BIOL-102 Chapter 32 Summary PDF

**[Types of Circulatory Systems:]** Open and closed circulatory system **[Cardiovascular System Components:]** Open circulatory system: the blood is emptied into tissue spaces closed circulatory system: the blood is contained in the vessels The heart is the most important then Arteries carries...

**[Types of Circulatory Systems:]** Open and closed circulatory system **[Cardiovascular System Components:]** Open circulatory system: the blood is emptied into tissue spaces closed circulatory system: the blood is contained in the vessels The heart is the most important then Arteries carries blood away from the heart, however veins carries blood into the heart, also capillaries which allows the exchange with the tissue it makes it easier to take oxygen etc. **[Circulatory Pathways:]** Fish have 2 types of blood, and they mix because they flow in a single loop having 2 chambers, amphibians (frogs) blood flows in 3 chambers where there is double loop, then birds and mammals blood flows in double loop with 4 chambers. **[Human Heart:]** Fist sized, and cone shaped, and in between the lungs and is considered muscular organ and it's covered by a sac. **[Pulmonary vs. Systematic Circuits:]** Pulmonary circuit(lungs) is when the blood gets a refill of oxygen from the lungs and comes back to the heart, and systemic circuit is the delivery of the blood from the heart to the organs where it goes filled with oxygen, but it comes back empty **[Blood pressure:]** Systole: contraction of the heart Diastole: relaxation of the heart Ex: 120 (systolic, usually three numbers)/ 80 (diastole) **[CVDs:]** CVDs stand for cardiovascular diseases Hypertension (high blood pressure) Atherosclerosis (partial blockage of the artery by fat) Stroke (supply of blood is blocked to the brain) Angina pectoris (painful squeezing sensation before the heart attack) Heart attack (100% of blockage of the artery) **[Blood Functions:]** Blood transports stuff like hormones, gases, waste etc. Blood defense Blood maintains water balance and PH and body temperature Blood carries platelets **[Blood Components:]** Red blood cells (RBC): oxygen transport and lacks a nucleus but has hemoglobin White red cells: immune response and defense and are larger than red blood cells and have a nucleus but don't need to have hemoglobin Platelets are involved in clotting