BIOLOGIE CELULARĂ ȘI MOLECULARĂ Past Paper PDF

Facultate: FACULTATEA DE FARMACIE , Disciplina: BIOLOGIE CELULARĂ ȘI MOLECULARĂ, Anul I Număr capitol: 1, Nume capitol: 1, Numar intrebari : 110 I1 Biomembranes do NOT include: a Microorganisms True b Lignans True c Vesicles True d M...

Facultate: FACULTATEA DE FARMACIE , Disciplina: BIOLOGIE CELULARĂ ȘI MOLECULARĂ, Anul I Număr capitol: 1, Nume capitol: 1, Numar intrebari : 110 I1 Biomembranes do NOT include: a Microorganisms True b Lignans True c Vesicles True d Metals True e Simple carbohydrates True f Phospholipids False g Proteins False h Water False i Ions False I Biomembranes : - j Lipids False proteins sons water I2 Biomembranes contain: phospholipids a Proteins True cholesterol. b Ions True c Water True d Phospholipids True e Cholesterol True f Simple carbohydrates False Me g Erythrocytes False h Lymphocytes False i Vesicles False werenece j Leukocyte False O I3 The extracellular matrix: a It has a metabolic role True b It has a role in cell adhesiveness True c It stabilizes the physical structure of the tissues - - True  d It ensures the elasticity of tissues and organs - True e It influences the shape of the cell, its proliferation and development True f It is involved in the withdrawal syndrome X False g It has no role in cell adhesiveness X & False h It stimulates learning processes C False i Controls the memory / False I j It does not provide protection to the cell X I False I4 The extracellular matrix has: extracelluar matrix : - a Role in cell adhesiveness True - metabolic role b Role in mechanical shock absorption True - role in cell adhesiveness. c Role in cell protection True it stabilizes the structure of the - physical tissues d Lubricating role True tissues of the organs.. of it ensures the elasticity e Metabolic role True - of the cell it's proliferation - it influences the shape , f Role in inhibiting memory processes False N and development g Insignificant role in cell development False - role in mechanical shock absorption h Role in movement inhibition X False - cell protection. i Role in destabilizing cell structure False Lubricating - rule. j Role in meiotic division False Me clasifide - ↑ I5 The glycocalyx is involved in: a Decreased permeability to ions True b Cell adhesion - True c Increasing the electrical resistance of the membrane True d Immunity True e Conferring an acidic character to the surface of the membrane True f Krebs cycle False g Elasticity of organs False h Diuresis False i Fatty acid synthesis False j Cell division False I6 The glycocalyx has NO role in: a Glomerular filtration True b Learning processes True c Tissue elasticity True d Elasticity of organs True e Protein synthesis True Xf The acidic character of the membrane False  X Xh X Xj g i Increasing the electrical resistance of the membrane False X Cell adhesion Immunity Decreased permeability to ions False False N False X I7 Choose the CORRECT answers regarding the extracellular matrix: a The extracellular matrix has a lubricating role & ↑ True b The extracellular matrix is involved in ensuring tissue elasticity - True c The extracellular matrix has a role in absorbing mechanical shocks True d The extracellular matrix is involved in stabilizing the physical structure of tissues True e The extracellular matrix plays a role in cell adhesion I True f The extracellular matrix plays a role in smell perception # False g The extracellular matrix is involved in membrane fluidity False h The extracellular matrix is directly involved in the hydrolysis of the ATP molecule False i The extracellular matrix is involved in synaptic transmission False j The extracellular matrix plays a role in taste perception X False I8 About the extracellular matrix it can be said that: a It is cell/tissue type specific True - b Can be braided (tendons) - ~ True c May be calcified (tooth or bone) - True d It represents all the molecules secreted by cells that are immobilized in the True extracellular space ~ - - e May be transparent (cornea) True f It is absent in plants X False & g It has no role in cell development h It is not involved in cell adhesion False False i It is involved in the transmission of genetic characters & False j Absent in mammals False I9 It can NOT be said about the extracellular matrix that: # a It is involved in protein synthesis 22. True => b It is absent in multicellular organisms ↑ True c It is involved in the transmission of genetic characters True d ( It is absent in plants X True e f =... It is involved in learning processes It is involved in cell development True False * g It may have a metabolic role False h It has a role in cell proliferation False  i It represents all the molecules secreted by cells that are immobilized in the False extracellular space j influence cell shape not responsible False I10 Choose the CORRECT answers regarding the extracellular matrix: a The extracellular matrix is NOT responsible for the release of cAMP into the cell True b The extracellular matrix may have a metabolic role & True c The extracellular matrix is NOT responsible for inhibiting memory processes True d The extracellular matrix is involved in cell protection True e The extracellular matrix plays a role in cell development True f The extracellular matrix is directly involved in the transformation of the ATP False molecule into ADP and phosphate g The extracellular matrix is responsible for converting the ATP molecule into False cAMP h The extracellular matrix is responsible for inhibiting memory processes False i The extracellular matrix is responsible for changing mood False j The extracellular matrix has NO role in the shape of the cell False I11 Extracellular matrix: a It can be calcified ⑨ b It has a lubricating role i True True c It has a role in stabilizing the physical structure of tissues True d It represents all the molecules secreted by cells and immobilized in the True - extracellular space e It has a role in absorbing mechanical shocks True f NO can influence cell proliferation and development False g It can NOT be transparent False h It can NOT be braided False i It represents the totality of molecules that enter the cell and remain at the cellular False level j It can NOT influence cell shape False I12 The MAJOR elements in the molecular composition of living matter are characterized by: a The presence of oxygen True b The presence of carbon True c The presence of nitrogen True d The presence of hydrogen True e Proportion of 2-60% for the majority compounds True f The presence of potassium/sodium False g The presence of trace elements False h Proportion of more than 60% for trace elements False i The presence of chlorine in abundance False j The presence of calcium/magnesium False I13 Water in biological systems: a It is found in a proportion of 60-90% in the cell True b Intracellularly it is found in free and bound form & True c It comes from endogenous and exogenous sources True d It is found in the intracellular compartment and the extracellular compartment, & True separated by the plasmalemma e It consists of two hydrogen atoms bonded to one oxygen atom > He0 - True f Intracellularly it is found only in bound form False g It is found only in the intracellular compartment False h Intracellularly it is found only in free form False i It comes only from endogenous sources False j Less than 50% is found in the body False I14 Choose the CORRECT answers about ions in biomembranes: a Ions can be fixed True b The amount of ions varies depending on the type of membrane True c The amount of ions varies according to the physiological state True d The amount of ions varies depending on the type of cell True e Ions can cross the membrane in both directions True f Membranes contain only fixed ions False g Membranes contain I only free ions False h Environmental conditions do NOT influence the amount of ions False - i Ions can NOT cross the membrane both ways - False j Physiological status does NOT influence ion levels - False I15 Choose the CORRECT answers