Body Mechanics PDF

BODY MECHANICS BY: Ayman Muhammad Kamel Senosy LECTURARE IN MEDICAL SURGICAL NURSING FACULTY OF NURSING-AIN SHAMS UNIVERSITY OBJECTIVES At the end of this lecture the student should be able to:  Define the key terms included in the lecture.  List Purposes of using good body mechanics...

BODY MECHANICS BY: Ayman Muhammad Kamel Senosy LECTURARE IN MEDICAL SURGICAL NURSING FACULTY OF NURSING-AIN SHAMS UNIVERSITY OBJECTIVES At the end of this lecture the student should be able to:  Define the key terms included in the lecture.  List Purposes of using good body mechanics  Define Balance  Define Body alignment  Check point  Identify the factors affecting body alignments and mobility  List principles of body mechanics  List principles of body mechanics in:(Lifting, Holding, Pushing, and Reaching an object)  1. Objectives 2. Definitions of the key terms included in the OUTLINES lecture. 3. Introduction 4. Purposes of using good body mechanics 5. Balance 6. Body alignment 7. Check point 8. Factors affecting body alignments and mobility 9. Principles of body mechanics 10.Principles of body mechanics in: (Lifting, Holding, Pushing, and Reaching an object)  INTRODUCTION Because correct use of body mechanics is another phase of illness prevention and health promotion, the nurse has a major responsibility to follow good body mechanics. Nursing is a job that needs a lot of bending our backs, flexing our arms and legs and pushing and pulling patients. Because of this, many nurses are at risk for developing physical strain and back injuries or even fractures. One way to prevent these from happening is to practice proper body mechanics. PURPOSES OF USING BODY MECHANICS Correct application of body mechanics enables the nurse to use certain muscle 1. group when completing nursing care. Minimize fatigue so a person can carry out a physical activity without using 2. excessive muscle energy. Correct body mechanics protect and reduce risk from injury to the musculoskeletal 3. system for both the nurse and the patient. Correct uses of body mechanics provide the nurse with a basic knowledge for 4. assessing a patient's body alignment, position and further reduce the risk from immobility. DEFINITION OF KEY TERMS OF BODY MECHANICS  Body mechanics: Body mechanics are the coordinated effort of the musculoskeletal and nervous system to maintain proper balance, posture and body alignment during lifting, bending, moving and performing activities of daily living.  Body alignment: Body alignment is the placing of the human body in appropriate anatomic position, whether standing or lying.  Balance Balance is a state of equilibrium in which an object or the person is said to be stable.  Gravity: Gravity is the force that attracts or pulls things toward the earth.  Center of gravity: Center of gravity is an imaginary point that lies in the second sacral vertebra.  Line of gravity: Line of gravity is an imaginary vertical line that passes through the center of gravity in the frontal plane.  DEFINITION OF KEY TERMS OF BODY MECHANICS Base of support: Base of support is the area underlying an object or person on which the object or person rests.  Balance: o Balance is a state of equilibrium in which an object is said to be stable o An object is balanced when its center of gravity is close to its base of support, the line of gravity goes through the base of support and the object has a wide base of support. o The wider the base of support and the lower the center of gravity, the greater the stability of the object and decrease and the possibility of failing.  Body alignment o Body alignment refers to the condition or the way of the joints, tendon, ligaments and muscles are arranged in various body positions. o So proper body alignment contributes to body balance and no excessive strain is put on joints, tendon, ligaments and muscles. THE CHECK POINTS FOR PROPER BODY ALIGNMENT ARE AS FOLLOWS 1. Head up with eye straight ahead. 2. Neck and back straight and parallel. 3. Arms relaxed or supported at sides. 4. Chest is out & Abdomen in. 5. Legs parallel to the hips ad knee slightly flexed. 6. Feet apart and parallel to the legs with toes pointed upward and slightly outward.  I---- Basic principles of proper body mechanics: Keep weight balanced above base of support. Enlarge base of support as necessary to increase body's stability. TECHNIQUES FOR USING PROPER BODY Lower center of gravity toward base of support as MECHANICS necessary. Enlarge base of support in direction in which force is to be applied. Tighten abdominal and gluteal muscles in preparation for all activities. Face in direction of the task. Turn body in one plane.  Bend hip and knees rather than back when lifting. Move objects on level surface when possible. Slide rather than left objects on smooth surface when possible. TECHNIQUES FOR Hold object close to body, and stand close to objects to be USING PROPER BODY moved. MECHANICS Use body's weight to assist in lifting or moving when possible. Use smooth motions and reasonable speed when carrying out tasks. When moving patients, use pulling motion whenever possible. Raise the working surface to your waist level when possible.  MOVING CLIENTS AND OTHER OBJECTS HERE ARE SOME GUIDELINES INTO HOW TO PROPERLY MOVE CLIENTS AND OTHER OBJECTS ON THE WORK AREA USING PROPER BODY MECHANICS: Pulling Pushing 1. Stay close to the subject being pulled. 1. Stay close to the subject being pushed. 2. Place one foot in front of the other. 2. Place one foot in front of the other 3. Hold the subject, flex your elbows and lean your 3. Place the hands on the subject, flex your elbows and body away from the subject. lean to the subject. 4. Shift your weight away from the subject. 4. Place the weight from your flexor to the extensor 5. Avoid any unnecessary movements. portions of your leg. 5. Apply pressure with the use of your leg muscles. 6. To prevent fatigue, provide alternate rest periods. 6. To prevent fatigue, provide alternate rest periods. LIFTING AND CARRYING Evaluate the weight of object you trying to lift or move. Squat down, keep your back straight Lift the load smoothly, don’t jerk it up Face the direction of task Turn body in one plane Bend hip and knee rather than back HOLDING OBJECT Carry object close to your body Use your entire hand rather than fingers REACHING Stand directly in front of and close to the object. Avoid twisting or stretching. Use a stool or ladder for high objects. Maintain a good balance and a firm base of support. Before moving the object, be sure that it is not too large or too heavy.  FACTORS AFFECTING BODY ALIGNMENT AND MOBILITY 1) Developmental considerations 2) Physical health 3) Pathological conditions affect on body alignment and mobility 4) Mental health 5) Lifestyle variables 6) Attitude and value: 7) Fatigue and stress: 8) External factors: QUESTIONS 1-Define the following terms................. ? Balance Line of gravity 2-List 4 purposes for body mechanics