Biochemistry and Cell Biology LOs PDF

Block 1 ------- ### Biochemistry LO's: - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -...

Block 1 ------- ### Biochemistry LO's: - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ### Cell Biology LO's: - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ### Genetics LO's: - +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | **DNA** | **RNA** | +===================================+===================================+ | **Sugar =** deoxyribose | **Sugar =** ribose | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | **Bases:** | **Bases:** | | | | | - - - | - - - | | | | | - - - | - - - | | | | | - - | **Types:** | | | | | **Types:** | - - - | | | | | - - | | | | | | - - - - - | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | **Double Stranded** | **Single Stranded** | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | **Susceptible to UV** | **Relatively resistant to UV** | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | **Longer** | **shorter** | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | **Alkali conditions and heat | | | cause denaturation** | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | mRNA | rRNA | tRNA | +=======================+=======================+=======================+ | Encodes a protein | Component of ribosome | Translates mRNA into | | | | protein | | translated | Not translated | | | | | (tRNA does not get | | | Makes ribosome | translated itself) | | | | | | | | Charged tRNA = | | | | aminoacyl-tRNA | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ - - - - - - +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | Nuclear DNA | Mitochondrial DNA | +===================================+===================================+ | - - - - | - - - - - - | | | | | | - | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ **Gene** **Genome** ------------------------------ ------------------------------------------ DNA molecule (parts of DNA) Total DNA (all 46) Hereditary element Nuclear DNA Encodes proteins Encodes proteins and regulatory elements Thousands of genes One genome Variations of genes: alleles Gene variation cause variation in genome **Intron** **Extron** -------------------------- ------------------------------------- Belong to non-coding DNA Belong to coding DNA Found in Eukaryotes Found in Eukaryotes and Prokaryotes Stay in nucleus Leave nucleus - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ### Homeostasis LO's: - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | **Passive Transport** | Diffusion (no energy) | | | | | | Ion channels (voltage-gated, | | | ligand-gated) | +===================================+===================================+ | **Active Transport** | Requires ATP | | | | | | Na/K ATPase pump to maintain low | | | intracellular Na and high K | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | **Cotransport** | Doenst require ATP | | | | | | Move 2+ solutes in same direction | | | | | | Na/glucose uptake in intestine | | | | | | Na/Cl uptake in kidney | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | **Exchanger** | Moves 2 solutes in opposite | | | direction | | | | | | Na/H exchanged (keep | | | intracellular H low) | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ - **Cell** -------------- **Tissue** **Organ** **System** **Organism** - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ### ### Cancer Biology LO's: - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Signal (molecular) → response (biochemical) → output (biological change) **RAS Pathway, PI3K Pathway, Wnt/B-Catenin**