regarding biomembranes: a The amount of ions depends on age True b The amount of ions depends on the environmental conditions True c The amount of ions depends on the type of membrane True d The amount of ions depends on the physiological state True e The amount of ions depends on the type of cell True f Age does NOT affect ion levels - False g Temperature does NOT affect ion level False -  h Pregnancy does NOT affect ion levels - False i Ion level is NOT tissue dependent - False j Membrane type does NOT influence ion level - False O I16 Select the FALSE statements about biomembranes: a Environmental conditions do NOT influence the amount of ions True b Pregnancy does NOT affect ion levels True c Ion concentration is NOT tissue dependent True d Physiological status does NOT influence the amount of ions True e Membrane type does NOT influence ion level - True f The ion concentration is influenced by the type of membrane False g The concentration of ions is influenced by the type of cell False - > h Hypertension does NOT influence ion concentration False i Environmental conditions influence ion concentration False j Age influences the amount of ions False I17 Membrane lipids can be: a Glycolipids True triglycerides ] - b Other lipids True - Cholesterl c Phospholipids True d triglycerides True Phosphatidic - acid e Cholesterol True - tecithin f proteins False. g Carbohydrates False h Amino acids False i Starch False j Nucleic acids False Me I18 Membrane lipids include: a Phosphatidic acids True b Cholesterol True c Glycolipids True d Fatty acid esters (saturated/unsaturated) True e Lecithin True f Esters of nucleic acids False g Ethers of amines False h Castor oil False i Starch False j Water esters False I19 Regarding membrane lipids, the following statements are TRUE: a The largest proportion is represented by phospholipids (40 – 50%) True b Glycolipids are found in membranes True c Membranes contain 10% other lipids True d Lecithin is found at the membrane level True e Membranes contain cholesterol (15 – 32%) True f The membranes do NOT contain triglycerides False g Lecithin is an enzyme X False h There are only simple lipids in the body False i Phospholipids are NOT found in membranes False j Membranes do NOT contain cholesterol False I20 Biomembranes can be: a Limiting cell membrane (plasmalemma) True b Dynamic structures, with mobile components True plasmalema c Membrane of cell organelles True d Special types (myelin sheath) e The nuclear membrane True True Dynamic stucture f Symmetrical structures False g Structures with free ends False h Structures that have interruptions False i Static structures, with fixed components False j Structures that do not contain proteins False I21 Regarding biomembranes, the following statements are TRUE: a The cell membrane is called the plasmalemma True b There are several types of membranes True c The current model is that of the fluid mosaic True d Membranes are made up of a phospholipid bilayer True e The myelin sheath is a special membrane True V f Membranes do NOT contain lipids False g There is only one type of membrane False h Proteins are placed only internally - False i The lipid bilayer is NOT the basic structure of membranes False j They are structures that have interruptions and free ends False I22 Regarding biomembranes, the following statements are TRUE: a The myelin sheath is a special membrane True b The cell membrane is called the plasmalemma True c The current model is that of the fluid mosaic True d Membranes are made up of a phospholipid bilayer True e There are several types of membranes True f Membranes do NOT contain lipids False g There is only one type of membrane False h The lipid bilayer is NOT the basic structure of membranes False i They are structures that have interruptions and free ends False j Proteins are placed only internally False I23 Regarding biomembranes, the following statements are TRUE: a Membranes are continuous structures without free ends True b Membrane proteins can be placed internally, externally and transmembrane True c Proteins and cholesterol are embedded between the two layers of membrane True phospholipids d Membranes are asymmetric structures, due to the asymmetric distribution of the True component molecules e Membrane lipids tend to spontaneously assemble, forming micelles True f Proteins are located only transmembrane False g They do not contain protein False h The lipid bilayer is NOT the basic structure of membranes False i Membranes are structures that have breaks and free ends False j There is only one type of membrane False I24 At the level of biomembranes, Van der Waals forces: a They are relatively strong at small intermolecular distances True b They are insignificant at long distances True c They play a role in biochemical processes in cells True d It results from the attractive forces between the atoms of different macromolecules True e They occur in highly concentrated solutions True f They do NOT intervene in biochemical processes False g It results from the repulsive forces between the atoms of different macromolecules False h They are significant at long distances False i They appear in dilute solutions False j They are relatively weak at small intermolecular distances False I25 Ionic bonds at the level of biomembranes: *  a They appear between arginine/lysine in the structure of histone proteins True b They can be H-bridged connections True c They assume electrostatic attraction between atoms with opposite electrical True charges d They occur between the negatively charged phosphate groups in DNA and the True positively charged amino groups in amino acids - e They are weak in aqueous solutions, but strong in the absence of water True f They assume electrostatic attraction between atoms of the same charge False g They occur between non-polar/hydrophobic segments of macromolecules False h They occur between proteins and lipids False i They are weak in the absence of water False j They are linked by O2 bridges False & I26 At the level of biomembranes, hydrophobic interactions: a They occur between proteins and lipids True b It determines the insoluble nature of hydrophobic groups True c They appear between nonpolar segments of macromolecules True d It contributes to the formation of micelles from lipids True e They appear between the non-polar segments of macromolecules True f They are weak in aqueous solutions False g They occur between carbohydrates and lipids False h They are strong in the absence of water False i They appear between the hydrophilic segments of macromolecules False j Determines the solubility of hydrophobic groups False I27 Membrane phospholipids include: a Mono-phosphatidylglycerol = True b Cephalin True cardinair c Lecithin - True d Phosphatidic acids True e Cardiolipin True f Deoxyribonucleic acid False g Adenosine triphosphate False = h Lectin False i Adenosine monophosphate False j Ribonucleic acid False I28 About the lipids in the composition of biomembranes it can be said that: a Gives flexibility to membranes True b Glycerides have a glycerol group in the structure True c Phospholipids have a hydrophilic head and hydrophobic tail True d They are represented by phospholipids, glycolipids and cholesterol True e It forms a biochemical barrier True f Phospholipids are hydrophilic components False g They are hydrophilic False h It gives stiffness to the membranes False i They can perform their functions regardless of fluidity False j Cholesterol is a small molecule False I29 Membrane phospholipids do NOT include: a plastids True b Ascorbic acid True c Ribonucleic acid True d nucleotides True e Salicylic acid True f Cardiolipin False g Cephalin False h Lecithin = False i Mono-phosphatidylglycerol False j Phosphatidic acid False X & I30 Regarding lipids in biomembranes, the following statements are TRUE: a Lipid composition determines the physical state of the membrane True b Lateral diffusion is the most common type of movement for membrane lipids True c The flexibility due