Body Fluids & Bloods Composition & Functions PDF

20-12-2021 Body Fluids Bloods Composition & Functions Dr. Rajesh Choudhary M. Pharm. (Pharmacology), Ph. D. www.youtube.com/pharmacologyconceptsbyrajeshchoudhary www.pharmacyconcepts.com Disclaimers: Co...

20-12-2021 Body Fluids Bloods Composition & Functions Dr. Rajesh Choudhary M. Pharm. (Pharmacology), Ph. D. www.youtube.com/pharmacologyconceptsbyrajeshchoudhary www.pharmacyconcepts.com Disclaimers: Content of the slide is taken from various books, online contents and google images for the education purpose only. Body Fluids Human Body contains many types of fluids with different compositions and functions The important Body Fluids are: Blood Urine Saliva Milk Cerebrospinal fluids Veginal Fluids and Seminal fluids Aqueous humour 1  20-12-2021 Body Fluids Adult Body (60 Kg) Fluids Components Total Volume (33 L) (55% of Body Wt) Extracellular Intracellular Fluids (11L) Fluids (22L) Intravascular Extravascular Fluids Fluids (8.5L) (Plasma; 2.5L) Blood Haemotolgy (Gk: haeme – blood and logos – study) The branch of science concerned with the study of blood, blood- forming tissues, and the disorders associated with them is called haematology. Human Blood is a type of fluid connective tissue, which helps to communications between Body Systems/organs/Tissues/Cells BASIC PROPERTIES Amount: 8% of body weight (5-6L) Colour: Bright red in Artery and dark red in veins pH: Slightly alkaline (7.35-7.45) Temp: 380 C (100.4 F) Viscosity: 3-4 times higher than Water 2  20-12-2021 Blood COMPOSITIONS Blood Blood Cells Plasma (55%) (45%) RBC WBC Platelats (Erythrocyte; (Leucocytes) (Thrombocytes) 44%) Blood 1. Plasma: Plasma is a pale yellow coloured liquid component of a blood that holds the cellular elements of blood in suspension Plasma Proteins Others Water (91.5%) (7%) Solutes (1.5%) Electrolytes (Na+, K+, Ca2+, Cl-, Albumins Mg2+, HCO3-) Nutrients (Glucose, Amino Globulins acid, Fatty Acid Fibrinogen Gases (O2,CO2, N2) Waste Products (Urea,Amonia, Creatinine) 3  20-12-2021 Blood Plasma Constituents and their Function: Water: Absorb, transport and release heat and works as a media. Albumins: maintain plasma osmotic pressure and act as a carrier protein for various acidic drugs Globuline: Défense mechanism (Antibodies), transportation of some hormone (thyroglobulin, carries the thyroxine and transferrin) Clotting Factors (Fibrinogen): For blood coagulation Electrolyte: pH buffering, and regulate some basic physiology like Na+ - impulse generation Ca2+- muscle contraction K+ Impulse conduction Cl- hyperpolarization Mg2+ - Stabilization PO43-, HCO3- Acid base balanve (maintain blood pH 7.4) Nutrients: for energy, heat, repair and replacement Blood 2. Blood Cells A. Red Blood Cells (RBC; Erythrocytes) 99% of blood cells Shape: Circular biconcave non-nucleated Size: Diameter = 7 – 8 μm, Thickness = 2.5 μm Colour: Red (haemoglobin pigment) Count: Adult male = 5.4 million RBCs/μL, Adult female = 4.8 million RBCs/μL Life Span- 120 days Production (Erythropoiesis, 7days): Adults: Red bone marrow of long bones (hip bone, breast bone & ribs) Child: Bone marrow of all the bones Foetus: Liver & spleen Increase RBCs- Polycythemia Decrease RBCs- Erythropenia 4  20-12-2021 Blood 2. Blood Cells A. Red Blood Cells (RBC; Erythrocytes) Major Function: Transportation of the Gases (O2 and CO2) between Lungs and Tissues Normal