BIO-PHILIC Carbohydrates PDF

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HarmlessDeciduousForest3089

Uploaded by HarmlessDeciduousForest3089

Zagazig University

Ibrahim Al-Husseiny

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carbohydrates biochemistry organic chemistry biology

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This document is a set of notes or a textbook on the topic of carbohydrates. It includes classifications and biological importance. The author is Dr. Ibrahim Al-Husseiny, and the document seems geared towards a postgraduate level.

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BIOPHILIC Carbohydrates ‫ ابراهيم الحسيني‬.‫د‬ Bio-Philic ‫ ابراهيم الحسيني‬.‫د‬ Carbohydrate chemistry They are the most abundant form of organic matters on the earth ‫الكربوهيدرات هي...

BIOPHILIC Carbohydrates ‫ ابراهيم الحسيني‬.‫د‬ Bio-Philic ‫ ابراهيم الحسيني‬.‫د‬ Carbohydrate chemistry They are the most abundant form of organic matters on the earth ‫الكربوهيدرات هي اشهر المركبات العضوية الموجودة علي سطح االرض‬ They are poly hydroxy aldehyde or poly hydroxy ketone or their derivatives )‫(مشتقاتهم‬ Carbohydrates Contain the elements )‫(عناصر‬: C, H, O Produced by fundmental pathway )‫ ;(طريقة اساسية‬photosynthesis )H20 + CO2) ‫البناء الضوئي‬ All animals are reliant on carbohydrate as a source of energy ‫مصدر للطاقة‬ Carbohydrates are found in: MCQ ‫الحتة دي مهمة‬ a) Plants in the form of starch and cellulose b) Animals in the form of glycogen in liver ‫ الكبد‬and muscle ‫العضالت‬ ‫ال ولم ولن يخلو منه أي امتحان‬ 1 Bio-Philic ‫ ابراهيم الحسيني‬.‫د‬ Classification Of Carbohydrates 1 Monosacchaarides contain single sugar unit 2 Disaccharides contain 2 sugar units 3 Oligosaccharides contain 3 to 10 sugar units 4 Polysaccharides contain more than 10 units ‫ال ولم ولن يخلو منه أي امتحان‬ 2 Bio-Philic ‫ ابراهيم الحسيني‬.‫د‬ Monosaccharides They are the simplest sugars ‫ابسط انواع السكر‬ They are the building units of carbohydrates ‫الوحدة البنائية‬ Their general formula is CnH2nOn MCQ ‫الحتة دي مهمة‬ ‫ال ولم ولن يخلو منه أي امتحان‬ 3 Bio-Philic ‫ ابراهيم الحسيني‬.‫د‬ Classification of Monosaccharides A. According to active group: 1) Aldoses : contain aldehyde group 2) Ketoses : contain ketone group B. According to the number of carbon atoms: 3 Carbons: triose 4 Carbons: tetrose 5 Carbons: pentose 6 Carbons: hexose 7 Carbons: heptose C. According to number of carbon atom and active group: Studying medicine without teacher is like a sailing without boat, and studying biochemistry without Ibrahim El-Husseiny is like not going to the sea at all ! ‫ال ولم ولن يخلو منه أي امتحان‬ 4 ‫‪Bio-Philic‬‬ ‫د‪.‬ابراهيم الحسيني‬ ‫الصيغ الكيميائية للفهم فقط‬ ‫‪Aldoses‬‬ ‫‪Ketoses‬‬ ‫‪Trios‬‬ ‫‪Glyceraldehyde‬‬ ‫‪Dihydroxyacetone‬‬ ‫يحتوي علي ‪ 3‬ذرات كربون والمجموعة الفعالة ‪aldehyde‬‬ ‫يحتوي علي ‪ 3‬ذرات كربون والمجموعة الفعالة ‪ketone‬‬ ‫‪Tetrose‬‬ ‫‪Erythrose‬‬ ‫‪Erythroulose‬‬ ‫يحتوي علي ‪ 4‬ذرات كربون والمجموعة الفعالة ‪aldehyde‬‬ ‫يحتوي علي ‪ 4‬ذرات كربون والمجموعة الفعالة ‪ketone‬‬ ‫‪Pentose‬‬ ‫‪Ribose‬‬ ‫‪Xylose‬‬ ‫‪Ribulose‬‬ ‫‪Xyloulose‬‬ ‫ال ولم ولن يخلو منه أي امتحان‬ ‫‪5‬‬ Bio-Philic ‫ ابراهيم الحسيني‬.‫د‬ Aldoses Ketoses Hexoses Mannose Glucose Galactose Fructose Heptoses Heptose Sedoheptulose ‫ال ولم ولن يخلو منه أي امتحان‬ 6 Bio-Philic ‫ ابراهيم الحسيني‬.‫د‬ ‫ ُم ِه َّمةٌ ِجدًّا‬MCQ 1) Hexoses are the most common forms of monosaccharides 2) Trioses are the smallest form of monosaccharides 3) The active group is called anomeric carbon (C1 in aldoses or C2 in ketoses) Now, Show me your intelligence; the smallest monosacchride is: a) Sedoheptulose b) Galactose c) Glyceraldehyde d) Ribose Biological importance of monosaccharides 1) Ribose RNA 2) Deoxyribose DNA 3) Glucose: is the sugar of blood ‫الدم‬ 4) Fructose: is the sugar of the semen ‫السائل المنوي‬ 5) Galactose: formed in mammary gland ‫الغدد الثديية‬ to make lactose (milk sugar) 6) Mannose: enter the structure of glycoproteins ‫بروتين سكري‬ ‫ال ولم ولن يخلو منه أي امتحان‬ 7

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