to lipids at the membrane level allows membranes to be True deformable d Membrane lipids can move across membranes True e Membrane lipids provide precursors for a number of active messengers involved in True the regulation of cellular functions f Membrane lipids are bound to neurons False g Lipids do NOT allow membranes to deform False h The position of lipids in membranes is fixed False i Fluidity is not essential for cellular functions False j Lipids do not influence membrane fluidity False I31 Regarding glycerides in biomembranes, the following statements are TRUE: a They are glycerol esters True b Triglycerides contain three fatty acids attached to glycerol True c They belong to the group of membrane lipids True d They can be classified into three groups True e They contain at least one saturated fatty acid True f The hydrophobic tail consists of glycerol False g Fatty acids represent the hydrophilic part of glycerides False h They are not important for the body False i Diglycerides contain three fatty acids attached to glycerol False j They belong to the group of membrane proteins False I32 Membrane glycerides: a It can be triglycerides True b It results from the association of glycerol with one or more fatty acids True c They can be monoglycerides True d They can be diglycerides True e At least one of the fatty acids bound to glycerol must be saturated True f They can NOT be monoglycerides False g They belong to the group of complex lipids False h They are proteins False i It can NOT be triglycerides False j They can NOT be diglycerides False I33 Regarding membrane glycerides, the following statements are TRUE: a Monoglycerides include a single fatty acid True b Glycerol is the hydrophilic part of the molecule True c Diglycerides include two fatty acids True d Triglycerides include three fatty acids True e Excess glycerides/triglycerides favor the occurrence of atherosclerosis True f The excess of glycerides/triglycerides favors the occurrence of diuresis False g Glycerides are NOT only in the form of triglycerides False h Excess glycerides/triglycerides favor the occurrence of renal failure False i Glycerides do NOT contain glycerol False j Excess glycerides/triglycerides favor the occurrence of urinary infections False I34 The following can be said about membrane triglycerides: a Hypertriglyceridemia are disorders of glyceride metabolism True b They are sources of energy for the body True c In excess, it favors the occurrence of cardiovascular diseases True d They are glycerol esters True e They contain three fatty acids in the molecule True f They do NOT contain saturated fatty acids False g They contain two fatty acids linked to glycerol False h They are NOT sources of energy for the body False i Glycerol is the hydrophobic part of the molecule False j They are NOT glycerol esters False I35 Regarding membrane glycerides, the following statements are TRUE: a The hydrophobic side of the glycerides is oriented towards the interior of the True bilayer b Fatty acids can contain only one double bond True c They are lipids with an amphiphilic structure True d Polyunsaturated fatty acids contain more double bonds True e Membrane fatty acids can be saturated True f A fatty acid with at least two double bonds is saturated False g Monounsaturated fatty acids contain more double bonds False h A fatty acid with only one double bond is polyunsaturated False i The hydrophilic side of the glycerides is oriented towards the interior of the bilayer False j The hydrophobic side of the glycerides faces the outside of the bilayer False I36 Regarding membrane phospholipids, the following statements are TRUE: a Sphingosine enters into the composition of phosphosphingosides True b It presents a hydrophilic part True c They can be phosphoglycerides True d They can be phosphosphingosides True e The hydrophilic part includes glycerol, choline and a phosphate group True f The most common phospholipid is sialic acid False g Phosphatidylcholines include serine as a hydrophilic molecule False h Phosphatidylserines include choline as a hydrophilic molecule False i The most common phospholipid is cholesterol False j The hydrophilic part includes the fatty acids False I37 Regarding membrane phospholipids, the following statements are TRUE: a The hydrophilic part includes a hydrophilic molecule, glycerol and a phosphate True group b They consist of a hydrophobic part and a hydrophilic part True c In sphingosides glycerin is replaced by sphingosine True d Phosphatidylcholines include choline as the hydrophilic molecule True e Phosphatidylcholine is the most common phospholipid True f Inositol is the hydrophilic molecule in phosphatidylcholine False g The hydrophobic part includes the phosphate group False h Ethanolamine is the hydrophilic molecule in phosphatidylserine False i Phospholipids are always found in the same proportion regardless of the type of False membrane j Phosphatidylserines include choline as a hydrophilic molecule False I38 Choose the TRUE answers regarding membrane phospholipids: a The cell controls the proportion of phospholipids at the membrane level True b Cardiolipins are phospholipids specific to the inner mitochondrial membrane True c Phospholipids are found in different proportions in the membranes of various cells True d Lecithin is a phospholipid that contains choline True e Cardiolipins include two molecules of phosphatidic acid True f The hydrophilic compound in phosphoglycerides is always the same False g The hydrophilic molecule is represented by a fatty acid False h Cardiolipins are NOT found in mitochondrial membranes False i The cell does NOT control the proportion of phospholipids at the membrane level False j Lecithin is a phospholipid that contains phosphatidic acid False I39 Choose the TRUE answers about lecithin: a The hydrophilic part of the molecule is choline True b It is the most common phospholipid in membranes True c It belongs to the group of phosphoglycerides True d It is also known as phosphatidylcholine True e It is a phospholipid True f It is also known as phosphatidic acid False g The hydrophilic part of the molecule is phosphatidic acid False h The hydrophilic part of the molecule is serine False i It has protein structure False j It is also known as cardiolipin False I40 Regarding membrane sphingolipids, the following statements are TRUE: a They include gangliosides True b Gangliosides usually contain oligosaccharides and sialic acid True c Cerebrosides contain a monosaccharide True d They are derivatives of sphingosine True e They include cerebrosides True f Sphingolipids do NOT contain amino groups False g Sphingomyelin is NOT a sphingolipid False h Gangliosides contain proteins False i Cerebrosides are protein compounds False j The basic structure of sphingolipids is glycoprotein type False I41 Regarding membrane sphingolipids, the following statements are FALSE: a Cerebrosides are NOT derivatives of sphingosine True b Gangliosides are NOT derivatives of sphingosine True c Sphingolipids are derivatives of glycerin True d Gangliosides contain proteins True e Cerebrosides are nucleic acids True f The basic structure of sphingolipids does NOT contain fatty acids False g Sphingolipids are derivatives of an amino alcohol (sphingosine) False h Sphingomyelin is a sphingolipid False i Sphingolipids contain amino groups False j The basic structure of sphingolipids does NOT contain glycerol False I42 Regarding membrane glycolipids, the following statements are TRUE: a Myelin contains galactocerebrosides True b The most widespread are neutral glycolipids True c Gangliosides are the most complex glycolipids True d They are found mostly in the outer half of the membrane True e Gangliosides are found mainly in the plasmalemma of neurons True f They are found mostly in the inner half of the membrane False g Glycolipids in animal cell membranes have a protein backbone False h Galactocerebrosides do NOT have an electrical insulating role at the membrane False level i Fewer than 10 