MIS, 11e Module 6: Data Communication PDF

MIS, 11e Module 6: Data Communication: Delivering Information Anywhere and An...

MIS, 11e Module 6: Data Communication: Delivering Information Anywhere and Anytime Bidgoli, MIS, 11th Edition. © 2024 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 1  Module Objectives (1 of 2) By the end of this module, you should be able to: 6.1 Describe the major applications of a data communication system. 6.2 Explain the three major components of a data communication system. 6.3 Describe the three major types of processing configurations. 6.4 Explain the three types of networks. 6.5 Describe the five main network topologies. Bidgoli, MIS, 11th Edition. © 2024 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 2  Module Objectives (2 of 2) 6.6 Explain important networking concepts, including protocols, TCP/IP, routing, routers, and the client/server model. 6.7 Examine wireless and mobile technologies and networks in a business setting. 6.8 Describe networking trends such as Wi-Fi, WiMAX, and Bluetooth 6.9 Discuss the importance of wireless security and the five techniques used. 6.10 Summarize the concept of convergence and its applications for business and personal use. Bidgoli, MIS, 11th Edition. © 2024 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 3  Data Communication System Electronic transfer of data from one location to another Critical for organizations Relied upon by virtual organizations and e-collaboration Support organization’s efficiency and effectiveness Bidgoli, MIS, 11th Edition. © 2024 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 4  Major Components of Data Communication System Components of a data communication system includes three different components ○ Sender and receiver devices ○ Modems or routers ○ A communication channel Bandwidth is the amount of data that can be transferred from one point to another in 1 second Attenuation is the loss of power in a signal as it travels from the sending device to the receiving device Bidgoli, MIS, 11th Edition. © 2024 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 5  Major Components of Data Communication System Communication media connect sender and receiver devices Can be conducted or radiated ○ Conducted media provides a physical path (i.e. cable) that signals are transmitted on ○ Radiated media use an antenna for transmitting data through air or water Bidgoli, MIS, 11th Edition. © 2024 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 6  Major Components of Data Communication System Data transmission are divided into two types: 1. Broadband: multiple pieces of data sent simultaneously 2. Narrowband: voice-grade transmission that can transfer limited information in a specific period of time Protocols are rules that govern how data communicates Bidgoli, MIS, 11th Edition. © 2024 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 7  Major Components of Data Communication System: Sender and Devices can haveReceiver various formats Devices ○ Input/output device (“thin client”) ○ Smart terminal ○ Personal computer ○ Netbook computer ○ Supercomputer ○ Smartphone Bidgoli, MIS, 11th Edition. © 2024 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 8  Major Components of Data Communication System: Modems or Routers A modem is a device that connects the user to the Internet ○ Required for dial-up, DSL and cable access to the Internet ○ Not required for wireless and satellite connections to the Internet Bidgoli, MIS, 11th Edition. © 2024 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 9  Major Components of Data Communication System: Communication Connect sender and receiver devices Media Connected media provides a physical path that signals are transmitted on Can be a point-to-point or multipoint system Bidgoli, MIS, 11th Edition. © 2024 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 10  Processing Configurations Based on users’ needs, types of applications, and responsiveness Three types of processing configurations ○ Centralized ○ Decentralized ○ Distributed Centralized Processing All processing is done at one central computer Is not widely used today Bidgoli, MIS, 11th Edition. © 2024 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 11  Processing Configurations Decentralized Each user, department, or division has its computer More responsive than a centralized processing system High costs due to number of systems and duplication of efforts Distributed Processing Solves the problems that centralized and decentralized processing faced Processing is distributed Have own challenges with security, compatibility, and network management Bidgoli, MIS, 11th Edition. © 2024 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 12 Processing Configurations: OSI Model Open Systems Interconnection Model Seven layer architecture Defines how data is transmitted from computer to computer Standardizes interactions between network computers exchanging information Each layer performs