Blood Collection Techniques PDF

**Collecting blood samples** is crucial to prevention, and treatment of disease. However, from the patient's perspective, it can also be painful, unnerving, frightening, and inconvenient. **Capillary or peripheral Blood:** capillary tubes are very thin tubes made of a rigid material, such as plasti...

**Collecting blood samples** is crucial to prevention, and treatment of disease. However, from the patient's perspective, it can also be painful, unnerving, frightening, and inconvenient. **Capillary or peripheral Blood:** capillary tubes are very thin tubes made of a rigid material, such as plastic or glass in which a liquid flows up into the tubes against gravity in a process called capillary action TO pricking the tip of the figure blood is obtained. This method used to draw a small amount of blood in special micro tubes (capillary tubes) so, only a few test can be performed. **Material :** 1.Lancet 2. Capillary tubes 3.Alcohol 4.Cotton **Procedure:**1. Disinfect the area by 70% alcohol and allow to dry 2\. Deep quick stab the area by disposable blood lancet, the puncture should be about 3 mm 3\. Wipe off the first drop of Blood and a little pressure is applied 4\. Never press out Blood 5\. Take the Blood 6\. Apply slight pressure over the area (Do not use excessive pressure because the blood may become diluted with tissue fluid). **Sites for capillary puncture:\--** 1.Finger pulp 2.Heel pulp or great toe (in infant) 3.Ear lobe **Venous Blood venipuncture:** When you need a large volume of blood, a venous sample of blood must be obtained **Preparation for blood collection** Read the request of the patient. 2. prepare equipment for blood sampling (Tourniquet, Alcohol, Cotton, Adhesive strip, Sterile Disposable syringes) **3.** Prepare the suitable tubes for each test. **procedure: 1-make the patient sit-down** ***2-make tourniquet is tied above puncture place*** ***3-use sterile syringe and taken in the right hand needle inserted at an angle 30^o^ to the skin and slowly puncture the vein*** ***4-when amount of blood obtained, left the tourniquet and taken out the needle very quickly and apply cotton over the area*** ***5-transfer the blood in to the vial*** **Note** As a rule, the tourniquet should not be placed too tightly or left on the patient for more than 2 min. **What are the effects if it left for more than 2 min?** Prolonged application of the tourniquet results in partial stasis of blood which leads to hemoconcentration that increase concentration of serum enzymes, potassium, proteins, and proteinbound substances as calcium. What is the difference between arterial and venous blood samples? Arterial blood is a bright-red color as the hemoglobin present in it has received plenty of oxygen. In contrast, hemoglobin in the venous blood has lost a lot of oxygen, so venous blood is dark-red, almost blackish in colour.  **TYPES OF VACUUM TUBES** Vacuum tubes with different colored caps are available. Each contains a different anticoagulant and is used for various hematological tests as described below  Q/ what's the differences between arterial and vein puncture in the location of body? Lab report 2-EDTA, Sodium citrate and fluoride composed of which matters as anticoagulation?