Basics of European Law 2024 PDF

The Finnish Constitution and Basics of European Law ANNALEENA KOLEHMAINEN 2024 Finnish Constitution  Finland is parliamentary democracy  Parliament has the supreme legislative power oversees the government decisions  The Prime Minister leads the Government’s work  The Presiden...

The Finnish Constitution and Basics of European Law ANNALEENA KOLEHMAINEN 2024 Finnish Constitution  Finland is parliamentary democracy  Parliament has the supreme legislative power oversees the government decisions  The Prime Minister leads the Government’s work  The President leads the foreign policy together with the Government and is the Commander-in-Chief of the Defense Forces First steps of European Union  https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xRwZyDTdCAc 0:00-3:37 and17:26-23:50  In 1951 European Coal and Steel Community, ESCC, (Communauté européenne du charbon et acier CECA) France, Germany, Italy, Belgium, Netherlands, Luxembourg  Organization and decision making served as a model for the future  In 1957, this same group of countries (France, Germany, Italy, Belgium, Netherlands, Luxembourg) signed the Treaties of Rome which opened the door for the creation of the European Economic Community (EEC) and the European Atomic Energy Community or EURATOM Enlargement of EU 1952 France, Germany, Italy, Belgium, Netherlands, Luxembourg 1971 Great Britain, Ireland, Denmark 1981 Greece 1986 Spain, Portugal 1995 Austria, Finland, Sweden 2004 Poland, Czech Republic, Slovakia, Hungary, Slovenia, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Cyprus, Malta 2007 Bulgaria, Romania 2013 Kroatia First Country to exit EU  In the Treaty of Lisbon 2009 article 50 was created -> it includes a plan for a country that wishes to exit EU  U.K. had a referendum on 23rd of June 2016 -> Brexit  U.K. left EU on 1st of January 2021 Current situation: In EU area Internal or Single Market  Internal or Single Market: Free movement of goods, services, capital, and persons  The European Union (EU): 27 Member States  The European Economic Area (EEA): unites the 27 EU Member States and the three EEA States (Iceland, Liechtenstein, and Norway) into an Internal Market governed by the same basic rules  In addition, Switzerland has strong co-operation with EU and EEA countries based on bilateral treaties and adoption of several EU provisions by Switzerland  Brexit decided by a referendum on 23rd of June 2016, as a consequence UK left EU on 1st of January 2021  Internal or single market can be created by  NO  customs duties  quantitative restrictions  prohibition of measures having an equivalent effect  physical and technical barriers  With  The principle of mutual recognition  promotion of standardization Legislation  Regulations  Directly applicable in all member states  For example, General Data Protection Regulation  Directives  Has to be included (implemented) into Member State’s own legislation  For example, Directive 2011/83/EU on consumer rights  If directive is detailed enough, can have direct effect  Decisions  Binding to those parties who they are addressed to (a Member State or legal or natural person) EU Institutions  The European Council establishes the overall direction of EU policy, but it does not have the power to pass laws  It meets for two or three days at least once every six months under the leadership of its President, who is currently Charles Michel It is composed of the Heads of State, or of Government, of each member state and also the President of the EU Commission  The Council of the European Union (the Council of Ministers)  representsthe governments of the member states and forms part of the legislative power  The formations of the Council of the EU vary according to the subject to be treated (natural environment, economy, employment, etc.).  has a rotating presidency, with a duration of six months,  At the moment Germany (Portugal, Slovenia)  The European Commission exercises executive power itsmembers are chosen every five years by the European Parliament Italso has the capacity to sanction any member states that fail to comply with community law President of the commission Ursula van der Leyen  The European Parliament represents the citizens of EU and is chosen by them every 5 years  shares the legislative power with the Council of the EU  The Court of the European Union controls the application and correct interpretation of community law