Basic Nursing 1 - Pentecost University - PDF

PENTECOST UNIVERSITY BASIC NURSING 1 LECTURER: MERCY SAGOE OUTLINE  Objectives  Nursing described  Focus of nursing  Nursing defined  Scope of nursing practice  Roles and enhanced roles  Duties  Responsibilities  assignment OBJECTIVES At the end of the co...

PENTECOST UNIVERSITY BASIC NURSING 1 LECTURER: MERCY SAGOE OUTLINE  Objectives  Nursing described  Focus of nursing  Nursing defined  Scope of nursing practice  Roles and enhanced roles  Duties  Responsibilities  assignment OBJECTIVES At the end of the course the students are expected to 1. Define nursing and describe who a nurse 2. Describe the focus of nursing 3. Explain the scope of nursing 4. Explain the roles and expanded roles of the nurse 5. Explain the duties and responsibilities of the nurse 6. Outline the principles of nursing practice COURSE OBJECTIVES At end of the course the students are expected to :  Collect relevant data from patient/ client.  Analyse data to identify patients’ needs.  Plan, organise, implement and evaluate basic nursing care  Meet physical, psychological and spiritual needs of the patients.  Demonstration and technical skills in various nursing  NURSING DESCRIBED Nursing is basically rendering service to patients. WHO IS A PATIENT? Client or patient. Nursing basically offers services that are geared towards the provision of care to  promote or  maintain health – prevent, detect, treat diseases and disabilities and restore the highest possible level of health following disease or injury  the nurse works as a team player with other health workers in the facility FOCUS  Assist individuals to meet their daily health needs  Committed to individualized care – young, old, rich, poor, etc.  AS AN ADVOCATE TO THE PATIENT  Solicits for the services of other practitioners on behalf of the patient  Interpreting patient’s needs to relatives or care givers  Plans patient’s care DEFINITION OF NURSING  Virginia Henderson  She was modern nurse she stated that “the unique function of a nurse is to assist the individual sick or well in the performance of those activities contributing to health or its recovery or (to peaceful death)” that he would have performed unaided if he had the necessary strength, will or knowledge, and to do this in such a way as to help him gain independence as rapidly as possible “ (1966) DEFINITIONS Nursing is to assist the individual sick or well, in the performance of those activities contributing to health or its recovery, or to a peaceful death that he would perform unaided if he had the necessary strength, will or knowledge, and to do this in such a way as to help him gain independence as rapidly as possible. by Virginia Henderson (1996)  FLORENCE NIGHTINGLE (1860)  Defined Nursing as:  “The act of utilizing the environment of patient to assist him in his recovery”.  FLORENCE NIGHTINGLE is considered as the 1st nurse Theorist. She raised the status of nursing theory and education. She considered clean, well ventilated and quiet environment essential for patient recovery “The act of utilizing the environment of the patient to assist him in the recovery” 1860 By Florence Nightingale(1860)  Professional nursing association definition of nursing. 1. American Nurses Association (ANA) describes nursing as; 1 a) A direct goal oriented and adaptable to the needs of the individual, family, and community during health and illness (1973) 1 b) ANA redefine nursing as the diagnosis and treatment of human responses to actual or potential health problem. (1980) 2 c. ‘nursing practice is a direct service, goal directed and adaptable to the needs of the individual, family, and community during an illness’’. by AMERICAN NURSES ASSOCIATION 2. “Nursing is the unique function of the nurse that is to assist the individual ( sick or well) in the performance of those activities contributing to health or its recovery (or to a peaceful death) that he would perform unaided if he had the necessary strength will or power’’. by THE INTERNATIONAL COUNCIL OF NURSES (ICN)  OTHER DEFINITION OF  NURSING Various nursing definitions include:  NURSING AS CARING  NURSING AS AN ART  NURSING IS A SCIENCE  NURSING IS CLIENT ORIENTED  NURSING HOLISTIC  NURSING IS ADAPTIVE  NURSING IS CONCERNED WITH HEALTH PROMOTION, MAINTAINANCE AND HEALTH RESTORATION  NURSING IS A HELPING PROFESSI0N 2. NURSE A person professionally trained in the giving of personal nursing care to persons who are sick or infirm, whether in hospital, clinic or home and in the giving of health education to he clients, families, and the community as a whole.. MIDWIFERY It is the health science and profession that deals with pregnancy, childbirth, and the postpartum period including care of the new born, in addition