Blood Sampling and Tubes PDF

Blood sampling and tubes Ahmed elhadidy Lecturer of clinical pathology By the end of that session, we should know 1- the standard steps of blood sampling, the content of blood sampling tray and waste disposal...

Blood sampling and tubes Ahmed elhadidy Lecturer of clinical pathology By the end of that session, we should know 1- the standard steps of blood sampling, the content of blood sampling tray and waste disposal 2- the most common tubes used for blood collection 3-mistakes should be avoided in sampling 4- rapid testing principles 5- most common infectious diseases affecting mother and fetus 6- interpretation of the rapid testing results  Syringes and needles Tourniquet Tubes The content Request form of blood 70% alcohol swabs sampling Sterile gauze swabs tray Adhesive dressing Rack to hold the specimen upright Puncture resistant disposal container (safety box)  Check the patient identity that matches the request form Standard Check for the tests and select the proper types of tubes blood The usually the best side is the antecubital veins but withdrawin in obese the dorsum of the hand or the infants, planter capillary blood may be obtained g steps Rubbing the skin with 70% alcohol swabs and let dry spontaneously Apply the tourniquet and ask the patient to fist few times to make the veins prominent and released it as soon is the blood flow  apply the syringe in the same Apply direction of the vein and withdraw at modest speed to the vein filling Standard blood after abating the blood, press on the Press withdrawin side of the puncture with sterile gauze on and elevate the arm above for 1 to 2 min to cease blood g steps (cont.) cover the puncture side with adhesive Cover dressing  1. 1- fill the tubes with corresponding amount of the blood required for tube and test 2. Invert the tube 8-10 times to ensure the good mixing of blood with anticoagulant After the blood 3. Close the tube caps firmly withdrawal 4. Check again for the patient ID and matching the request form 5. Labeling of the tubes either manually or with barcoding 6. Transferer the sample in bags to the lab with request being separated not be containimed with blood leakage  1- without separating the needle from the syringe place both of the in the safety box The waste disposal 2- if it must be separated it should be held with after blood forceps and disposed in withdrawal the safety box 3- the other waste is disposed in red bags The most common blood withdrawal tube types 1. Red Additive: No additive or contain silica particles that serve as clot activators. What is the effect of this additive Clot activator increases blood clotting by using crystals of silica or glass. Laboratory Utilization: Testing of the serum cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL,LDL,VLDL (Lipid profile) potassium, amylase, alkaline, phosphatase BUN, liver enzymes, CK Blood bank serology like (RH Typing, Antibody screening, the red Cell phototyping ), DAT, RPR, monospot test for EBV , the rheumatoid factor, ANA. Serum blood glucose in case of gray tube 2. Light Blue Additive: Sodium Citrate What does this ingredient do? create a binding and removes calcium reversibly from blood to stop it from clotting 1 part of sodium citrate to 9 parts of blood sample Laboratory uses coagulation studies like prothrombin time (PT) and partial thromboplastin time (PTT) , FDP (Fibrinogen Degradation Products),D-dimer, TT (Thrombin time)and cogulation Factor assays. 3. Green Additive: Heparin (Sodium/Lithium/Ammonium) What is the function of this additive? inhibit thrombin formation to stop blood clotting Lab uses: Ammonia and STAT electrolytes, carboxyhemoglobin and chromosome screening, aldosterone, renin. 4. Lavender Additive: EDTA (Ethylenediaminetetraacetic Acid) What is the function of this additive? remove calcium irreversibly , thereby preventing blood clotting Lab uses: hemoglobin assay, CBC with blood film , HBA1c red cell folate, reticulocyte count, Parathyroid hormone (PTH) and blood cross matching testing. 5. Grey Additional: Potassium oxalate and Sodium fluoride What is the purpose of this additive? The sodium fluoride works as an antiglycolytic agent , which helps ensure that there is no further glucose breakdown takes place within the sample after it has been taken. Potassium Oxalate eliminates calcium and also acts in the role of an anticoagulant. Laboratory use: the best tube for glucose and diabetes studies lactate Glucose tolerance test (GTT). 6. Black Additive: Sodium Citrate What additive does same as light blue tube The laboratory Uses: ESR common mistakes should be avoided during blood collection  1- prolonged tourniquet pressure 2- inadequate mixing of blood sample Mistakes 3- error in patient ID or sample request should be 4- inadequate specimen storage avoided condition 5- improper selection of syringe needle size 6- delay in transit to lab