gangliosides are known False j Galactocerebrosides are NOT found in myelin False I43 Regarding membrane glycolipids, the following statements are FALSE: a There are less than 15 gangliosides True b They are found mostly in the inner half of the membrane True c Glycolipids in animal cell membranes have a protein backbone True d Gangliosides do NOT act as receptors on the cell surface True e Galactocerebrosides do NOT have an electrical insulating role at the membrane True level f They are found mostly in the outer half of the membrane False g Gangliosides are the most complex glycolipid structures False h Myelin contains galactocerebrosides with an electrical insulating role False i There are more than 30 gangliosides False j The most widespread are neutral glycolipids False I44 Regarding cholesterol, the following statements are TRUE: a It has a strong hydrophobic character True b It is a large molecule (it has 27 carbon atoms) True c It is a molecule arranged homogeneously in the lipid bilayer True d The structure contains four cycles and one chain True e It gives rigidity to the plasmalemma True f It is a small molecule False g It is unevenly distributed in the membrane False h It is a hydrophilic compound False i NOT important for regulation of membrane fluidity and stability False j Contains less than 20 carbon atoms False I45 Regarding cholesterol, the following statements are TRUE: a It is a molecule arranged homogeneously in the lipid bilayer True b Increases the stability of the phospholipid layer True c It separates the fatty acid chains from the membrane phospholipid layer True d It gives rigidity to the plasmalemma True e It has a role in regulating fluidity True f It is unevenly distributed in the membrane False g NOT important for regulation of membrane fluidity and stability False h It is a small molecule False i Contains no more than 15 carbon atoms False j It is an amphiphilic compound False I46 Regarding cholesterol, the following statements are FALSE: a It is an amphiphilic compound True b It contains between 15 and 20 carbon atoms True c It is distributed to the outside of the membranes True d It is a strongly hydrophilic molecule True e It is unimportant for membrane stability True f Increases the stability of the phospholipid layer False g It has a role in regulating fluidity False h It disperses the fatty acid chains in the membrane phospholipid layer False i Regulates plasmalemma fluidity False j It maintains the mechanical stability of the membranes False I47 Cholesterol in the cell membrane has a role in: a Increasing the stability of the phospholipid bilayer True b Maintaining the mechanical stability of membranes True c Dispersion of fatty acid chains in the phospholipid bilayer True d It gives strength and rigidity to the membranes True e Regulation of membrane fluidity True f Synthesis of phosphatidic acids False g Decreased membrane resistance False h Decreased membrane fluidity False i Protein synthesis False j Carbohydrate synthesis False I48 Regarding cholesterol, the following statements are TRUE: a LDL stands for low-density lipoproteins with large dimensions True b Lipoproteins have different densities True c HDL stands for low-density lipoproteins True d It is transported in the body with the help of lipoproteins True e Lipoproteins have different sizes True f HDL-type lipoproteins have an affinity for receptors in the vascular endothelium False g LDL-type lipoproteins have NO affinity for receptors in the vascular endothelium False h Lipoproteins do NOT have different densities False i Lipoproteins are the same size False j Adipocytes are involved in cholesterol metabolism False I49 The following can be said about lipoproteins: a LDL lipoproteins are recognized as proatherogenic True b HDL has increased affinity for cellular receptors in the liver True c HDL lipoproteins have a role in the demobilization and metabolism of cholesterol True d They have different sizes and densities True e They play a role in the transport and metabolism of cholesterol True f Adipocytes are involved in cholesterol metabolism False g LDL-type lipoproteins have an affinity for receptors in the liver False h LDL lipoproteins are NOT proatherogenic False i HDL-type lipoproteins have an affinity for receptors in the vascular endothelium False j LDL lipoproteins play a role in cholesterol metabolism False I50 About the proteins in the composition of biomembranes it can be said that: a It confers, along with lipids, the mosaic structure True b They can be simple (holoproteins) or metalloproteins True c Peptides are proteins resulting from the condensation of 2 or more amino acids True d They are first-order structural and functional components of living matter True e Collagen and elastin are proteins with a structural role True f Actin and myosin are proteins with a structural role False g Cell multiplication and growth do not depend on proteins False h It does NOT contribute to the mosaic structure False i Immunoglobulins are structural proteins False j Antibodies are reserve proteins False I51 The role of membrane proteins can be expressed by: a Involvement in and with membrane enzymes, thus being catalysts of metabolic True processes b Passive exchanges between the cell and the environment, in the direction of the True concentration gradient, at the level of ion channels c Keeping cells in contact and joining them into tissues by means of junctions True d Involvement in active transport ensures ion concentration True e Transmitting messages that require the presence of receptor proteins True f Active transport, without involvement in passive exchanges False g Passive transport against the concentration gradient False h The synthesis of cyclic AMP is not consecutive to the activity of the receptor False proteins i Passive transport with ATP consumption False j Active transport up the concentration gradient False I52 Regarding membrane proteins, the following statements are TRUE: a According to the three-dimensional conformation they can be globular proteins True b According to the three-dimensional conformation they can be fibrillar proteins True c They are chains of amino acids (amino acids) linked by peptide bridges True d They are components with a structural role True e They are components with a functional role True f Metalloproteins contain lipids False g They are chains of fatty acids False h Heteroproteins are simple proteins False i They contain phosphatidic acid in the structure False j Peptides are lipids resulting from the condensation of some amino acids False I53 Choose the CORRECT answers about proteins: a Non-essential amino acids can be synthesized by the body True b The prosthetic group of heteroproteins can be a metal True c Peptides are proteins resulting from the condensation of several amino acids True d They can be simple or conjugated True e There are 8 essential amino acids True f There are 20 essential amino acids False g The prosthetic group of heteroproteins can NOT be a metal False h Essential amino acids can be synthesized by the body False i The prosthetic group of heteroproteins can NOT be a nucleic acid False j Nucleotides are conjugated proteins that contain a metal False I54 After prosthetic grouping, proteins can be: a lipoprotein True b metalloprotein True c nucleoprotein True d Glycoproteins True e Phosphoproteins True f Cholesterol False g Sialic acid False h Lecithin False i Nucleic acids False j Cephalin False I55 Choose the CORRECT answers regarding heteroproteins: a Pituitary hormones are part of the glycoprotein group True b Nucleotides contain nucleic acids True c Ferritin is a metalloprotein True d Lipoproteins may contain lecithin True e Casein is a phosphoprotein True f Lipoproteins can NOT contain cholesterol False g Nucleotides contain phosphate groups False h Hemoglobin is a nucleotide False i Hemoglobin is a polypeptide False j Casein is NOT a phosphoprotein False I56 Membrane proteins can be: a Mechano-contractiles True b structure True c With