BB SS 20-22 Chapter 9 Nations, Nation States, and internationalism PDF

Chapter 9 (Related Issue 3) Nations, Nation States and Internationalism What motivates nations and nation-states to become involved in international affairs? ⚪ Needs — things that people must have to survive. Needs include food, water, shelter, and health. ⚪ Wants — thi...

Chapter 9 (Related Issue 3) Nations, Nation States and Internationalism What motivates nations and nation-states to become involved in international affairs? ⚪ Needs — things that people must have to survive. Needs include food, water, shelter, and health. ⚪ Wants — things that people desire. Wants are not necessary to survive. Someone may, for example, want a cell phone or a tattoo, even though he or she can survive without one. Abraham Maslow’s Hierarchy of Human Needs ⚪ Psychologist Abraham Maslow studied people’s needs. He saw a pattern — and believed that everyone ranked her or his needs in the same order of importance. (Maslow’s Hierarchy was influenced by the Sikiska people near Calgary) video  Needs and Motives of Successful Nation-States Many successful nation-states, especially those with democratic governments, are motivated to achieve and maintain economic stability peace and security self-determination humanitarianism  Economic Stability ⚪ nations and nation-states serve their national interest by seeking ways to achieve economic stability. ⚪ 1. might decide to provide more money for training apprentices in skilled trades. By creating a more skilled workforce, the government will attract more industries to the country. This will generate more job opportunities ⚪ 2. might develop trade policies that support exports — products that are sold in other countries. Strong exports help keep employment levels high. When they spend money, they create a demand for more goods and services. The companies that produce the goods and services will in turn hire more workers to keep up with sales. This cycle feeds economic stability.  Peace and Security ⚪ safety and security are the second-most-important human need. ⚪ nation-states protect their citizens because it is in the national interest to do this ⚪ promote safety and security at home by passing laws, creating police forces, and making rules  Continued… ⚪ Nations are motivated to create alliances with one or more countries to protect themselves against conflict. ⚪ The North Atlantic Treaty Organization — NATO — is an example of a protective alliance among countries. ⚪ Canada and the United States have also formed the North American Aerospace Defense Command, or NORAD. NORAD’s purpose is to defend North American air space.  Self-Determination ⚪ motivated to control your own life, you will make your own decisions ⚪ nations and nation-states are also strongly motivated to control their future. ⚪ Canadians wanted to determine their own future and over time, achieved full sovereignty. ⚪ Other nations can be served best if they are part of a larger nation-state. Nunavut in 1999, Inuit peoples in Canada have controlled many aspects of their destiny as a nation within Canada. ⚪ Usually it’s formal agreement between one nation and another.  Humanitarianism ⚪ People are motivated to help others to at least some extent. ⚪ nation-states are also motivated to take action to relieve suffering and protect the innocent. ⚪ humanitarianism — acting to support the dignity and wellbeing of all people. ⚪ Sometimes, helping people within their own nation. ⚪ Natural disasters, disease, war, and conflict can all cause tremendous suffering. So countries send money, supplies, emergency teams, and humanitarian workers to help. Isolationism ⚪ True isolationism is a policy of staying completely out of world affairs. ⚪ no dealings at all with other countries. ⚪ Until 1854, for example, Japan had followed an isolationist policy for more than two centuries. ⚪ Complete isolationism is rare. More commonly, an “isolationist” country follows this policy in one area but not in others. ⚪ How could this benefit a country? How could it harm it? Unilateralism ⚪ Countries are sometimes motivated to respond to world events on their own—unilaterally. Unilateralism means going at it alone. ⚪ issue during the Cold War between the United States and the Soviet Union. They were racing to see who could stockpile more and deadlier weapons. Bilateralism ⚪ Bilateralism refers to agreements between two countries. ⚪ When two countries are motivated by the same issue or need ⚪ Canada with the United States to try to solve the problem of acid rain. ⚪ Canada was being affected by acid rain caused by pollution generated in the United States — and vice versa. Supranationalism ⚪ involves nations agreeing to go along with decisions made by an international organization. ⚪ members of supranational organizations give an outside body the power to make some decisions for them. ⚪ The European Union is a political and economic union ⚪ of countries in Europe. ⚪ When member countries join the EU, they must give up some control over their own affairs. Multilateralism ⚪ Multilateralism refers to many parties acting together as one. ⚪ Several countries cooperate to resolve an issue of concern to all of them. ⚪ Multilateralism is a favorite strategy of middle powers ⚪ Canada is a middle power.  