Biological Molecules - Science 9 PDF

Biological Molecules Science 9 Biological Molecules Essential Our bodies need about 25 elements for normal growth. to Life Carbon (C), oxygen (O), and hydrogen (H) are the most common chemical elements in living things. Sugar, starch, fat, oil, wax, and proteins Are cal...

Biological Molecules Science 9 Biological Molecules Essential Our bodies need about 25 elements for normal growth. to Life Carbon (C), oxygen (O), and hydrogen (H) are the most common chemical elements in living things. Sugar, starch, fat, oil, wax, and proteins Are called organic molecules because they are mainly made of carbon and hydrogen. Nutrients- essential for life ◻ Nutrients can be organic or inorganic Organic Molecule Role in Nutrition Dietary Source Organic Rice Carbohydrates Energy source for Grains Compounds metabolism Potatoes Fruits Protein Structural Meat molecule for Eggs These are called body, helps Dairy “Macronutrients” chemical Legumes reactions Nuts because they are (enzymes) needed in large Lipids Storage of Veg oil amounts unused Nut oil chemical Legumes energy Some dairy Nucleic Acids Building blocks h of DNA Ti ll H ig w to K no e ed ’t N D on ol o Sch Many biological molecules are polymers: they are long chains of building blocks, called monomers Extra information * Elements for Healthy Bodies: Minerals ◻ Minerals you need a lot of is called a macromineral ◻ Minerals you only need a little of are called trace elements, which are found in enzymes and vitamins ◻ All living things need 16 naturally occurring elements ⬜ Plants need 18 elements ⬜ We need 22 elements Elements for Healthy Bodies: Calcium Phosphorus ◻Needed for strong ◻Bone formation bones and teeth ◻Forms compounds ◻Nerve conduction that store and release energy ◻Muscle (ATP) contraction ◻Blood clotting Elements for Healthy Bodies: Magnesium Potassium ◻ Component of Bones ◻ Helps regulate nerve and teeth signals and muscle ◻ Essential for enzyme activity (heart rate) function ◻ Protein formation ◻ Helps regulate nerve ◻ Regulates acid/base function balance in body Elements for Healthy Bodies: What is one crucial role for…. ◻ Sulphur ⬜ Used in some amino acids ◻ Iron ⬜ Red blood cells, regulates oxygen transport ◻ Iodine ⬜ Major part of thyroid hormones that regulate metabolism Getting these Minerals ◻ As humans, we cannot extract the mineral directly from the ground, But plants can… and do ◻ Root hairs specially designed to uptake and concentrate these minerals ◻ They are then transported to other parts of the plant where they are used to create organic compounds such as proteins, lipids and vitamins. ◻ Without plants, we would not be able to obtain the nutrients we need. Vitamin: a organic compound which are essential for normal growth and nutrition and are required in small quantities in the diet because they cannot be synthesized by the body. Check and Reflect Pg 203 # 1,2,3,4,5,7,8