a specific task ○ Application layer, Presentation layer, Session layer, Transport layer, Network layer, Data Link layer, Physical layer Bidgoli, MIS, 11th Edition. © 2024 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 13  Seven-layer OSI Model Bidgoli, MIS, 11th Edition. © 2024 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 14  Types of Networks Three major types of networks ○ Local Area Networks (LAN) ○ Wide Area Networks (WAN) ○ Metropolitan Area Networks (MAN) Connected using a hardware component that enables computers to communicate called a Network Interface Card Bidgoli, MIS, 11th Edition. © 2024 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 15  Types of Networks Local Area Networks Connects workstations and peripheral devices in close proximity Used to integrate services within a limited geographical area (such as a building) Uses Ethernet as the standard communication protocol An Ethernet cable connects computers, switches, and routers to a network Wide Area Networks Can span several cities, states or countries Speed is determined by the interconnections Can use different communication media Bidgoli, MIS, 11th Edition. © 2024 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 16  Types of Networks Wide Area Networks Can span several cities, states, or countries Speed is determined by the interconnections Can use different communication media Bidgoli, MIS, 11th Edition. © 2024 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 17  Types of Networks Metropolitan Area Networks Designed to handle data communication for multiple organizations in a city Developed by IEEE for public, independent, high-speed network Bidgoli, MIS, 11th Edition. © 2024 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 18 Metropolitan Area Network Bidgoli, MIS, 11th Edition. © 2024 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 19 Comparing LANs, WANs, and MANs Bidgoli, MIS, 11th Edition. © 2024 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 20  Network Topologies Represents a network’s physical layout Five common topologies are ○ Star ○ Ring ○ Bus ○ Hierarchical ○ Mesh Star Consists of a central computer and nodes Host computer supplies the main processing power Bidgoli, MIS, 11th Edition. © 2024 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 21  Network Topologies Ring Topology No host computer is required Each computer manages its own connectivity Arranged in a circle Transmission is in one direction Bus Topology Connects nodes along a network segment Ends of the cable are not connected A terminator is used at each end of the cable to absorb the signal Bidgoli, MIS, 11th Edition. © 2024 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 22  Network Topologies Hierarchical Combines computers with different processing strengths Failure of nodes at the bottom level may not have a negative impact on network performance Middle and top nodes are crucial for network operations Mesh Every node is connected to every other node Highly reliable Costly and difficult to maintain Bidgoli, MIS, 11th Edition. © 2024 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 23  Network Topologies: Star Topology Advantages of Star Topology Disadvantages of Star Cable layouts are easy to Topology modify The entire network becomes Makes detecting problems inoperable if the central host easier fails Easily add nodes to a network Increased costs More effective at handling heavy but short bursts of traffic Bidgoli, MIS, 11th Edition. © 2024 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 24  Network Topologies: Ring Topology Advantages of Ring Topology Disadvantages of Ring Requires less cable than Star Topology topology Difficult to diagnose problems Better for handling short bursts Difficult to modify the network of traffic Bidgoli, MIS, 11th Edition. © 2024 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 25 Star Topology vs Ring Topology Bidgoli, MIS, 11th Edition. © 2024 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 26  Network Topologies: Bus Topology Advantages of Bus Topology Disadvantages of Bus Easy to extend Topology Reliable Fault diagnosis is difficult Wiring layout is simple Can create a bottleneck when Uses the least amount of cable network traffic is heavy of any topology Handles steady traffic well Bidgoli, MIS, 11th Edition. © 2024 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 27  Network Topologies: Hierarchical Topology Advantages of Hierarchical Disadvantages of Hierarchical Topology Topology Provides network control Can be difficult to expand the Has lower costs than a star network topology Traffic congestion can result at the root and higher-level nodes Bidgoli, MIS, 11th Edition. © 2024 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 28 Bus Topology vs Hierarchical Topology Bidgoli, MIS, 11th Edition. © 2024 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 29  Network Topologies: Mesh Topology Advantages of Mesh Topology Disadvantages