BIOS 1300 Chapter 10 - Muscular System PDF

BIOS 1300 with Dr. Perey Chapter 10: The Muscular System  Myology Myo = Muscle  Other muscle roots Mys- Sarco- http://media.photobucket.com/image/steroid%20use/tim2ms/steroid-use.jpg Muscular System Functions ...

BIOS 1300 with Dr. Perey Chapter 10: The Muscular System  Myology Myo = Muscle  Other muscle roots Mys- Sarco- http://media.photobucket.com/image/steroid%20use/tim2ms/steroid-use.jpg Muscular System Functions  Functions of Skeletal Muscle  Movement of the skeleton and skin  Posture and body position  Supporting and protecting soft tissues Abdominals  Functions of Skeletal Muscle  Gatekeepers at entrances and exits Voluntary sphincters  Generating body heat  Amino acid reserve In times of need  Glycemic control Function: Social Cohesion in Humans Connective Tissues of Muscles  Skeletal Muscles Are Organs  Muscle tissue  Connective tissues  Blood vessels  Nerves Skeletal Muscle Structure  Muscle fiber Muscle cells Multinucleated  Endomysium Around each muscle fiber  Endomysium  Fine areolar connective tissue  Capillaries http://kentsimmons.uwinnipeg.ca/cm1504/15lab42006/ lb4pg6.htm  Terminal branches of axons Neurons  Myosatellite cells  Skeletal Muscle Structure  Fascicles Bundles of muscle fibers Surrounded by…  Perimysium Fibrous connective tissue sheath Blood vessels Nerves  Skeletal Muscle Structure  Epimysium Dense irregular connective tissue Sheath around whole muscle  Skeletal Muscle Structure  All connected Endomysium → Perimysium → Epimysium Muscle Attachments  Muscle Connections  Direct or indirect https://www.getbodysmart.com/ Connecting Structures: Indirect Connection  Tendon Cord of dense regular connective tissue Attaches skeletal muscle to bone Connecting Structures: Indirect Connection  Aponeurosis Tendinous sheet of dense regular Attaches muscles to: Other muscles Bones Wide area of attachment  Aponeuroses Examples  Epicranial aponeurosis Epicranial Frontalis aponeurosis Epicranius Occipitalis  Aponeuroses Examples  Aponeurosis of the external oblique Rectus Sheath External oblique Aponeurosis of the external oblique Anterior superior Iliac spine  Connecting Structures: Direct Connection  Epimysium fused to attachment site Fibrous: collagen  Skeletal Muscle Structure  All connected Endomysium + Perimysium + Epimysium All connected to Tendon, aponeurosis, or direct attachment Integrated structure Functional Groups of Muscles Functional Groups  Agonists  Antagonists  Synergists  Fixators  Agonist = prime mover  Major responsibility for producing specific movement  Can be more than 1 agonist  Antagonist  Opposes movement of agonist  Controls motion  Muscles can only pull Prime mover & antagonist on opposite sides of joint  Synergist  Help prime movers  Adds extra force to same movement  Or stabilizes joint  May reduce unnecessary movement  Fixator  Synergist that immobilizes bone or muscle's origin  Depends on Movement  Same muscle may be Prime mover of one movement Antagonist for different movement Synergist for third movement