hormonal function True d Involved in active transport True e Enzymes/with enzymatic action True f Cholesterol False g Insignificant at the cellular level False h triglycerides False i No function False j Starch False I57 According to their biological role, membrane proteins can be: a Reserve True b With hormonal action True c The contracts True d Protective True e structure True f nucleotides False g AMINO False h Glycoproteins False i Oligopeptides False j conjugated False I58 Choose the CORRECT answers about membrane proteins: a Actin is a mechano-contractile protein True b Collagen is a structural protein True c Immunoglobulins are proteins with a protective role True d Proteins can act as receptors True e Antibodies are proteins with a protective role True f Proteins can NOT be attached to the surface of the cell membrane False g Fibrillar proteins are the most common channel proteins False h Globular proteins are the most common cellular receptors False i Proteins are NOT important at the cellular level False j Transmembrane proteins do NOT cross the membrane False I59 Choose the CORRECT answers about proteins: a Globular proteins are the most common channel proteins True b Peripheral proteins (on the surface) attach non-covalently to the phospholipid True bilayer c Fibrillar proteins are the most common cellular receptors True d Collagen and elastin are fibrillar proteins True e Transmembrane proteins attach to the phospholipid bilayer by covalent bonds True f Proteins can NOT be inserted into the membrane False g Membranes do NOT contain channel proteins False h Proteins can NOT be membrane anchored False i Proteins are NOT important at the cellular level False j Proteins can NOT be attached to the surface of the cell membrane False I60 Choose the CORRECT answers regarding the role of proteins: a Spectrins imprint the specific shape of the membrane True b Channel proteins play a role in active transport True c Receptor proteins are involved in cell signaling True d Proteins can be catalysts of metabolic processes True e It ensures the concentration of ions at the cellular level True f Proteins can NOT be catalysts of metabolic processes False g ATP is a second messenger False h Receptor proteins are involved in free diffusion False i ATP acts as an ion pump False j Spectrins are NOT support proteins False I61 About the carbohydrates in the composition of biomembranes it can be stated that: a Carbohydrates can be attached to the membrane or to membrane proteins and play True a role in cell signaling b They are about 8% True c They can be bound to proteins or lipids True d They play a role in recognizing molecules True e They can be monosaccharides, oligosaccharides, heterosides True f They are present at the membrane level in the highest proportion False g They can only be monosaccharides False h Glucose is a polysaccharide False i The glycocalyx represents the totality of oligosaccharides False j Galactose and mannose are NOT monosaccharides False I62 Choose the CORRECT answers regarding membrane carbohydrates: a Sialic acid plays a role in cell secretion True b Heterosides can be glycolipids and glycoproteins True c Glycoproteins are heterosides True d They can be classified into hexoses and hexosamines True e Glycolipids are related to lipids True f Oligosaccharides contain a single carbohydrate compound False g Heterosides include glucose and sucrose False h Monosaccharides are polymers False i Lactose is a heteroside False j Starch is part of heterosides False I63 Choose the CORRECT answers regarding membrane carbohydrates: a Glycogen is a branched polymer of glucose True b Chitin is a polysaccharide with a structural role True c Cellulose is a polysaccharide True d Glycogen is synthesized in the liver True e Sucrose is an oligosaccharide True f Monosaccharides are polymers False g Starch is part of heterosides False h Oligosaccharides contain a single carbohydrate compound False i Maltose is a heteroside False j Heterosides include maltose and sucrose False I64 Choose the CORRECT answers regarding membrane carbohydrates: a Glycogen is synthesized at the level of hepatocytes True b The replacement of a hydroxyl group with an amino group forms True aminosaccharides c Chitin is a polysaccharide True d Starch is a polymer of glucose True e Cellulose has a structural role True f Starch is part of heterosides False g Monosaccharides are polymers False h Maltose is a heteroside False i Heterosides include maltose and sucrose False j Oligosaccharides contain long chains of carbohydrates (more than 25) False I65 Choose the CORRECT answers regarding membrane carbohydrates: a They can be bound to lipids True b Glycoproteins contain carbohydrates linked to amino acids True c They are involved in cellular communication processes True d They can be protein bound True e They are found in the structure of proteoglycans True f Carbohydrates can NOT bind to serine False g Carbohydrates can NOT bind to hydroxylysine False h Carbohydrates CANNOT bind to threonine False i Membrane carbohydrates are NOT specific False j They do not act as surface antigens False I66 Membrane glycoproteins: a They can be O-glycosides True b They are surface antigens True c They can be N-glycosides True d They are recognition sites True e They are linked to amino acids True f They are lipids False g They are enzymes False h They are phospholipids False i They can NOT bind to threonine False j They act as catalysts False I67 Choose the CORRECT answers regarding cardiolipin: a include two molecules of phosphatidic acid True b are phospholipids specific to the inner mitochondrial membrane True c They are complex lipids True d The hydrophobic part is represented by fatty acids True e They are part of membrane phospholipids True f are involved in free diffusion False g they are proteins with a supporting role False h They are transport proteins False i They are part of the glycocalyx False j They are NOT found in mitochondrial membranes False I68 Membrane carbohydrates: a They can be N-glycosides True b They can be O-glycosides True c They are hexosamines True d They are hexoses True e They include sialic acid True f They include lecithin False g They include cardiolipin False h They are ketones False i They can be C-glycosides False j They include cholesterol False I69 Choose the FALSE answers regarding membrane carbohydrates: a They include chromatin True b They include karyoplasm True c They can be C-glycosides True d They include cholesterol True e They have functional ketone groups True f They can be O-glycosides False g They can be hexoses False h They can be hexosamines False i They include sialic acid False j They can be N-glycosides False I70 Choose the FALSE answers regarding the glycocalyx: a It has NO role in maintaining cell shape True b NO cell adhesion is involved True c It has a role in the synthesis of cAMP True d It is involved in the synthesis of ATP True e It is involved in protein synthesis True f It plays a role in immunity False g It plays a role in cell adhesion False h It has a role in increasing the electrical resistance of the membrane False i It is a loose "sleeve" with an acidic character False j It has a role in decreasing ion permeability False I71 Select the CORRECT statements regarding glycocalyx: a It has a role in endocytosis True b It has a role in increasing the electrical resistance of the membrane True c It has an absorption role True d It plays a role in cell adhesion True e It has a role in decreasing ion permeability True f It is involved in the synthesis of ATP False g It has a role in the synthesis of cAMP False h It is involved in protein synthesis False i NO cell adhesion is involved False j It is involved in maintaining the shape of the cell False I72 Choose the CORRECT answers regarding the role of the glycocalyx: a Increases resistance to mucolytic enzymes True b It is involved in cellular recognition phenomena True c Increases resistance to proteolytic enzymes True d It is involved in