of Mesh Highly reliable Topology Costly Difficult to maintain Bidgoli, MIS, 11th Edition. © 2024 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 30 Network Topologies: Mesh Topology Bidgoli, MIS, 11th Edition. © 2024 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 31  Network Concepts Protocols Agreed-upon methods and rules to exchange information Applied to hardware connections, data transmission, and file transfers Specify the format of message packets Multiple protocol support is becoming more important TCP/IP Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol Industry-standard suite of communication protocols Bidgoli, MIS, 11th Edition. © 2024 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 32  Network Concepts TCP/IP (cont) Two major protocols ○ Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) ○ Internet Protocol (IP) Routing Determining the route that data packet is transferred Uses a routing table to determine the best route for the packet Centralized routing is where one node is in charge of selecting the path for all packets Bidgoli, MIS, 11th Edition. © 2024 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 33  Network Concepts Routing (cont) Distributed routing relies on each node to calculate the best possible route Routers Network connection device Contains software that connects network systems and controls traffic flow Forwards packets using static routes or dynamic routes Bidgoli, MIS, 11th Edition. © 2024 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 34  Packet Switching Network Bidgoli, MIS, 11th Edition. © 2024 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 35  Network Concepts Client/Server Model Software runs on the local computer (the client) The client communicates with the remote server to request information or services Three levels of logic ○ Presentation logic: focuses on how data is returned to the client ○ Application logic: focuses on software processing requests for users ○ Data management: focuses on data management and storage operations Bidgoli, MIS, 11th Edition. © 2024 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 36  Two-Tier Architecture Two-Tier Architecture Client (tier one) communicates directly with the server (tier two) Effective in small workgroups Bidgoli, MIS, 11th Edition. © 2024 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 37  N-Tier Architecture N-Tier Architectures Works to balance the workload between the client and server Removes the application logic from the client and server and places it on a middle-tier server Three-tier architecture is the most common Bidgoli, MIS, 11th Edition. © 2024 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 38  N-Tier Architecture Bidgoli, MIS, 11th Edition. © 2024 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 39  Network Concepts Wireless and Mobile Networks A wireless network uses wireless instead of wired technology A mobile network operates on a radio frequency Bidgoli, MIS, 11th Edition. © 2024 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 40  Wireless and Mobile Networks Advantages Disadvantages Mobility Limited throughput Flexibility Limited range Easy of installation In-building penetration Low cost problems Provide access when no Vulnerability to frequency noise infrastructure is in place Security Bidgoli, MIS, 11th Edition. © 2024 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 41  Wireless Technologies Portable computers use small antennas to communicate with radio towers Fall into two groups ○ Wireless LANs (WLANs) ○ Wireless WANs (WWANs) Rely on the RF spectrum Bidgoli, MIS, 11th Edition. © 2024 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 42  Wireless Technologies Portable computers use small antennas to communicate with radio towers Fall into two groups ○ Wireless LANs (WLANs) ○ Wireless WANs (WWANs) Rely on the RF spectrum Wi-Fi Broadband wireless technology Allows computers to communicate over a wireless signal Bidgoli, MIS, 11th Edition. © 2024 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 43  Wireless Technologies Wi-Fi (cont) Easy to set up Fast data transfer rates Security concerns due to susceptibility to interference WiMAX Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access Broadband wireless technology Designed for wireless MANs Bidgoli, MIS, 11th Edition. © 2024 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 44  Wireless Technologies Bluetooth Allows fixed and mobile devices to transfer data over short distances Can create a personal area network (PAN) for computerized devices Mobile Networks Three-part architecture ○ Base stations ○ Mobile telephone switching offices ○ Subscribers Bidgoli, MIS, 11th Edition. © 2024 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 45  Mobile Networks Have a three-part architecture ○ Base stations ○ Mobile telephone switching offices ○ Mobile communication devices Roaming is using a cellular phone outside of the carrier’s limited service area Two