Biology Class 12 Question Bank PDF

Okay, here is the converted text from the images provided, formatted in Markdown. # Question Bank ## Class 12 ### Biology This document appears to be a question bank/study guide for Biology, class 12, likely for students in Rajasthan, India. It includes multiple choice questions, fill-in-the-blank...

Okay, here is the converted text from the images provided, formatted in Markdown. # Question Bank ## Class 12 ### Biology This document appears to be a question bank/study guide for Biology, class 12, likely for students in Rajasthan, India. It includes multiple choice questions, fill-in-the-blanks, short answer questions, and essay questions for various chapters of the biology textbook. ## Index * Chapter 1: Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants * Chapter 2: Human Reproduction * Chapter 3: Reproductive Health * Chapter 4: Principles of Inheritance and Variation * Chapter 5: Molecular Basis of Inheritance * Chapter 6: Evolution * Chapter 7: Human Health and Disease * Chapter 8: Microbes in Human Welfare * Chapter 9: Biotechnology: Principles and Processes * Chapter 10: Biotechnology and its Applications * Chapter 11: Organisms and Populations * Chapter 12: Ecosystem * Chapter 13: Biodiversity and Conservation ## Chapter 1: Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants ### Multiple Choice Questions: 1. Pollination in water hyacinth and water lily is effected by: (a) bird (b) bat (c) water (d) insect or air () 2. The ovule of an angiosperm is technically equivalent to: (a) megaspore mother cell (b) megaspore (c) megasporangium (d) megasporophyll () 3. The proximal end of the filament of stamen is attached to the: (a) placenta (b) thalamus/petal (c) anther (d) connective () 4. What does the male gametophyte produce in angiosperms? (a) one male gamete and one vegetative cell (b) one male gamete and two vegetative cells (c) three male gametes (d) two male gametes and one vegetative cell () 5. What develops from the functional megaspore in an angiosperm? (a) ovule (b) endosperm (c) embryo sac (d) embryo () 6. Which part of the plant has two generations within it? (i) Pollen grain inside the anther. (ii) Germinated pollen grain with two male gametes. (iii) Seed inside the fruit. (iv) Embryo sac inside the ovule. (a) (i), (ii) and (iii) (b) (iii) and (iv) (c) (i) and (iv) (d) Only (i) () 7. Pollen grains can be stored for several years in liquid nitrogen at what temperature? (a) -196° C (b) -80° C (c) -120° C (d) -160° C () 8. Which of the following helps preserve pollen grains as fossils for a long time? (a) oily element (b) intine (c) pollenkitt (d) sporopollenin () 9. Male gametes in angiosperms are formed by the division of: (a) microspore (b) generative cell (c) vegetative cell (d) microspore mother cell () 10. A callus is obtained by growing the pollen grain of a plant (2n=28) in a culture medium. What will be the number of chromosomes in the cells of callus? (a) 28 (b) 14 (c) 21 (d) 56 () 11. Megasporangium is equivalent to: (a) embryo sac (b) fruit (c) nucellus (d) ovule () 12. What is coconut water in raw coconut? (a) independent nuclear embryo (b) independent nuclear endosperm (c) endocarp (d) fleshy mesocarp () 13. What is the persistent nucellus in a seed called? (a) pore (b) hilum (c) perisperm (d) raphe () 14. Double fertilization is exhibited by: (a) angiosperms (b) algae (c) fungus (d) algae and fungus () 15. Double fertilization in angiosperms is essential for the formation of: (a) Integument (b) Endosperm (c) Aleurone cell (d) Endocarp () 16. Formation of seed without fertilization in flowering plants involves the process of: (a) somatic hybridization (b) sporophytic budding (c) apomixis (d) budding () 17. What is the process called where a gametophyte is directly formed from a sporophyte without meiosis? (a) apospory (apospory) (b) apogamy (apogamy) (c) parthenogenesis (parthenogenesis) (d) amphimixis (amphimixis) () 18. Parthenocarpy is (a) formation of seed without fertilization (b) formation of plant without fertilization (c) formation of fruit without fertilization (d) polyembryony () ### Fill in the blanks: 19. What is double fertilization? * (a) fusion of two male gametes with one egg * (b) fusion of one male gamete with the two polar nuclei * (c) fusion of two male gametes of pollen tube with two eggs * (d) syngamy and triple fusion () 20. Through which cell of the embryo sac does the pollen tube enter into the embryo sac? (a) egg cell (b) central cell (c) degenerated synergid (d) antipodal cells () 21. Endosperm in angiosperms is________. 22. Plumed stigma is found in ________. 23. Embryo sac in nucellus is cellular and ________. 24. Flowers which never open are called________. 25. A hard resistant organic material found in the exine of pollen grain is________. 26. Seed coat develops from________of ovule. 27. Egg apparatus consists of________and________. 28. The innermost layer of microsporangium which nourishes pollen grains is called________. ### Answer in one word or one line: 29. Which structure developed by Parthenium plant causes ‘Allergy’ in human beings? 30. What is the function of sepals of flower? 31. If any plant has 12 chromosomes in microspore mother cell then how many chromosomes will be in endosperm 32. Write down the names of two flowering plants pollinated by bat. 33. What is pollen kit? 34. What does emasculation means? 35. Which part of the flower forms a fruit? ### Short answer type questions (Word Limit 50 words) 36. Differentiate perisperm and pericarp 37. Explain the function of tapetum. 38. What is bagging technique? 39. Arrange the following terms in correct developmental sequence – 40. Pollen Grain, Sporogenous Tissue, Microspore Tetrad, Pollen mother cell, Male gamete 41. What is triple fusion? Where and how does it take place? ### Long Answer Type Questions (Word Limit 100 Words) 42. What are the two strategies developed by flowers to prevent autogamy? Explain. 