Bio Sem 2 PDF - Osmosis, Cell Biology, and Transport in Cells

Sem 2 bio  Diffuuse and osmosis cquilibriverm : are...

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Mucu θ ⑩ Regularor IM M o Cystre Fibrosis Transmembrure CCFTR ) Faamemprmre X θ Ls channel fons to thatcallows exit the cell chhoride dmucus ( \ cell neior @ ㆁ ㅇ 미 rmuration o 일어나면 Gpncorrect the _ shape not even in sodcum membrane y chloride 가못지나 ③ chloride ) (ENac ) 2 Epithelial sodrerm chanmel ( FTR & mucus found in the digestite ducts cause < (digest fat ) allows bile from the gallpladder Nenzymes from the puncion Ls 들어가게함 ← sodiuml cel 안으로 tons inside small ontestinesdrgestinesystem에 Hypertonic ( 7 7. of pefect s mucus build up s release Lsartto prevent Less Macus LS mainutritio ion 4) 억 sweat allow prevents chloride too to much enter el CCFTR electrolyte loss ) froell 「 Osmostsz More thisk ion , mucas difficult sell for 줄어듬 s cilla to more dries out CFTR s 없어 ! s abnormally sulry genetic s ethnicity 마다 다름 Caucasian > 30oo African - Amercan s 70000 ooo people Asian 그 300wo  2025 01 지... What are the main characteristics of cells ? prokaryote is Eurareote cyzoplasm. Prokaryotimn C o no nacleus rusleus before 한번 damage s 끝!. Ao first unicellul ar reame smaller , sirmpler than eukaryotic ( forerunner ) singlefrre DNA circular , double stranded o L 1 singl chromosome loop ex ) all bacteriad archaea 0 no membrane bound organelles C bound 된겠중에 membrane λ beKaryo 2. lipid bilayer ) JQuenm ( phospholipid " nualeous o nucleus wy envelope " 임 bigger complex than prokargotes. , A membrane bound o organekes complex ' Lnom. DNA- daceble stranded and forms chromosome @ … o unt or multi MTOC 있 similarities. contain all four biomolecules - lipids , carbs , proleims , nucleic acids. ribosomes. DNA metabolism (similar ). can be unicellular plasmal cell or Cell wall - membranes  ㅇ Q Plant 봉 ω , animalcells and fungi cells similarities. All have cell membrane Cenclose the cell ) containing needed by cell filled with cytoplasm - gel likesubstance chemicals a. mitochondria cuse oxygen to break duwn food. vacuole ( food , wateri waste product ). nucdeus & DNA ribosome protein builders -. cell walls. plant sells and fungr cells have. lysosome - membrane bound cell - organelle that has digestive enzymes of tubes. endoplasmic reticulum - a system transpors protains golgr apparatuses bodies / to distribute proteins around the inside and to the ourside of the cell Differances no srecture fungi -. Cell walls ( plant 0 , animal X) rex ) filamentous fung ,. Nucleus Canimal > 1 , plants must be one. fungi : mulfinacleated < 대핵 ) 7 only plant cells Chsoroplast -. G Mitochondrid - animali plant for ATP Cenergy molecule ). use it produce giacose to produce energy moleculesCellularrespiratio plants used their □ s by mitochondria vacuoles animals s smalk 1 plant large / one a one fungi - many havemany - , - or Cell using info : control center of them - nuclens - L contains DNA PNA & to mare proteins s thousands of molecules to make work well RNA work together protein it - m Animal sell cytoplasm enivropla D cgtoplasm 후 ↑ s Iysosome\ 00 _겨 eleoplasm nucleus envelope golgappararns - O reticulum Roughendoplasmic prokaryonic cell  CeIs ORGANELLES CANIMALS ) cytoplasm fluid ( jally - like substance organelles flont here - a , Cytosol made of s water mostly. contains cytoskeleton s network of protein fobers & tubes s maintain the of the cell ↳ surround determine nucleus cell shape cdimision ) , cellto more directs the morement of organelles dother substunees ribosome 웨 - process genetic instruction to produceprotein. proteins are based on info given to ribosome by nucleic acid canbe ε RT sC connected o to ( ER ) endoplasmic reticulum (specific material ) package proteins transpot materialsthroughout toplasm. , Cy immedrately parckage I sand. cell by the. process molecules created getrid of waste that builds within the cell OOD. golgr ERol apparatus process 한거 transport ou of cell temporarily package out store , , transport o Lysosome. confarns encymes & peroxisome Cdigest any kind of food s bactericninvatecel ). wasta or dispose할러 있음golgi 가 가져다꿈 cellinjured s recycle - I retease their enrymes to cyto plasm O. vacuole store water d nutients ' until cellneeds the. provide a space for waste nitochondria ' csell s powerhouse most critical O2 & sagar froon food chem reaction to create energy to. react. pro vide protein edrf types of ). have own gen material £ O 、 separate from the DNA in tre nuciens ㆁ nucleus Cenvelope , chromatin , nucleolus ). brain of the cell scommand center ) houses of PNA Cinfo needed to conduct cell ' s fanction ) √ an imal cell ) healthy s chromatin Cstrands of PNA ) s hairi skin , eye. envelope - ouw membrane Ctwo langers of extroa protection ? _ has nucleolus ☆ hare