BIO Exam 6 PDF

Which of the following organisms is a retrovirus? A. Double-stranded DNA virus **B. Single-stranded RNA virus** C. Archaebacteria D. Shark E. Lichen There is a genetic disorder that leads to deteriorated vision in men or women which is sex-linked. It can lead to partial or complete blindness....

Which of the following organisms is a retrovirus? A. Double-stranded DNA virus **B. Single-stranded RNA virus** C. Archaebacteria D. Shark E. Lichen There is a genetic disorder that leads to deteriorated vision in men or women which is sex-linked. It can lead to partial or complete blindness. Which chromosome could this gene be found on? A. Chromosome 21 B. Chromosome 15 C. Any autosomal chromosome **D. X chromosome** E. Y chromosome A botanist has discovered a new plant and notes that it is predominantly found in its gametophyte form. Which category does this plant most likely belong to? **A. Bryophyte** B. Angiosperm C. Gymnosperm D. Seedless Tracheophyte E. Endosperm In the fetal circulatory system, the ductus venosus allows blood to bypass which of the following? A. Pulmonary circulation B. Systemic circulation C. Placenta **D. Liver** E. Right ventricle Which of the following would be the most immediate consequence of a defective sperm without an acrosome reaching the egg for fertilization? A. ATP depletion B. Complete immobility C. Prevent the movement of sperm through follicular cells D. Prevent fusion of sperm with zona pellucida **E. Inability to penetrate zona pellucida** All of the following are characteristics of IgG antibodies EXCEPT one. Which one is the EXCEPTION? A. Has two heavy and two light chains B. Heavy and light chains connected via disulfide bonds C. Involved in passive immunity of fetus D. Participates in opsonization **E. Pentameric structure** What is the effect of progesterone at its peak? A. Ovulation B. Triggers an LH surge C. Fertilization D. Lactation **E. Thickens the endometrial wall** Which of the following describes how the endometrium is maintained after implantation? A. Estrogen and progesterone levels are suppressed **B. Placenta secretes chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG)** C. Corpus luteum disintegrates D. FSH levels spike E. LH levels spike The below embryo (cross-sectioned) is undergoing gastrulation. Which layer will form the musculoskeletal system? A. Layer A B. Layer B **C. Layer C** D. Hollow area Which of the following statements is correct regarding regulation of the Lac operon? A. When allolactose is present, it binds to and activates an activator protein B. When allolactose is present, it binds to and deactivates an activator protein **C. When allolactose is present, it binds to and deactivates a repressor protein** D. When allolactose is present, it binds to and activates a repressor protein E. Allolactose is not involved in regulation of the Lac operon Plants get their energy during daytime through photosynthesis. How do they keep producing energy and maintain themselves at night time? A. Photosynthesis can use moonlight with lower efficiency **B. Plants have built-up starch stored that they use for energy during night time** C. The Calvin Cycle shuts off during sunlight but turns on in its absence D. Plants shut off cellular function during night time E. Transpiration pulls up ATP from the soil for plants to use Which of the following does alternative splicing allow for? A. Removal of mutated gene segments **B. Creation of multiple different proteins from one RNA strand** C. Longer proteins with enhanced function  D. Deletion of promoter regions unused in the final protein E. Combination of intron segments to create varying proteins   A woman using human chorionic gonadotropin during fertility treatment would expect to see stimulated production of which hormone as a direct result? A. LH B. TSH C. Oxytocin **D. Progesterone** E. Testosterone An archipelago is a group of islands. Which island would be expected to have the most species richness? **A. Largest island** B. Most isolated island C. Oldest island D. Island closest to another island E. Tallest island Which hormone is secreted from the same organ that it targets? A. T3 B. Insulin C. Epinephrine **D. Gastrin** E. LH In which of the following groups of organisms can simultaneous transcription and translation be observed? A. Fungi B. Eukaryota C. Protista D. Protozoa **E. Archaebacteria** Which molecule is the precursor for the androgens, estrogens, and progesterone molecules necessary for sexual development? A. Cytosine B. Glucose C. Tyrosine D. Polypeptide **E. Cholesterol** Which of the following is an example of coevolution? A. Dolphin fin and fish fin B. Antibiotics and bacteria **C. Hummingbird and trumpet creeper flower** D. Goats and cows E. Human arm and cat leg Prokaryotic cells cannot grow beyond a small size due to which limitation? A. The metabolism of the prokaryotic organisms is too slow **B. Nutrient exchange is insufficient