the processes of phagocytosis True e Fixes antibodies True f Stimulates ATP synthesis False g Inhibits the release of inositol triphosphate False h It is unimportant in cell adhesion False i It is involved in maintaining the shape of the cell False j It is involved in protein synthesis False I73 The main biological properties of lectins are: a Cytoagglutination True b Erythroagglutination according to blood group True c The precipitation True d Mitogenicity True e Antimitogenicity against tumor cells True f Lack of affinity for endogenous compounds False g Mutagenicity False h Erytoagglutinin False i Lack of ability to recognize exogenous compounds False j The impossibility of highlighting abnormal transformations at the membrane level False I74 Choose the CORRECT answers regarding the role of lectins: a Tumor cells can be cytoagglutinated by lectins True b Mitogenicity of lectins is shown against lymphocytes True c The antimitogenicity of lectins is manifested against tumor cells True d Mitogenicity of lectins is shown against old embryonic cells True e Lectins cytoagglutinate normal cells that have undergone proteolysis True f Mitogenicity of lectins is shown against cholesterol False g The mitogenicity of lectins is manifested against carbohydrate macromolecules False h The antimitogenicity of lectins represents the ability to recognize blood group False i The antimitogenicity of lectins is manifested against cholesterol False j Erythroagglutination represents the ability to agglutinate lipid molecules False I75 Choose the WRONG answers about lectins and their role: a Lectins show mitogenicity towards old embryonic cells True b Lectins cytoagglutinate tumor cells True c Tumor cells can be cytoagglutinated by lectins True d Lectins show antimitogenicity towards tumor cells True e Lectins cytoagglutinate normal cells that have undergone proteolysis True f The antimitogenicity of lectins represents the ability to recognize blood group False g Erythroagglutination represents the ability to agglutinate lipid molecules False h Mitogenicity of lectins represents the ability to identify the animal species False i The antimitogenicity of lectins is manifested against cholesterol False j The mitogenicity of lectins is manifested against carbohydrate macromolecules False I76 Lectins are involved in: a Cytoagglutination of some tumor cells True b Antimitogenicity against tumor cells True c Precipitation of carbohydrate macromolecules True d Mitogenicity towards lymphocytes True e Erythroagglutination according to blood group True f Cytoagglutination of hemoglobin False g Cytoagglutination of carbohydrate macromolecules False h Agglutination of lipid molecules False i Cellular mutagenicity False j Precipitation of cholesterol molecules False I77 Choose the CORRECT statements about cell membranes and their components: a The hydrophilic pole of glycoproteins is oriented outward True b Glycoproteins act as recognition sites for other cells True c The membrane has a sleeve made of glycoproteins on the outside True d The membrane is made up of phospholipids and proteins True e The hydrophobic pole of glycoproteins is anchored in the matrix of the True protoplasmic membrane f The glycocalyx is involved in ATP synthesis False g The antimitogenicity of lectins is manifested against cholesterol False h The antimitogenicity of lectins represents the ability to recognize blood group False i Glycoproteins are NOT important for cell adhesion False j Glycoproteins have NO role in cell proliferation False I78 About glycoproteins it can be stated that: a Lectins are able to highlight the abnormal transformations at the membrane level True b Glycoproteins act as recognition sites for exogenous substances True c The hydrophilic pole of glycoproteins is oriented outward True d Lectins react with the carbohydrate residues on the membrane surface and True agglutinate the cell e The hydrophobic pole of glycoproteins is anchored in the matrix of the True protoplasmic membrane f Glycoproteins do NOT exhibit antimitotic action False g Glycoproteins are NOT important for cell adhesion False h Glycoproteins have NO role in cell proliferation False i Glycoproteins are NOT agglutinating False j Abnormal cell transformation processes are NOT highlighted by lectins False I79 It can NOT be said about glycoproteins that: a Glycoproteins are NOT agglutinating True b Glycoproteins are NOT important for cell adhesion True c Glycoproteins have NO role in cell proliferation True d Abnormal cell transformation processes are NOT highlighted by lectins True e Glycoproteins do NOT exhibit antimitotic action True f Lectins react with the carbohydrate residues on the membrane surface and False agglutinate the cell g Glycoproteins act as recognition sites for exogenous substances False h The hydrophilic pole of glycoproteins is oriented outward False i The hydrophobic pole of glycoproteins is anchored in the matrix of the False protoplasmic membrane j Lectins are able to highlight the abnormal transformations at the membrane level False I80 Choose the CORRECT answers regarding membrane glycolipids: a The oligosaccharide chains are placed on the outer surface of the membrane True b Membrane glycolipids contain different types of carbohydrate molecules True c They act as recognition sites for exogenous substances True d In E. coli glycolipids are present on the fimbriae True e The structure of the oligosaccharide chains is varied True f They do not contain oligosaccharides False g Glycolipids show antimitotic action False h The hydrophobic pole of glycolipids is oriented outward False i Oligosaccharide chains are placed inside the membrane False j The hydrophilic pole of glycolipids is oriented inward False I81 In E. coli, the LACK of fimbriae P determines: a Decreased adhesion to the renal epithelium True b Inability to proliferate True c Non-pathogenicity True d The impossibility of fixing the bacterium True e Decreased infectivity True f Encapsulation of the bacterium False g Increased adhesion to the renal epithelium False h Adhesion at the bladder level False i Increased pathogenicity False j Spread of infection False I82 In E. coli, the PRESENCE of P fimbriae determines: a Increased pathogenicity True b Increased adhesion to the renal epithelium True c Spread of infection True d Adhesion at the bladder level True e Encapsulation of the bacterium True f The impossibility of fixing the bacterium False g Inability to proliferate False h Decreased adhesion to the renal epithelium False i Lack of pathogenicity False j Decreased infectivity False I83 For Escherichia coli: a P fimbriae are sensitive to mannose True b Adhesion is achieved by the lectins displayed on the surface of the fimbriae True c Fimbrial lectins attach to host tissue carbohydrates True d P fimbrial lectin contains galactose True e P fimbriae contain the pathogenicity marker True f Adhesion is achieved by means of type 1 fimbriae False g Type 1 fimbriae are the key element in the development of an infection False h P fimbriae are sensitive to fructose False i Type 1 fimbriae contain the pathogenicity marker False j Fimbrial lectins do NOT bind to host tissue carbohydrates False I84 Choose the CORRECT answers cell adhesion of E. coli bacteria to the urinary epithelium: a The increased adhesion to the renal epithelium is given by the fimbriae of P True b Adhesion at the bladder level causes urinary infections True c It causes an increase in pathogenicity True d It causes the infection to spread True e It is important for the penetration/encapsulation of the bacterium in the True uroepithelial cells f Fimbrial lectins do NOT bind to host tissue carbohydrates False g Adhesion at bladder level does NOT cause urinary infections False h P fimbriae are sensitive to fructose False i Type 1 fimbriae contain the pathogenicity marker False j Type 1 fimbriae are the key element in the development of an infection False I85 The presence of P fimbriae (E. coli) determines: a Encapsulation of the bacterium