BCHS-W3.pdf

BASIC COMPUTER HARDWARE SERVICING O God, Creator of all things, who in Mary and Joseph gave us a marvellous example of sanctifying ordinary work, grant me, through the intercession of the Holy Family of Nazareth, the grace to study intensely in Your presence, in a consistent and orderly way, with a...

BASIC COMPUTER HARDWARE SERVICING O God, Creator of all things, who in Mary and Joseph gave us a marvellous example of sanctifying ordinary work, grant me, through the intercession of the Holy Family of Nazareth, the grace to study intensely in Your presence, in a consistent and orderly way, with an upright intention and the desire to serve others. May I always remember to offer my work to you, as I do now, so that my hours of study truly become hours of prayer, bringing me closer to You. Help me to sanctify my work so that, through my study, I may also sanctify myself and others, reaping the human and supernatural fruit You expect and attaining the joy of loving You for ever in Heaven. Amen.  DECIMAL TO BINARY VS BINARY TO DECIMAL DECIMAL TO HEXADECIMAL HEXADECIMAL TO BINARY VS BINARY TO HEXADECIMAL Arithmetic\Logic Unit where data is held temporarily where calculations take place Control Unit (CU) manages and interprets the execution of instructions Interface Units (I/O) moves program instructions and data between the CPU and other Memory hardware components repository of process and data Memory management unit supervises the fetching of instructions and data from memory I/O interface is also part of the control unit bus interface unit is used to combine input and output function Control Unit determines an instruction to be executed by reading Program Counter (PC) or Instruction Pointer (IP) contains address of current instructions next instruction Sequence of instructions is modified by executing instructions that change the contents of the program counter. Register is a single, permanent storage location within the CPU used for a particular, defined purpose. used to hold binary value temporarily for: storage manipulation simple calculations Each register are wired within CPU to perform specific role usual size of a register ranges from 1 to 128 bits Kinds Accumulator (Calculator) Program Counter Register\Instruction simple arithmetic instructions Counter Registers General-Purpose Registers - set holds the address of the current of accumulator registers instructions being executed user-visible\program-visible - Instruction Registers accessed by instructions in holds the actual instruction user programs executed by the computer Kinds Status Registers I/O Registers 1-bit registers known as flags handles input\output data for keeps track of special conditions several input\output devices such as a pair of registers that will hold arithmetic carry and I/O address of device overflow I/O data power failure behaves like a MAR and MDR internal computer error Kinds Memory Address Registers (MAR) Memory Data Registers (MDR) holds the address of a memory also known as memory buffer location register holds data value that is being stored to or retrieved from the memory location currently addressed by the memory address register Four primary types of operations that registers supports: Registers can be loaded with values from other locations, in particular from other registers or from memory locations. This operation destroys the previous value stored in the destination register, but the source register or memory location remains unchanged Four primary types of operations that registers supports: Data from another location can be added to or subtracted from the value previously stored in a register, leaving the sum or difference in the register. Four primary types of operations that registers supports: Data in a register can be shifted or rotated right or left by one or more bits. This operation is important in the implementation of multiplication and division 0010 1101 0101 1010 1011 0100 Four primary types of operations that registers supports: The value of data in a register can be tested for certain conditions, such as zero, positive, negative, or too large to fit in the register.  MDR and MAR acts as an interface between CPU and memory In binary LSB means Least Significant Bit MSB means Most Significant Bit 0001 = 1 while 1000 = 8  MAR has 0011 0001 in decimal it is 49 Address Decoder converts the address and points to the decoded address MDR then lets you access the data in the memory unit  HAPPY MONDAY!