to the sexual and reproductive health of women throughout their lives. By INTERNATIONAL CONFEDERATION OF MIDWIVES (ICM) Midwifery is the profession for  MIDWIFE A midwife is a person who has successfully completed a midwifery education program that is based on the ICM essential competences of basic midwifery practice and framework of the ICM global standards for midwifery education and is recognized in the country where it is located SCOPE OF NURSING PRACTICE  ROLES  FUNCTIONS  RESPONSIBILITIES  ACTIVITES That registered nurse is educated and authorized to perform her roles and responsibilities as legally expected. ROLES  The roles of the nurse is not cast in iron. It changes to meet needs of the society.  Records or documents medical history or events  Collaboration  Advocacy  Operate medical equipment ROLES CONT’D  Monitor patients  Perform some diagnostic tests RDT,HVS,RBS,FBS,BLOOD FILM FOR MALARIA PARASITES  Health education and promotion  Planning of patient care  Nursing management eg requisition of stores supplies and ward management EXPANDED ROLES OF THE NURSE The roles of the nurse is not cast in iron. It changes to meet needs of the society. 1. From direct and limited care to extensive care and collaboration of patient care 2. From dependence of delegation of duty to self regulatory and self determining 3. From limited to societal responsibilities 4. From ill health oriented to health oriented 5. From emphasizing on doing things for the patient to respecting the patient's ability to collaborate in planning patient care 6. Assists patient to meet psychological in the nurse patient relationship In addition to performing skillful tasks the nurse is also expected to be knowledgeable in the profession. It is important that the nurse acquires sound knowledge of scientific principles of professional judgement in the execution of competent care DUTIES / ACTIVITES Supervision and monitoring Collect relevant data Record maintenance Administer medication  MEET HEALTH NEEDS OF PATIENTS  Assess patients health problems and plan care with them  Render counselling to patients and family  Administer nursing care  Provide primary health care in the community RESPONSIBILITIES / CODE OF CONDUCT Assignment for students  GROUP 1 Patients' responsibilities  Group 2 Nurses responsibilities  Group 3 Rights of the patient PRINCIPLES OF NURSING PRACTICALS 1. NURSING PRINSIPLES  SAFETY  THERAPEUTIC EFFECTIVENESS  COMFORT  USE OF RESOURCES  GOOD WORKMANSHIP  TAKING THE PATIENT AS AN INDIVIDUAL PRINCIPLES CONT’D 2. SCIENTIFIC PRINCIPLES  MEDICAL  ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY  MICROBIOLOGY  NUTRITION  BIOLOGICAL  PHARMACOLOGY  PHYSICS  CHEMISTRY  PHYSICAL AND SOCIAL SCIENCES  PSYCHOLOGY  SOCIOLOGY PRINCIPLES CONT’D  SCIENCE-knowledge based on carefully collected facts arranged and classified into laws and principles.  ART-skill in doing something or a body of practical knowledge that informs one to work to produce results. CORE OF NURSING- Promotion of health Prevention of illness Restoration of health Alleviation of pain ESSENTIALS OF NURSING The science of nursing The art of nursing The spirit of nursing EXTENT OF NURSING IS TO: The individual The family The society HEALTH PROMOTION AND PREVENTION OF ILLNESS The World Health Organization, WHO (1978) defines health as “a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity  Health Promotion involves teaching clients adopt healthy lifestyles e.g. good nutrition, exercises, immunization restricting smoking, non- prescribed drugs, alcohol abuse, preventing both home accidents and accidents in general RESTORATION OF HEALTH  Restoration health directs attention to caring of ill patients starting from early detection of disease, through helping the patient through recovery and rehabilitation of the clients  NURSING ACTIVITIES OF HEALTH RESTORATON:  Provision of direct care to the patient such as ; administration of drug, bathing, treatment of the mouth and giving specific procedures such as inhalation treatment  Performing Diagnostic and assessment procedures e.g. taking vital signs,  Teaching patients techniques that aid recovery after surgery e.g. breathing exercises, to enable quick recovery  Rehabilitation of patients to their optimal functioning level after physical, or mental illness, injury or drug addition. PRELIMINARY NURSING PROCEDURES TO ENSURE COMFORT OF PATIENT  Body mechanics  Bed bathing  Bathroom bathing and grooming  Care of pressure areas  Treatment of infested hair  Mouth care including complications of neglected mouth  Observation and recording of vital signs  Serving of meals  Feeding of helpless patients  Intake and output charts  Serving of bedpans  Bed making  Nursing process THANKS FOR YOUR ATTENTION