blood contains 13 – 15 g of Hb per 100 ml of blood (Hb: 13-15 g%) 1Hb contains 4 haem unit + 4 globin chain 1 Haem unit contains 4 Fe2+ 1 Fe2+ combines with 1 molecule of O2 Each molecule of Hb carries four molecules of oxygen One RBC contains about 250-280 M molecules of Hb 1 RBC carries: >1000 M molecules of O2 Blood 2. Blood Cells B. White Blood Cells (WBC; Leucocytes) Largest blood cells, 1% of Blood Cells They contains nuclei and Granules Shape: Amoeboid nucleated Size: 12 – 15 μm Colour: Colourless & translucent Count: 5000 – 10000 WBCs/μL Life Span- 10-13 days Production (Leukopoiesis): Adults: Liver, spleen, tonsils, bone marrow Foetus: Liver & spleen Increase WBCs- Leucocytosis, Leukemia (Blood cancer) Decrease WBCs- Leucopenia 5  20-12-2021 Blood WBCs WBCs Granular Agranular (64.7%) (35.3%) Neutrophils Lymphocytes (62%) (30%) Eosinophiles Monocytes (2.3%) (5.3%) Basophils (0.4%) Blood 2. Blood Cells B. White Blood Cells (WBC; Leucocytes) Type Feature Function Location of production Neutrophils ▪ Nucleus with 3-4 ▪ Destroy bacteria, Bone Merrow lobes and others by ▪ Stain with neutral phagocytosis dye (hematoxylin) ▪ Granules having lysozymes ▪ Chemotaxis Eosinophile ▪ Nucleus with 2 ▪ Combat the Bone Merrow lobes effect of ▪ Stain with acidic histamine in dye (eosin) allergic reactions ▪ Eliminate worms ▪ Granules having toxic chemicals 6  20-12-2021 Blood 2. Blood Cells B. White Blood Cells (WBC; Leucocytes) Type Feature Function Location of production Basophil ▪ Nucleus with ▪ Granules Liberate Bone Merrow indistinct lobes heparin and ▪ Stain with basic histamine in dye (methylene allergic reactions blue) to intensify inflammatory response Lymphocyte ▪ Smallest of WBCs ▪ Produce Bone marrow, spleen, ▪ Large round antibodies tonsils nuclei ▪ T-Lymphocytes: processed in thymus glands by thymosin hormone, which is responsible for fully specialized, mature and functional lymphocyte ▪ B-Lymphocyte: they are produced and processed in bone merrow Blood 2. Blood Cells B. White Blood Cells (WBC; Leucocytes) Type Feature Function Location of production Monocyte ▪ Largest of WBCs ▪ Ingest Bone Merrow ▪ Large kidney microorganisms shaped nucleus Monocyte-Macrophages system Histiocyte (connective tissue), Synovial cells (Joints), Microglia (Brain), Kuffer cells (Liver), Langerhans cells (Skin) 7  20-12-2021 Blood 2. Blood Cells C. Platelets (Thrombocyte) Shape: small circular biconvex non-nucleated disk Size: 2-4 μm (diamerter) Count: 1,50,000-4,00,000 platelets/μL Life Span- 5-9 days (destroyed by macrophades in spleen) Production (Thrombopoiesis): red bone merrow Increase Platelets- thrombocytosis Decrease Platelets- thrombocytopenia Functions: Blood clotting (Haemostasis) Blood Coagulation Fibrin thread Blood Platelets form a forms & trap vessel is plug red blood cells punctured Platelets & damaged tissue cells release prothrombin activator, which initiates a cascade of enzymatic reactions 8  20-12-2021 Blood FUNCTION OF THE BLOOD Transportation Gas (b/w Lungs & tissues) Nutrients (GIT to Tissues) Hormones (Glands to Tissue) Antibodies (to infective site) Heat (Active to Less active) Clotting Factors (to bleeding area) Medicines/Drugs As a vehicle for hormones, vitamins, minerals, pigments, etc. Water balance Acid base balance Temp regulation Excretion Body defense Prevention of hemorrhage Thanks for Watching Subscribe my YouTube Channel 9