43. What do you mean by zygote dormancy in a fertilized ovule? 44. What will happen if the stigma is removed from the top of the style after pollen germination? Explain ### Essay Type Questions (Word Limit: 150 Words) 45. What is double fertilization explain both events occurring in this. 46. Draw a well labelled diagram of fertilized embryosac or zygote. 47. Give brief description of the following:- * Pollination In valisneria * Pollination in Yucca plant 48. Differentiate between Autogamy, geitonogamy and Allogamy. 49. Explain the role of two biotic and abiotic factors in pollination. 50. Give a note on the following: * Megasporogenesis * Female or megagametophyte development. 51. Give a note on the following: * Microsporogenesis * Male or microgametophyte development Draw a well labelled diagram of transverse section of microsporangium explain its function in brief. Distinguish between monosporic, bisporic, tetrasporic with example. ### Answers * 1 d. 2 c. 3 b. 4 d. 5 c. 6 c. 7 a. 8 a. 9 b. 10 b. 11 b. 12 b. 13 b. 14 a. 15 a. * 21 Triploid 22 pinnate 23 7-celled and 8-central 24 Cleistogamous; 25 Sporopollenin; * 26 Integument; 27 One egg cell and two auxiliary cells; 28 Tapetum --- ## Chapter 2: Human Reproduction ### Multiple Choice Questions 1. Choose the correct sequence of transport of sperm cells in the male reproductive system? * (a) testis - epididymis - vasa efferentia - vas deferens - ejaculatory duct - urethra-urethral metalis * (b) testis - epididymis - vasa efferentia - testicular reticular - inguinal canal - urethra * (c) spermatogenic tubules - testicular reticulum- vasa efferentia - vas deferens - ejaculatory duct-urethra Duct - urinary tract - urethral metals * (d) spermatogenic tubules - testicular reticulum - epididymis - vas deferens - inguinal canal Urinary tract () 2. Which of the following is secreted by the Leading cells of the human body? * (a) Progesterone * (b) Gut mucosa * (c) Glucagon * (d) Androgen () 3. After ovulation, the part formed by the shrinking of the ovarian follicle is called---- * (a) Corpus luteum * (b) Corpus albicans * (c) Corpus atresia * (d) Caepers callosum () 4. Which of the following accessory reproductive glands is found only in mammalian males? * (a) Prostate gland * (b) Perineal gland * (c) Cowper’s gland * (d) Bartholin gland () 5. If the vas deferens is cut off and removed in humans, which function will be affected? * (a) Sperm nuclei will be centerless in semen * (b) There will be no sperm in semen * (c) There will be no spermatogenesis * (d) Sperms in semen will be immotile () 6. Menarche is, suddenly * (a) Due to deficiency of FSH * (b) Due to increase of LH * (c) Due to deficiency of estrogen and progesterone * (d) None of these () 7. What is formed from each primary oocyte after meiosis? * (a) One ovum * (b) Two ova * (c) Three ova * (d) Four ova () 8. Which of the following is not an important component for the initiation of labor in humans? * (a) Synthesis of prostaglandin * (b) Release of oxytocin * (c) Release of prolactin * (d) Increase in the estrogen to progesterone ratio () 9. Some hormones, such as hCG, HPL, estrogen, progesterone are produced where? * (a) Fallopian tube * (b) Pituitary gland * (c) Ovary * (d) Placenta () 10. The first movements of the fetus and the appearance of hair on its head are usually seen in which month of pregnancy? * (a) Fifth month * (b) Sixth month * (c) Third month * (d) Fourth month () 11. Freshly released human egg has * (a) One Y-chromosome * (b) One x-chromosome * (c) Two x-chromosome * (d) One x- chromosome and one Y-chromosome () 12. Where does capacitation occur? * (a) testicular reticle * (b) Epididymis * (c) Vas deferens * (d) Female genital track () 13, What is the correct thing for cells during cleavage? * (a) Central cytoplasmic ratio remains unchanged. * (b) Does not increase in size. * (c) O₂ use is less. * (d) Division is like meiosis. () 14. Which part of the fallopian tube is closest to the ovary? * (a) Infundibulum * (b) Cervix * (c) Ampulla * (d) Isthmus () 15. In which stage of life does oogenesis start? * (a) Embryonic development phase * (b) At the time of birth * (c) Adult * (d) Onset of puberty () #### Fill in the blanks: 16. Fertilization in human is ________. 17. Male and female eggs________ are. 18. Ovulation is stimulated by the hormone ________. 19. Zygote divides becomes which ________ creates is ____ ,Which is implanted in uterus_____. 20. Meiosis in secondary oocyte completes during ________ full. 21. Leading cells are located in the ________ and ________ secretion does it. #### Answer the following questions in one word or in one line 22. What is meant by LH surge? 23. Write one function of the testis 24. What are Main components of Seminal Plasma? 25. What is function at corpus luteum? 26. What is the meaning at Avert cycle? 27. What you think a bitch which has given 6 children born , How many eggs released from her ovary was done? 28. Mention Name of some of them 39. Discuss and Write Short word at this : The way it’s transfered from a Woman has a Problem HIV virus that’s why you have structure to it. 40. Give me a short words what have to do. Which kinds are that one have you known by your friend like What type. 41 what have to do. You’ll learn ways are up which get them. ### Short Answer Questions (50 words) 42. Explain fellopian tube has connection from thread was attached. 43. Why do testis located out from body- Explain. 45. Where Epidermis located And What Is Their work. 46. Prsav or what kind of harmons show with. 47. Write with that ### Extra Information: *16. internal; 17. haploid; 18. LH ; Trophoblast; 20. fusion of gametes with ovum;21. testicles and testerone.*