Supranationalism Multilateralism Definition Countries cede some sovereignty Countries cooperate while maintaining to a higher authority. full sovereignty. Decision- A central authority has the Decisions are made by consensus or Making power to make binding negotiation among countries. decisions. Sovereignty Member states give up some Member states retain full sovereignty in sovereignty in certain areas. all areas. Examples European Union (EU), African United Nations (UN), World Trade Union (AU), European Court of Organization (WTO), Paris Climate Justice Agreement Enforcement Binding decisions, with Voluntary compliance, with no central enforcement mechanisms. enforcement.  The World Health Organization ⚪ formed by the United Nations in 1948 to tackle global health issues. ⚪ Contagious diseases can spread quickly, especially in this age of frequent air travel. ⚪ One of the WHO’s greatest triumphs has been to completely eliminate smallpox. ⚪ SARS, first appeared in China in 2002. It spread to 26 countries, including Canada, where it killed 44 people.  Right to Play ⚪ In many war torn societies, children do not play sports. In some places, children who want to play risk their lives because landmines have been planted in towns or villages. ⚪ Johann Olav Koss, was one of the first to act. Koss had won four Olympic gold medals. He founded Right to Play, an international NGO, in 2003. ⚪ The headquarters are in Canada, and the organization’s mission is to improve children’s lives. ⚪ In countries such as Angola, Right to Play used games and sports to educate children about HIV/AIDS and healthy living.  The Arctic Council ⚪ Formed in Ottawa in 1996, its members include countries with territory in the Arctic: Canada, Finland, Iceland, Norway, the Russian Federation, Sweden, the United States, and Denmark, including Greenland and the Faroe Islands. ⚪ It is in the national interest of all these groups to protect the fragile environment of the Arctic. As a result, a council priority is to promote sustainable development and monitor the effects of climate change in the Arctic. How does internationalism benefit nations and nation-states? Discuss with your partner and come up with at least 3 benefits. How does internationalism benefit nations and nation-states? ⚪ Sharing responsibility for world affairs — and doing this openly and co-operatively — would improve everyone’s security and prosperity.  Internationalism and Peace and Security ⚪ The League of Nations, had failed to achieve its main goal of keeping peace. When World War II ended, they founded a new international body: the United Nations. ⚪ The UN provides a forum for discussing disputes and listening to concerns — in hopes of improving peace and stability for all nations and states.  Internationalism and Economic Stability ⚪ UN believed that the Great Depression of the 1930s had helped encourage ultra nationalism in countries such as Germany. ⚪ World Bank and International Monetary Fund — The UN setup the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development, which is now part of the World Bank. It also set up the International Monetary Fund, or IMF. The original purpose of these organizations was to help countries in Europe and Asia recover from World War II. The World Bank and the IMF now provide financial and technical help to developing countries. ⚪ World Trade Organization — Two years after World War II ended, the UN also set up the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade, or GATT. In 1995, the GATT was replaced by the World Trade Organization. The WTO tries to promote freer trade and settle trade disputes between countries.  Internationalism and Self-Determination ⚪ The voices of Indigenous peoples were often ignored. ⚪ The existence of Indigenous peoples was completely ignored because their numbers were small. ⚪ They began working together in various international organizations, such as the International Working Group on Indigenous Affairs (IWGIA) and are dedicated to promoting and defending Indigenous Peoples’ rights. ⚪ the UN General Assembly adopted the Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples. This confirmed Indigenous peoples’ right to self-determination. Internationalism and Humanitarianism ⚪ International organizations have helped countries in crisis ⚪ for example, the tsunami that devastated many Southeast Asian countries on December 26, 2004. More than 200 000 people in 11 countries were killed. Millions more needed help. ○ Donations poured in, and international relief agencies such as the International Red Cross and Doctors Without Borders quickly swung into action. They supplied medical aid, clean water, food, and other supplies.