substance move s creates Ribosomal CRNA ) ONA pores to allow ? ∠ Is read the instrecion dcarny out instruction of RNA Ccan teave the membrare to deliever lipids ' ㅇ layer Plasma membrane ( double of - semipereable ( door ofthe housse ) , what more & outt o outer lining - separate the cell from its enuronnent / enter d leave 하게 해중 / protein / car bohydrate plant cell organelles t wall cell shield the cell cplant 's skeletone) ' cell s protect - , semppemeable - mate of cellulose curbobydrate ] cbloroplast ㅇ. contains chlorophyll. photosynthesis ∆ ∆ ㉚  Animal cell. Plasma membrane - double layer lopid - protein , curbohydrate - cellular receire signals create chunnels nucleus nucleolus. - envelope , chromatin , envelope - two membranes L contents encapsulate have - many pores to allow substances to mote - filled iulchromatin ( Dlu( A ) , contensedown to chromoso - nucleoles - produce ribosom cy toplasm. jelly jelly - net work - ER. connected to the of the cell nuclens - membrare ' s impotant for process s of lipissh - protein production , metabolism carbonydrate have somootb ER , rough ER ( S noribosome whas toproduceprotens Mitochodria ☆ - sive of cellular respiration bolgi apparatus setofmermbrane - modify protemsd lipiss 1 transport cekular substances fibosome create proteins - - attached to ER of float freely nydrogen peroxide convert it to water peroxisome prodace - , digestion of compounds - cysosome waste disposal unit of the cell - have enaymes allow them digest molecules clipid carbosprotein ) - s to , cilia centrosome involved in cell division & production of flagellad - ^ - consist of two centrioles ( main hub for cells microtubules ) nucearenvelope breaks down microtubes during cell division , - interact w / the cell ' s chromosome , prepare them for cellular division VILl - needle - like - - extend fromthe plasma rapidly exchange substances membrane blucells dtheirenviromment s increase the surface area of the plasma membrane bb increases the for material space available to move flagella provide the mechanical ability for cells to more - - longithin extension of plasmamembrane by proteins - oriven DIF Types of animal cells 하면s transpont to surface ) 「 멜라닌( Sit underneathKeratin prodace / aoi ( protem ). [ 멜라닌 α 흑인어 ) skin cell -consistofKeratinocytesI melanocytes ( , Ls protection for body , effectire layer of protection Chair & nails ) muscle cell ( myocytes muscle fiber ) long tubular s moing an organism ' limbs & organssubcoonscious s - , plood ressel ( , uterms tissue stomaach) 99 94 oxygen from lungs Can be skeletal d cardiac Ismooth muscle cells - σ , Blood cell redcwhite ☆immune system - ( generali conscious Ccontraction of heart Celectrical impulse ) Lonly cell that doesn t have nucleus ' extension from cell \ Nerve cell Cneuron ) - haumanbranloom , messagecarriers , delrever , receive signals using dendriteslaxon cell cadipocytes, lipocytes) _ tat store fat t lipid as energy resenes whive multiple large lipid Lfatd brown fat cells , smaller ack of cell walls / have flagella lysosomed centrosome c ∆  plant cell - dif types of cells cstems , leaves, roots ? - leave o에도 perform different cells of Vascalar tissue < 혈관 ) and phloem - xylem " 「 - xylem : transport water through a plant 2 ) cells are dead , hollow tabes s allow water to move as efficiently as possible II phin : transport sugans d other substances - 지 living have another σ s , tubes. large pores cell move from one phivem to Leaf cells calsohave xglem & pholem ) fall of chloroplasts photosynthesis -. responsible for ) ' ( sun & Coz production of sugar s energy stomata holes of leaf & close ) - : leaves copen s coz to go pnto madefrom two cresent shaped cells form donut the of a leaf 's skin shape - - , a on exterior celss of stems and roots Coon " featureless majority ) " - parenchy ma cell ( xylem & phioem 같이 bunch together - fiber cell thick ) providestructural strength to plant stems - s common , has it , vascular forminto bundles ∞ ☆ strectures nucleus& cell wall ^ DNA , nucleolus csurrounded by a double membrane) nuclear envelope /nucleolus : largest , produce ribosome Plasma membrane determines what substances more int out of a cell _ cell wall concy fangid plan - made from cellulose scarbonydrate ) cellulose : component of arietaryfibers I have channelsconnect the inside ofcellcalled pasmodesmata cytoplasm fluid like , - consist of " cytosol " Endoplasmis Reticulum CER ) Golg ; apparatus network imbrane s connected to the nucleus Like ER. nerwork through its membrane [ smooth modify / substances : ribosome X proteims & lipit more ind out : rough ribosome D => modifaying transporting. proteins chloroplast co 2 s glucose vacuole mitochondria - storage , breakdown of dif substances - main site of cellular respiration - result the plan