form of arthritis marked by progressive cartilage deterioration in synovial joints and vertebrae Osteomalacia or rickets Softening of the bones due to Vit. D deficiency Review Question Q1. The depression or pit Q2. Which of the bones of located at the center of the the pelvic girdle is the femoral head is the: largest? A. Acetabulum A. Ilium B. Femoral fossa B. Ischium C. Fovea capitis C. Pubis D. Ossa coxa D. Coccyx Copyright © 2018, Elsevier Inc. All Rights Reserved. 26 Review Question Q1. Which of the following Q2. The “false pelvis” forms bony landmarks is located the birth canal in females. posterior to the acetabulum? A. True A. ASIS B. False B. Ischial tuberosity C. Iliac crest D. Ischial spine Copyright © 2018, Elsevier Inc. All Rights Reserved. 27 Review Question Q1. The pubic arch of the Q2.What is the joint male pelvis forms an acute classification of the angle (90°). symphysis pubis? A. True A. Amphiarthrodial B. False B. Synarthrodial C. Diarthrodial D. The symphysis pubis is fused; therefore it is not an actual joint Copyright © 2018, Elsevier Inc. All Rights Reserved. 28  Review Question Q1. Which palpable Q2. Which of the following landmark is at the same compose the hip bone? level as the pubic (1) Pubis (2) Ileum (3) symphysis? Ischium a. Iliac crest a. 1 and 2 only b. Anterior superior iliac b. 1 and 3 only spine (ASIS) c. 2 and 3 only c. Greater trochanter d. 1, 2, and 3 d. Lesser trochanter 29 Copyright © 2019 by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.