True b Occurrence of urinary infections True c Adhesion at the bladder level True d Spread of infection True e Penetration into the uroepithelial cell wall True f It causes a decrease in resistance to antibiotics False g Inhibiting the spread of infection False h Absence of urinary infection False i The impossibility of fixing the bacterium False j Non-pathogenicity False I86 Choose the CORRECT answers about water in cell membranes: a it's free True b it is structural True c participates in electron transport True d has a proportion of 30-50% True e has the role of a binder True f It does NOT participate in proton transport False g It can NOT be anything but structural False h The two forms are NOT found simultaneously in the same membrane False i It is NOT involved in the formation of hydrogen bonds False j It is NOT only in free form False I87 Choose the CORRECT answers related to the structure of water: a Relatively weak hydrogen bonds are formed through the phenomenon of True electrostatic attraction b It is an electric dipole True c It contains two hydrogen atoms, bound to one oxygen atom by covalent bonds True d It contains two electrons around the oxygen atom and 8 more around 4 elliptical True orbits, giving electrical asymmetry e The hydrogen atoms have a partially positive charge and the oxygen partially True negative f Hydrogen atoms have a partially negative charge and oxygen partially positive, False g It contains two hydrogen atoms, linked to one oxygen atom by ionic bonds False h It contains two oxygen atoms, bonded to one hydrogen atom False i It does not participate in the formation of hydrogen bridges False j Relatively strong hydrogen bonds are formed through the phenomenon of False electrostatic attraction I88 Choose the CORRECT statements about the roles of water: a Universal solvent True b Flotation medium of some free cells True c It gives mechanical protection to some systems True d It is necessary for hydrolysis reactions (in plants it is the primary reactant for True photosynthesis) e End product of biological oxidation and condensation reactions True f The transport medium of substances from one cell to another, but it can NOT False intervene in the elimination of catabolism products g Its role in photosynthesis is negligible False h It can NOT intervene in the buffering of temperature variations False i It is an intermediate product of biological oxidation False j Evaporation of water and release of heat cannot represent a way of thermal False regulation I89 Choose the CORRECT statements about the inorganic constituents of cell membranes: a They can be mobile ions True b They are part of the edifice of membranes True c They can be fixed ions True d They can be transit ions True e They can intervene in a number of metabolic processes True f They are lipids lipids False g They contain protein False h It does NOT cross the membrane False i They are only fixed ions False j They are carbohydrates False I90 Choose the FALSE statements about the inorganic constituents of cell membranes: a Magnesium and calcium are transit ions True b They contain lipids True c It does NOT cross the membrane True d They are carbohydrates True e They contain protein True f Fixed ions are an integral part of membranes False g They are fixed and mobile False h Mobile ions cross membranes False i Magnesium and calcium are ions fixed on molecules False j Transit ions can intervene in some metabolic processes False I91 Nuclear envelope: a It is part of the structure of the nucleus True b Performs transport function True c Performs metabolic function True d It is a lipoprotein complex True e It consists of the outer nuclear membrane, the inner nuclear membrane and nuclear True pores f It has a triple structure False g Performs the function of damping mechanical shocks False h It consists only of carbohydrates and proteins False i It is NOT involved in cellular detoxification False j It is an impermeable membrane for amino acids, metabolites and steroid hormones False I92 Choose the FALSE statements about the nuclear envelope: a It is an impermeable membrane for amino acids, metabolites and steroid hormones True b It is NOT involved in cellular detoxification True c It has a triple structure True d Performs the function of damping mechanical shocks True e It consists only of carbohydrates and proteins True f It consists of the outer nuclear membrane, the inner nuclear membrane and nuclear False pores g It is a lipoprotein complex False h Performs transport function False i It is part of the structure of the nucleus False j Performs metabolic function False I93 Endoplasmic reticulum: a The smooth endoplasmic reticulum has the specific function of detoxification True b It is a membranous cell organelle True c It is made up of proteins and lipids True d The rough endoplasmic reticulum has the specific function of synthesizing and True sorting proteins through the presence of ribosomes e It can be rough (RER) or smooth (REN) True f Vesicles only enter the smooth endoplasmic reticulum False g Rough endoplasmic reticulum and smooth endoplasmic reticulum do NOT have False common functions, only specific ones h The function of mechanical support for the cytoplasm is specific to the rough False endoplasmic reticulum i The function of detoxification is a function common to both rough and smooth False endoplasmic reticulum j The endoplasmic reticulum is made up of only carbohydrates and lipids False I94 Choose the FALSE statements about the endoplasmic reticulum: a The function of mechanical support for the cytoplasm is specific to the rough True endoplasmic reticulum b The function of detoxification is a function common to both rough and smooth True endoplasmic reticulum c Rough endoplasmic reticulum and smooth endoplasmic reticulum do NOT have True common functions, only specific ones d Vesicles only enter the smooth endoplasmic reticulum True e The endoplasmic reticulum is made up of only carbohydrates and lipids True f It can be rough (RER) or smooth (REN) False g It is made up of proteins and lipids False h It is a membranous cell organelle False i The rough endoplasmic reticulum has the specific function of synthesizing proteins False j The smooth endoplasmic reticulum has the specific function of detoxification False I95 About nucleoli it can be stated that: a They are found in eukaryotes in interphase True b They are responsible for the synthesis of ribonucleic acids True c They have heterogeneous content True d They are involved in the transfer of mRNA and tRNA into the cytoplasm True e They have a role in rRNA synthesis True f They have homogeneous content False g They can be rough or smooth False h They are NOT involved in the synthesis of ribonucleic acids False i They have NO role in the transfer of mRNA and tRNA into the cytoplasm False j They are NOT involved in preparation for mitosis False I96 Choose the TRUE statements about the endoplasmic reticulum: a It is a membranous cell organelle True b The endoplasmic reticulum has a role in calcium storage True c The rough endoplasmic reticulum is involved in protein synthesis True d It consists of a complex tubular system and a network of vesicles True e The smooth endoplasmic reticulum is involved in lipid synthesis True f Rough endoplasmic reticulum and smooth endoplasmic reticulum do NOT have False common functions, only specific ones g The function of mechanical support for the cytoplasm is specific to the rough False endoplasmic reticulum h The function of detoxification is a function common to both rough and smooth False endoplasmic reticulum i The endoplasmic reticulum is made up of only carbohydrates and lipids False j Vesicles only enter the smooth endoplasmic reticulum False I97 Choose the TRUE statements about the functions of the endoplasmic reticulum: a The endoplasmic reticulum has a role in calcium storage True b The endoplasmic reticulum is involved in the synthesis of phospholipids True c The rough endoplasmic reticulum is involved in the