technologies have been developed to improve quality of digital communication ○ Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) ○ Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) 5G offers highest speeds Bidgoli, MIS, 11th Edition. © 2024 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 46  Mobile Networks Have a three-part architecture ○ Base stations ○ Mobile telephone switching offices ○ Mobile communication devices Roaming is using a cellular phone outside of the carrier’s limited service area Bidgoli, MIS, 11th Edition. © 2024 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 47  Wireless Security Additional security vulnerabilities for wireless security from ability to get in range of an access point (AP) Techniques to improve security ○ Include a Service Set Identifier (SSID) ○ Use a Wired Equivalent Privacy (WEP) ○ Use an Extensible Authentication Protocol (EAP) ○ Use Wi-Fi Protected Access (WPA) ○ Use WPA2 Bidgoli, MIS, 11th Edition. © 2024 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 48 Convergence of Voice, Video and Data Convergence is the integration of voice, video, and data to that multimedia information can be used for decision making May require network upgrades to support media that requires additional bandwidth (i.e. video) Newer available technologies such as ATM, Gigabit Ethernet, 5G networks have made convergence more accessible Result of combination of technological innovation, changes in the market structure, and regulatory reform Applications that use convergence include e-commerce, video on demand, video conferencing, virtual reality and more. Bidgoli, MIS, 11th Edition. © 2024 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 49  Knowledge Check Activity 1-1 Which statement describes the OSI model? a. It is a seven layer architecture that defines how data is transmitted from computer to computer. b. It is a five layer architecture that defines how data is transmitted from computer to computer. c. It is a communication protocol used by the Internet. d. It is a communication protocol used by wireless technologies. Bidgoli, MIS, 11th Edition. © 2024 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 50 Knowledge Check Activity 1-1: Answer Which statement describes the OSI model? Answer: It is a seven layer architecture that defines how data is transmitted from computer to computer. The OSI models has seven layers that are used. Starting at the top, they are as follows: Application layer, Presentation layer, Session layer, Transport layer, Network layer, Data link layer, Physical layer Bidgoli, MIS, 11th Edition. © 2024 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 51  Polling Activity 1-1 It’s time to take a poll! Get your devices ready and open your [Kahoot] app. You can join the poll using this link/PIN: [enter link or PIN] The Internet is the largest network of computers. What type of network is it? a. LAN b. WAN c. MAN d. NET Bidgoli, MIS, 11th Edition. © 2024 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 52  Polling Activity 1-1: Answer The Internet is the largest network of computers. What type of network is it? Answer: WAN Wide Area Networks can span cities, states and countries. The Internet is an example of a WAN. Bidgoli, MIS, 11th Edition. © 2024 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 53  Discussion Activity 1-1 What are the layers of the Open Systems Interconnection? What is the advantage of using this standard? Discuss possible correct answers with your classmates. Bidgoli, MIS, 11th Edition. © 2024 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 54  Discussion Activity 1-1: Answer What are the layers of the Open Systems Interconnection? What is the advantage of using this standard? Answer: Seven layers are used to define how data is transmitted from computer to computer in a network. It standardizes interaction between network computers exchanging information. Explanation: The OSI model distinctly separates services, interfaces, and protocols which allows it to be flexible with different network configurations and underlying hardware and software used. Bidgoli, MIS, 11th Edition. © 2024 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 55  Self Assessment What networking hardware devices have you used in the past? What type of network or computer safety issues have you (or a friend or another student) experienced? How did you troubleshoot those issues? Bidgoli, MIS, 11th Edition. © 2024 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 56  Summary Now that the lesson has ended, you should be able to: Describe the major applications of a data communication system. Explain the three major components of a data communication system. Describe the three major types of processing configurations Explain the three types of networks. Describe the five main network topologies. Explain important networking concepts. Bidgoli, MIS, 11th Edition. © 2024 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 57