at low surface area to volume ratios** C. Prokaryotic membrane phospholipids are physically smaller than eukaryotic phospholipids D. Prokaryotic defenses only work against smaller organisms E. The nucleus to cytoplasm ratio would lead to an inability to produce sufficient gene products How do decomposers play a role in the global carbon cycle? **A. Decomposers perform respiration which provides carbon to plants for photosynthesis** B. Decomposers incorporate carbon when they consume other organisms C. Decomposers' dead body is left on soil for plant to absorb carbon D. Nitrogen fixing bacteria utilize their enzymes to convert nitrogen to carbon E. Decomposers do not participate in the carbon cycle Action potentials, motor end plate potentials, and muscle contraction all have what in common? A. Ligand gated ion channels B. Mechanical gated ion channels **C. Voltage gated ion channels** D. cAMP E. Mitotic spindle Which of the following lab techniques is most effective for evaluating the expression of multiple genes? A. PCR **B. DNA Microarray** C. Karyotyping D. Gel electrophoresis  E. Western Blot What effect do T3 (triiodothyronine) & T4 (thyroxine) have on the body? A. Increases muscle mass **B. Increases metabolism** C. Decreases gastric motility D. Stimulates T-cell development E. Regulates blood calcium The development of structures in the appropriate segment along the head-tail axis is regulated by which of the following genes? A. lacZ B. p53 C. SRY **D. HOX ** E. trpE In the given action potential graph, what does E represent?  A. Influx of sodium causing depolarization B. Activation of leaky potassium channels C. Blocking of calcium channels **D. Efflux of potassium ions causing hyperpolarization** E. Acetylcholine recycling Which of the following structures covers the lungs? A. Alveoli **B. Pleura** C. Cartilage D. Gastrin E. Blood A dog always follows commands from his owner (like sitting), but always expects a treat in return. This is due to \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. A. Habituation B. Sensitization **C. Classical conditioning** D. Imprinting E. Aposematic coloration Which organism would be most affected if it were put in a solution with an enzyme that degraded chitin? **A. Yeast** B. Pine tree C. Slime molds D. Diatoms E. Amoeba All of the following organisms are segmented EXCEPT for one. Which one is the EXCEPTION? A. Earthworm B. Dog C. Grasshoppers D. Lobster **E. Jellyfish** Which of the structures below is analogous with a bird\'s wing? A. Whale fin B. Human arm C. Platypus beak  **D. Bat wing ** E. Bird leg What organelle is responsible for lipid synthesis? A. Lysosome **B. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum ** C. Nucleolus D. Nucleoid E. Vacuoles A scientist submerges an unknown molecule in an aqueous solution and the molecule spontaneously forms a bilayer. What molecule would this be? A. Albumins B. Cholesterols C. Proteoglycans D. Triglycerides **E. Phospholipids ** In the pedigree chart below, what is the most likely form of genetic inheritance pattern? A. X-linked recessive B. X-linked dominant C. Autosomal dominant **D. Autosomal recessive** E. Y-linked If a cell was lysed and the contents were spun out in a centrifuge, rank the organelles from the order of lightest to heaviest: A. Mitochondria \< Ribosomes \< Nucleus **B. Ribosomes \< Mitochondria \< Nucleus** C. Ribosomes \< Nucleus \< Chloroplast D. Nucleus \< Mitochondria \< Ribosomes E. Organelles would not separate during centrifugation A segment of DNA reads as follows: 5' -- ATATATGCGCACGC -- 3' What is the corresponding mRNA synthesized? A. 5' -- TATATACGCGTGCG -- 3' **B. 5' -- GCGUGCGCAUAUAU -- 3'** C. 3' -- GCGUGCGCAUAUAU -- 5' D. 3' -- GCCTGCGCATATAT -- 5' E. 3' -- ATATATGGGCACGC -- 5' Two species of monkeys emerge from a common ancestor. They live in the same jungle and are hunted by the same predators. Both species of monkeys have evolved prehensile tails and increased upper arm strength. Despite their similarities, they are not capable of interbreeding. Which form of evolution has taken place? A. Convergent B. Divergent C. Analogous D. Coevolution **E. Parallel** Which chamber of the heart directly pumps the highest concentration of oxygenated blood for distribution to the rest of the body? **A. Left ventricle** B. Right ventricle C. Left atrium D. Right atrium Which of the following characteristics would be seen in an inefficient respiratory system? A. Increased alveoli B. Moist skin **C. Open circulatory system** D. Feathery gills Tracheids are specialized plant cells that function to \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. A. Photosynthesize **B. Transport water** C. Transport sugars D. Absorb water E. Absorb energy from the sun All of the following were synthesized during the Miller-Urey experiment EXCEPT one. Which one is the EXCEPTION? A. Carbon monoxide B. Amino acids C. Fatty acids D. Aldehydes **E. Nucleic Acids**