glycosylation of the True polypeptide chain d The smooth endoplasmic reticulum is involved in lipid synthesis True e The rough endoplasmic reticulum has the ability to capture and translocate True proteins f The endoplasmic reticulum does NOT have a mechanical support function for the False cytoplasm g The endoplasmic reticulum is made up of only carbohydrates and lipids False h Rough and smooth endoplasmic reticulum have only specific functions False i The endoplasmic reticulum is NOT an intracytoplasmic circulatory system False j The function of detoxification is a function common to both rough and smooth False endoplasmic reticulum I98 The functions of the endoplasmic reticulum are: a Calcium release/storage True b Synthesis of phospholipids True c Release of glucose from glycogen True d Mechanical support for cytoplasm (intracytoplasmic circulatory system) True e Protein synthesis True f Mitogenicity False g Role of surface antigens False h Diuresis False i Cytoagglutination False j Role in bacterial species recognition False I99 Golgi Apparatus: a It is involved in directing membrane traffic in the form of vesicles True b It consists of a group of tanks True c It has functions related to cellular secretion, with a central role in it True d Recycles membranes True e Participates in the biogenesis of lysosomes True f Sending vesicles received from the endoplasmic reticulum is NOT an activity of False his g Membrane biogenesis does not enter into its functions False h It does NOT communicate with the endoplasmic reticulum False i It consists of a group of ion channels False j It is located where metabolic activity is reduced False I10 Choose the TRUE statements about the Golgi apparatus: 0 a It has a structure of flattened tanks True b Directs membrane traffic in the form of vesicles True c It is involved in the biogenesis of lysosomes True d It has a central role in cell secretion True e Contains membranes, vesicles and tubes (polymorphic appearance) True f It has NO role in the sorting of secretion products False g It has NO functions related to cell secretion False h It is rough and smooth type False i It has a uniform appearance False j It is located where metabolic activity is reduced False I10 The Golgi apparatus can perform the following functions: 1 a Glycolysis of glycolipids True b Conversion of pre-proteins to secretory proteins True c Synthesis of mucopolysaccharides True d Terminal glycolysis of proteins True e Synthesis of gangliosides True f Lipid synthesis False g Cholesterol transport False h Calcium transport False i Synthesis of phospholipids False j Calcium storage False I10 Select the FALSE statements regarding the functions of the Golgi apparatus: 2 a The Golgi apparatus plays a role in calcium transport True b The Golgi apparatus has a role in calcium storage True c The Golgi apparatus has a role in the synthesis of phospholipids True d The Golgi apparatus plays a role in cholesterol transport True e The Golgi apparatus has a role in lipid synthesis True f Cholesterol transport False g Calcium storage False h Calcium transport False i Synthesis of phospholipids False j Lipid synthesis False I10 The Golgi apparatus directs membrane traffic in the form of vesicles by: 3 a Membrane recycling True b Biogenesis of membranes True c Receiving vesicles from the endoplasmic reticulum True d Delivery of lysosomal enzyme vesicles True e Modification and delivery of secretory vesicles to the plasmalemma True f Transport of iron False g Zinc transport False h Metabolism of lecithin False i Cholesterol storage False j Cholesterol metabolism False I10 Mitochondria: 4 a The inner membrane of mitochondria is impermeable to protons, which enter the True matrix through specific channels b Through the mitochondrial respiratory chain, it ensures the electron transport True process c They consist of inner membrane, outer membrane and mitochondrial matrix True d It represents the site of oxidative phosphorylation True e It represents the final point of the degradation processes of carbohydrates, lipids, True  amino acids f The inner membrane of mitochondria is permeable to protons False g The mitochondrial outer membrane is characterized by folds False h It represents an intermediate point in the degradation processes of carbohydrates, False lipids, amino acids i It represents the site of energy consumption in the ATP molecule False j The phospholipid marker of the mitochondrial inner membrane is calmodulin False I10 Indicate the CORRECT statements about the molecular structure of 5 mitochondria: a The inner membrane of mitochondria is impermeable to protons, which enter the True matrix through specific channels b The phospholipid marker of the mitochondrial inner membrane is cardiolipin True c The outer membrane is richer in lipids than the inner membrane True d The inner membrane has folds True e The outer membrane is more rigid True f The mitochondrial outer membrane is characterized by folds False g It represents an intermediate point in the degradation processes of carbohydrates, False lipids, amino acids h It represents the site of energy consumption in the ATP molecule False i The phospholipid marker of the mitochondrial inner membrane is insulin False j The inner membrane of mitochondria is permeable to protons False I10 Choose the CORRECT answers about mitochondria: 6 a The mitochondrial respiratory chain provides the electron transport process True b The force generated by the movement of proteins back into the matrix provides the True energy for ATP synthesis c Protons enter the mitochondrial matrix through specific channels True d The mitochondrial matrix consists of ions, enzymes and mitochondrial DNA True e The flow of electrons is associated with a transfer of protons across the membrane True f The inner membrane is rigid False g It represents an intermediate point in the degradation processes of carbohydrates False and lipids h The mitochondrial outer membrane is characterized by folds False i The phospholipid marker of the mitochondrial inner membrane is lecithin False j It represents the site of energy consumption in the ATP molecule False I10 The mitochondrial matrix consists of: 7 a Soluble enzymes of the Krebs cycle True b Enzymes that catalyze transcription and protein synthesis True c Mitochondrial DNA True d Ribosomes True e Ions True f Phospholipids False g Cholesterol False h Nucleotides False i Oligosaccharides False j Lecithin False I10 The metabolic functions of the membrane system are: 8 a Synthesis of mucopolysaccharides at the level of Golgi membranes True b Synthesis of oligosaccharides by the plasma membrane True c Condensation of substances synthesized in other systems by Golgi membranes True d Fatty acid synthesis by the smooth endoplasmic reticulum membrane True e Protein synthesis by the rough endoplasmic reticulum membrane True f The plasma membrane is an intermediate point in the cholesterol degradation False processes g Golgi membranes are the site of oxidative phosphorylation False h The plasma membrane is the site of energy supply for ATP synthesis False i Endoplasmic reticulum membranes are an intermediate point in carbohydrate and False lipid degradation processes j The endoplasmic reticulum membranes ensure the electron transport process False I10 The renal/intestinal epithelial membrane is involved in: 9 a Supply of protons (H+) True b Krebs cycle True c Oxidation processes True d Fatty acid synthesis True e Phosphorylation processes True f Condensation of substances synthesized in other systems False g ATP synthesis False h Providing energy for ATP synthesis False i Protein synthesis False j Synthesis of mucopolysaccharides False I11 Regarding the distribution of the enzyme equipment at the membrane level, 0 the following statements are TRUE: a Membranes are entirely the seat of enzymatic activities True b Membranes represent, on certain portions, the seat of enzymatic activities True c Enzymes are NOT found simultaneously on both sides of the membrane