BIO 150 Chordates Lecture Outline PDF

BIO 150: Diversity & History of Life Skeletal Outline for Lecture Lecture Topic: Chordates Note: On the last page of this skeletal outline there is a blank phylogenetic tree for the Chordate Lineage. Keep this page out and available during the lecture to map synapomorphies. Phylum Chordata Sub-Ph...

BIO 150: Diversity & History of Life Skeletal Outline for Lecture Lecture Topic: Chordates Note: On the last page of this skeletal outline there is a blank phylogenetic tree for the Chordate Lineage. Keep this page out and available during the lecture to map synapomorphies. Phylum Chordata Sub-Phyla 1. ______________________________________ 2. ______________________________________ 3. ______________________________________ Chordate Characteristics Amniotic Egg Advantages 1. ______________________________________ 2. ______________________________________ 3. ______________________________________ 4. ______________________________________ 5. ______________________________________ BIO 150: Diversity & History of Life Skeletal Outline for Lecture Vertebrae & Cranium Vertebrae: _______________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ o On the ____________________ side of most species o Advantage: ________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ Cranium: ________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ o Advantage: ________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ Fur & Milk Fur: ____________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ o Advantage: ________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ Milk: ___________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ o Advantage: ________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ Jaws ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ o Advantage: ________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ BIO 150: Diversity & History of Life Skeletal Outline for Lecture Lobed-Limbs & Limbs Limbs: __________________________________________________________________ o Advantage: ________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ Lobed-Limbs are the intermediate between ________________________ and ____________________. Lungs Function: ________________________________________________________________ o Advantage: ________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ Modified from a _____________________________________, which is an organ in _____________ that keeps them from ___________________________ Scales ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ o Advantage: ________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ Hypothesis Tree BIO 150: Diversity & History of Life Skeletal Outline for Lecture Major Clades in Phylum Chordata Cephalochordata (_______________________) _________ species, all _______________________ Small, __________________________ _____________________________________________ _____________________________________________ Urochordata (___________________________) _______________________ species, all ____________________ Some are ____________________ as adults Both _____________________________ have __________________________________ that function in ______________________________________________ The _____________________, ______________________________, and ____________ occur in _________________________________________________________________ Hagfish/Lampreys Lack ____________________________, but do have _____________________________ __________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________ Sharks & Rays _________________________________________________ _________________________________________________ BIO 150: Diversity & History of Life Skeletal Outline for Lecture Bony Fish Two different clades, making this a ___________________________________ Ray-Finned Fish: __________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ o Possess a __________________________________ to avoid ________________ _______________________________________ Lobe-Finned Fish: _________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ Tetrapods ___________-Limbed Animals that can __________________________________ Water to Land Transition: o _________________________________________________________________ o _________________________________________________________________ Three Major Lineages: 1. ______________________________ 2. ______________________________ 3. ______________________________ Reproductive Strategies: o _________________________________________________________________ o _________________________________________________________________ o _________________________________________________________________ Amphibians (_______________________________________________) Amphibian means _____________________________________ o Juveniles are _______________________________ o Adults are _________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ BIO 150: Diversity & History of Life Skeletal Outline for Lecture Reptiles (___________________________________________) ________________________________________________________________________ __________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ Mammals ________________________________________________________________________ o __________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ o __________________________________________________________________ Monotremes (______________________________________) o ____________________________ o Milk secreted _________________________ (no _____________________) o ____________________________ o Found in _________________________________________ Marsupials o __________________________________________________________________ o __________________________________________________________________ Placental Mammals o __________________________________________________________________ o __________________________________________________________________ o Placenta is a modified ____________________________________ § ___________________________________________________ § Embryo still surrounded by _____________________________________ § Yolk sac modified into _________________________________________ § Placenta performs ____________________________________________ and ________________________________________________________ BIO 150: Diversity & History of Life Skeletal Outline for Lecture o Primates § ___________________________________________________ § ___________________________________________________ § ___________________________________________________ § ___________________________________________________ § Hominins: — ___________________________________________________ — ___________________________________________________ — Out of Africa Hypothesis: _________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ BIO 150: Diversity & History of Life Skeletal Outline for Lecture Lecture Learning Objectives By the end of the lectures for this topic, you should know or be able to perform all the items/tasks listed below. As you read the textbook and review the lecture material, WRITE and/or DRAW a response to every one of the learning objectives listed below. Each objective will require a few sentences (some will be less, some more). This will help you focus your attention on the most important aspects of lecture and the reading material AND as you work you will be creating an exam study guide! 1. For every animal phylum discussed in lecture, know their place on the animal tree and the following characters: a. How many tissue layers? b. What kind of symmetry? c. What kind of gut? d. Is it cephalized? e. What kind of development does it display (blastula, gastrula, protostome, deuterostome)? 2. What are the major synapomorphies/major adaptations that evolved in the Phylum Chordata? a. Understand what each of these adaptions are, their adaptive significance (e.g., why are they advantageous?), and where they evolved in the Chordata phylogeny. 3. Know the identifying characters for the major chordate classes (for example, sharks have cartilaginous skeletons and jaws). 4. What is the most diverse class of chordate? 5. What are the three major kinds of reproductive strategies in terrestrial vertebrates? 6. How do the three major lineages of mammals differ in their reproductive strategy? 7. How is the amniotic egg modified in placental mammals? 8. What is a primate? What is a hominin? What hypothesis explains human evolution and migration? BIO 150: Diversity & History of Life Skeletal Outline for Lecture