Basic Characteristics of Bacteria Students Copy PDF

What are Bacteria?  Bacteria are microscopic single-celled (0.2-2 µm in diameter and 1-10 µm in their length)  Prokaryotic organism in different shapes  Organelles are “naked” lack membrane coat as compare to eukaryotes  Exist both in and out of other organisms unlike...

What are Bacteria?  Bacteria are microscopic single-celled (0.2-2 µm in diameter and 1-10 µm in their length)  Prokaryotic organism in different shapes  Organelles are “naked” lack membrane coat as compare to eukaryotes  Exist both in and out of other organisms unlike virus  Live and survive in extreme habitats “microbiome”  Bodies, Soils Water , air  Yes! Yes!! Yes!!! “Microbiome” concept is about all microbes existing in a particular We live in a environment: Cloud of Bacteria!  Air microbiome  Soil microbiome  Water microbiome  Human bodies microbiome  Airborne bacteria are in form of  Bioaerosol  Droplets Forms of Airborne  Dust Bacteria Cloud  Particles  Airborne bacteria are released from activities of : Sources of  Animals Airborne  Plants Bacteria Cloud  Humans  Humans microbiome play a vital role in bacteria activities: Beneficial bacteria Bacteria Cloud  Digestion in Humans  Immune system function microbiome  Overall humans health Harmless bacteria Harmful bacteria  Yes! Yes!! Yes!!! Bacteria exhibit characteristics that define life  Metabolism (metabolized nutrients into energy for growth and reproduction)  Reproduction (binary fission) Are Bacteria Living?  Response to stimuli (change in pH, temperature, nutrient scarcity)  Homeostasis (regulation of internal stability and balance to support cellular function)  Evolution (mutation, gene transfer, natural selection)  Genetic material (DNA)  Fundamentals of bacteria cover aspects of bacterial biology, structure, ecology and diversity  Cellular structure (prokaryotic cell, no defined organelles, genetic material located in nucleoid zone) Fundamentals of  Ecology & Diversity (found everywhere on earth, Bacteria exhibit great diversity in morphology, physiology and ecological role, nutrient cycling, symbiosis, ecosystem dynamics  Pathogenicity (produce virulent toxins, colonise host tissue, avoid immune system, cause infection) Welcome to the lecture on Bacteria. I trust you will all enjoy listening to me  Basic Characteristics of Bacteria Feature Description Cell wall Distinct composition Cell membrane Extra layer Primitive cell structure No distinct nucleus Cell organelles Simple cell organization Ribosome 70 S type DNA gyrase Unique enzyme Respiration Aerobic without mitochondria Reproduction Multiple methods Pilli Sexual reproduction organelles Distribution Cosmopolitan – presence everywhere Feeding dependence Many modes Chloroplast Absence  Testann Metabolic mechanism Catalase Detect hydrogen peroxide breakdown Coagulase detect blood clotting Bacteria Oxidase Detect cytochrome C that transfer Identification Based electrons to oxygen on Biochemical Tryptophanase Detect yield of indole Tests Sugar fermentation Detect fermentation ability to produce acid and gas Classification of Bacteria Bacteria classification is based on the following: Shape pH Oxygen  Simple shape Shape Description Image Coccus Spherical or round Bacteria Classification Based Bacillus Rod on Simple Shapes Spiral Curve, spiral, or twisted  Shape Description Image prefix Compound shape Diplo- Divided cells remain in pairs Strepto- Divided cells remain in chain Tetrad- Divided cells remain in Bacteria group of four in two Classification Based planes on Compound Sarcinae Divided cell remain in Shapes group of eight in three planes Staphylo Divided cells remain in - cluster in multiple planes  Bacteria Type pH Example Acidiophiles ≤5 Acidithiobacillus Neutrophiles 7 Humans pathogens and environmental microbes Alkaliphiles >9 Bacillus alkalophilus Bacteria B. firmus Classification Based Neutrotolerant/Facult Wide Gut bacterium on pH ative range of (Escherichia coli) pH Extremophiles (0-1) and cave-dwelling (13-14) bacteria produce acidic slime, stomach bacteria-cause ulcer,  Bacteria Type O2 Example Environment Aerobes 21 % Bacillus, Pseudomonas, Micrococcus, Staphylococcus Facultative Grow in Escherichia coli, anaerobe presence or Pseudomonas aeruginosa, absence of O2 Staphylococcus, Listeria, Bacteria Salmonella, Shewanella Classification Based oneidensis, and Yersinia pestis. on Oxygen Anaerobes Grow in Bacilli Lactobacilli Bacteria Bacteroides absence of O2 Clostridium Staphylococcus Peptostreptococcus Microaerophiles Grow in slightly Vibrio, Campylobacter, Legionella, Neisseria... decrease oxygen Helicobacter tension MANY THANKS FOR YOUR WRAPPED ATENTION