Biology 2 Lesson 1 PDF

**BIOLOGY 2** **Catabolism** -- breaks down large molecules **Anabolism**- builds up complex molecules from simpler ones. **Phagocytosis**- cells engulf and digest large particles **Growth**- measurable changes **Hyperthermia**- Lower than the normal body temperature (36.5-37.5 C) **Normal blo...

**BIOLOGY 2** **Catabolism** -- breaks down large molecules **Anabolism**- builds up complex molecules from simpler ones. **Phagocytosis**- cells engulf and digest large particles **Growth**- measurable changes **Hyperthermia**- Lower than the normal body temperature (36.5-37.5 C) **Normal blood pressure** (120/80, 100-140, 160-90) Water can't dissolve hydrochloric molecules **Systolic BP**- Pressure in your arteries when your heart is beating and sending blood into your arteries **Diastolic BP**- Pressure in your arteries when your heat rests between beats. **RECEPTORS** Control center, Effector, Response **FEEDBACK SYSTEM** Negative feedback- reverse/reduces fluctuations in output; most frequent Ex: dilating construction Positive feedback- increase the change; less frequent Ex: birth construction Kidney- main regulator of blood pressure RAAS: Renin Angeotensin Aldoisterone System The blood vessel narrows when blood pressure rise Visceral membrane- outer layer; covers the entire organ Parietal layer- inner layer; cover the organ within the cavity Pleural- lungs Pericardial- heart Peritoneal- abdominopelvic cavity Pleural fluid- (5-10 mL of clear fluid) serves as lubrication 16-20 breaths per minute- normal cycle of an adult Tachypnea- increase RR (respiratory rate) Bradypnea- below 16 cycles/minute Tachycardia- more than 100 bpm Bradycardia- below 60 bpm 60-100 beats per minute- normal adult heart rate Pleural Effusion Hydrothorax- a condition where fluid builds up in the pleural cavity. Diaphragm- separation between abdominal to the thoracic cavity - Respiratory organ Hydrothorax- fluid Pneumothorax- Air Hemothorax- blood Hypertrophy- enlargement Atrophy- lessen of size Layers of the Abdomen 1. Skin 2. Subcutaneous tissues/Fats 3. Fascia- strongest muscle 4. Muscles 5. Peritoneum Ascites- accumulation of excess fluids in the peritoneal cavity Paracentesis- aspiration of peritoneal fluid Anatomy- study of structure Physiology- study of function CHARACTERISTICS OF LIFE **M**ovement **R**esponsiveness **G**rowth **R**eproduction **R**espiration Symbiotic relationship- relationship between organism Skeletal System- framework of the body, attachments to tissues Erythropoietic system Integumentary system- primary defense Skin has the greatest number of nerve endings Glomerular filtration -\> urine Spermatogenesis- can produce 15 million sperm cells during ejaculation Outermost layer- tunica externa Tunica media/muscularis Tunica intima **Bodily processes** Metabolism, respiration, differentiation, absorption, excretion, circulation chemo dynamics Specialties of water: - Water is polar. \... - Water is an excellent solvent. \... - Water has high heat capacity. \... - Water has high heat of vaporization. \... - Water has cohesive and adhesive properties. \... - Water is less dense as a solid than as a liquid. 62-65% of the body contains water Osmosis- lower to higher concentration Diffusion- greater to lower Facilitated diffusion- greater to lower with facilitated Endocytosis= phagocytosis and pinocytosis 5 major environmental factors: Air, water, climate, soil, natural vegetation and landforms Heat- source of energy