Biology.pdf

Characteristics of Life Quiz Study Guide The 7 Characteristics of Life 1. Heredity/Adaptation Definition: The ability to pass on genetic information to and adapt to the environment over time Key points: DNA carri...

Characteristics of Life Quiz Study Guide The 7 Characteristics of Life 1. Heredity/Adaptation Definition: The ability to pass on genetic information to and adapt to the environment over time Key points: DNA carries genetic information Mutations can lead to adaptations 2. Metabolism Definition: The set of chemical reactions that occur within living organisms to maintain life Key points: Includes anabolism (building up) and catabolism (breaking down) Enzymes facilitate chemical reactions Energy production and consumption 3. Cellular Structure Definition: All living things are composed of one or more cells Key points: Cells are the basic unit of life Unicellular organisms (e.g., bacteria) Multicellular organisms (e.g., plants, animals) 4. Reproduction Definition: The ability to reproduce with or without another organism. Key points: Asexual reproduction Sexual reproduction Ensures continuation of species  Characteristics of Life Quiz Study Guide 5. Growth and Development Definition: The process of increasing in size and complexity over time Key points: Cell division and differentiation Life Cycle Stages Aging process 6. Homeostasis Definition: The ability to maintain a stable internal environment despite external changes Key points: Temperature regulation pH balance Water and nutrient balance 7. Responsiveness Definition: The ability to detect and respond to changes in the environment Key points: Stimulus and response Tropisms in plants (When plants move themselves towards sunlight) Nervous system in animals II. Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells A. Prokaryotic Cells Definition: Simple, single-celled organisms without a membrane-bound nucleus Examples: Bacteria, Archaea  Characteristics of Life Quiz Study Guide Characteristics: No nucleus Circular DNA No membrane-bound organelles Smaller in size (typically 0.1-5 μm) B. Eukaryotic Cells Definition: Complex cells with a membrane-bound nucleus and organelles Examples: Plants, animals, fungi, protists Characteristics: Membrane-bound nucleus Linear DNA organized into chromosomes and stored in nucleus Membrane-bound organelles (e.g., mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum) Larger in size (typically 10-100 μm) Various methods of reproduction (mitosis, meiosis) C. Similarities between Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells 1. Both have a cell membrane 2. Both contain cytoplasm 3. Both have ribosomes for protein synthesis 4. Both contain DNA as genetic material 5. Both carry out metabolic processes D. Differences between Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells  Characteristics of Life Quiz Study Guide Feature Prokaryotic Cells Eukaryotic Cells Nucleus Absent Present DNA Circular Linear structure Organelle No membrane-bound Membrane-bound s organelles organelles Cell size Smaller Larger Examples Bacteria, Archaea Plants, animals, fungi, protists Remember to review these concepts regularly and try to connect them to real-world examples to enhance your understanding. I also recommend looking over the slides and your notes.