Biotechnology Lecture 2 PDF

BIOTECHNOLOGY LECTURE 2 DR. AYA ANWAR IT’S ALL G R E E K TO ME Some may say that zoologist, botanist, entomologist or most fi elds in life sciences speak Greek, they are right! Most terms used in Biotechnology fi eld are based on Latin or Greek. Latin is the universal language of...

BIOTECHNOLOGY LECTURE 2 DR. AYA ANWAR IT’S ALL G R E E K TO ME Some may say that zoologist, botanist, entomologist or most fi elds in life sciences speak Greek, they are right! Most terms used in Biotechnology fi eld are based on Latin or Greek. Latin is the universal language of scientifi c terms and the Greeks were the founders of them. E XA M P L E ON LATIN (SCIENTIFIC) A D J E C T I V E S IN ZOOLOGY: Common name Latin Mouse Mus Rat Rattus Pig Sus Bird Avis Cattle Bos Sheep Ovis Goat Capra WORD STRUCTURE Prefi x: word part found at the beginning of a word. Usually indicates number, location, time, or status. Root Word: word part that gives the essential meaning of the word. Suffi x: word part found at the end of a word. Usually indicates procedure, condition, disease, or disorder. Combining Vowel: single vowel, usually an o, that is added to the end of a root to make the word easier to pronounce. Cardi/o Heart Cephal/o Head Dent/i, dent/o Teeth Mamm/a, mamm/o Mammary gland Nas/o Nose Ophthalm/o Eye Ot/o Ear Thorac/o Thorax Trache/o Trachea PREFIX Word that precedes/ BEFOR E the root. Modifi es the roots meaning to form a new word. Alone they have some meaning , b ut they are not complete words without the rest of the word parts. A-, an- Without,lack of, not Anemia: lack of blood Asymptomatic: without symptoms Anti- Against, opposing Antibiotic: against microbial life Brady- Abnormally slow Bradycardia: abnormally slow heart rate De- Down, from Dehydrate: remove water from Decay: break down Dys- Difficulty Dyspnea: difficulty breathing Hyper- Excessive, Hyperthermia: abnormally high abnormally high body temperature Hypo- Insufficient, Hypothermia: abnormally low abnormally low body temperature Mal- Bad, poor Malocclusion: poor positioning of the teeth Poly- Many, much, multiple Polyuria: producing much urine Tachy- Abnormally fast Tachycardia: abnormally fast heart rate SUFFIX Written AFTER a root word to form a NEW word. Follows root word altering the words meaning. Determines if word is a noun, adjective or other type of word -cyte Cell Erythrocyte: red blood cell -ectomy To surgically remove Lobectomy: to surgically remove a lobe -itis Inflammation Arthritis: inflammation of the joints -logy Study of Biology: the study of life -oma Tumor Carcinoma: cancerous tumor -penia Deficiency of Leukopenia: deficiency of white blood cells -scope Instrument for Microscope: examining instrument for examining minute Reading Text  Biotechnology is becoming one of the most exciting and fast-growing fields of study. Every year, more students are choosing to enroll in biotechnology programs at universities around the world. This trend is driven by several factors, including the impact biotechnology has on global challenges, its career opportunities, and the desire to contribute to science and society. Many students are drawn to biotechnology because it offers the chance to make a difference. Whether it's working on solutions for climate change, developing new medical treatments, or improving agricultural productivity, biotechnology provides a platform for students to be part of something bigger. Students often see this field as a way to contribute to solving some of the world’s most pressing issues, such as hunger, disease, and environmental degradation. Another key reason why students are choosing biotechnology is the wide range of career opportunities it offers. Graduates can find jobs in various industries, including healthcare, pharmaceuticals, agriculture, environmental science, and even food production. Universities are increasingly offering specialized biotechnology programs that prepare students for these diverse roles. With the rise of personalized medicine, gene editing, and bioengineering, biotechnology graduates are in high demand. CHOOSE THE CORRECT ANSWER 1.What is one reason more students are choosing biotechnology programs at universities? a) The programs are short and easy b) The impact of biotechnology on global challenges c) Biotechnology is the only field related to agriculture d) There are no career opportunities in biotechnology 2. How do students view biotechnology in terms of their future? a) As a way to work only in agriculture b) As a field that has little impact on society c) As a way to contribute to solving pressing global problems d) As a difficult and unexciting career option 3. What are some of the fields biotechnology graduates can work in? a) Healthcare, entertainment, and hospitality b) Pharmaceuticals, agriculture, and environmental science c) Sports, politics, and education d) Food production, travel, and retail 4. Why are biotechnology graduates in high demand? a) Because of the rise of personalized medicine, gene editing, and bioengineering b) Because there are fewer graduates from other fields c) Because biotechnology is only relevant in healthcare d) Because the field is not well known 5. What role does biotechnology play in agriculture? a) It only deals with food production b) It improves agricultural productivity and helps solve environmental issues c) It has no connection to agriculture d) It reduces the amount of food produced globally ANSWERS b) The impact of biotechnology on global challenges c) As a way to contribute to solving pressing global problems b) Pharmaceuticals, agriculture, and environmental science a) Because of the rise of personalized medicine, gene editing, and bioengineering b) It improves agricultural productivity and helps solve environmental issues