Blood Composition and Functions - 2022 PDF

BLOOD COMPOSITION AND ITS FUNCTIONS BLOOD COMPOSITION AND ITS FUNCTIONS  BLOOD COMPOSITION BLOOD: blood is the main circulating fluid in the human body. Study of blood is called HAEMATOLOGY. It is a fluid connective tissue derived from mesoderm....

BLOOD COMPOSITION AND ITS FUNCTIONS BLOOD COMPOSITION AND ITS FUNCTIONS  BLOOD COMPOSITION BLOOD: blood is the main circulating fluid in the human body. Study of blood is called HAEMATOLOGY. It is a fluid connective tissue derived from mesoderm. Bright red in colour, slightly alkaline(pH 7.4), salty, and heavier than water. The adult has 5lit of blood which constitute about 8% of the total body weight. Blood is divided into two constituents, 1.cellular composition 2.non-cellular composition  Bloo d Cellular Non- composit cellular ion composit ion Blood corpusc Plas les ma RB WB platel Cs Cs ets Granuloc Agranuloc yte yte Neutrop Eosinop Basop Monocy Lymphoc hil hil hil te yte  Cellular compositio n RBC WBC platelet s s s ERYTHROCYTE\ RBCs: Erythrocytes are also called as red blood corpuscles. They are circular , biconcave , enucleated cells. 7.8 micron metre in diameter a thickness of 2.5 micrometers at the thickest point and 1 micrometer or less in the center. In healthy men, the average number of red blood cells per cubic millimeter is 5,200,000 (±300,000) In women, it is 4,700,000 (±300,000). Persons living at high altitudes have greater numbers of red blood cells, Average life span is of 120 days.  WBC s Granulocytes Agranulocytes Neutrophil Eosinophil Basophil Monocyt Lymphocyt e e LEUCOCYTES\ WBCs: Leucocytes are also known as white blood corpuscles. They are colourless , nucleated , amoeboid , and phagocytes cells. Due the amoeboidal movement they squeez out of blood capillaries, this is called as DIAPEDESIS. 8 to 15 micron meter in size. They are about 5000 to 9000 WBCs per cu.mm The average life span is of 3 to 4 days. Leucocytes are divided in two types on the basis of presence of granules are as follows ; WBC s Granulocytes Agranulocytes  Granulocytes Neutrophil Eosinophil Basophil  EOSINOPHILS BASOPHIL Cytoplasmic granules Cytoplasmic granules, which are stained with that stained with basic acidic dyes such as dyes such as methylene eosin. blue. Nucleus is bilobed Twisted nucleus. constitutes 3% of  They constitute about total WBCs. 0.5% of total WBCs.  Functions: They are non-phagocytic and Functions : they increase during are non-phagocytic. Allergic reactions They release  They show anti- heparin(anti- histamine property. coagulant) and  Increase in number of histamine eosinophil is called as also. EOSINOPHILIA.  Agranulocyte Lymphocyt Monocyt e e  Agranulocyte Lymphocyt Monocyt e e  AGRANULOCYTE Lymphocyte : Monocytes : Large round nucleus. Largest of all WBCs , It constitute about 25 - kidney shaped 33% of total WBCs. nucleus. Functions : it It constitute about produces antibodies and 3- 9% of total WBCs. responsible for immune Functions : they response of the body. are phagocytic in function, so they known as SCAVENGER. PLATELET S : are small fragments of bone marrow cells This and therefore not really classified as cells themselves.  Functions : 1.vasoconstriction. 2.form temporary platelet plug to stop bleeding. 3.secrete procoagulants to promote blood clotting. 4.digest and destroy bacteria. 5.Secrete some chemicals to attract neutrophil and monocyte to the site of inflammation. 6.secrete growth factor to maintain the lining of blood vessel. Non – cellular composition Plasm a  Plasm It is: straw coloured , slightly , alkaline , viscous fluid. a It contains 90-92 % water , 10% of solutes and 7% of protein. Plasma proteins such as serum albumin , serum globulin , heparin , fibrinogen and prothrombin. Other nutrients such as glucose , amino acids, & glycerols. Nitrogenous waste as urea , uric acid , ammonia, and creatinine. Gases like oxygen, carbon-dioixde , nirtogen. Regulatory substances such as enzymes and hormones. Inorganic substances like bicarbonates , chlorides, phosphates, sulphates, Na, K, Ca& Mg ions, etc.  Functions of blood : TRANSPORTATION : REGULATION : PROTECTION : Respiration Regulates pH WBCs Nutrient carrier from Adjusts and maintain protects against GIT body temperature disease by Transportation of Maintains water phagocytosis hormones from contents of cells Reservoir for endocrine glands substances like Transportation of water,electrolytes. metabolic waste. Performs haemostasi s.