Bacterial Cell Structure Quiz PDF

Bacterial Cell Structure Quiz Your Name: 1. What is the primary structure that distinguishes Gram positive bacteria from Gram negative bacteria? A. Presence of outer membrane B. Number of amino acids in tetrapeptide C. Shape of bacterial cells D. Thickness of cell wall 2. Which compon...

Bacterial Cell Structure Quiz Your Name: 1. What is the primary structure that distinguishes Gram positive bacteria from Gram negative bacteria? A. Presence of outer membrane B. Number of amino acids in tetrapeptide C. Shape of bacterial cells D. Thickness of cell wall 2. Which component is essential for the cross-linking of the peptidoglycan chain? A. NAG B. Di-amino pimelic acid C. UDP-NAM D. Lisine 3. What is the process by which NAG is converted to NAM in bacterial cells? A. Enzymatic conversion B. Phosphorylation C. Hydrolysis D. Dephosphorylation 4. What kind of bridge is formed in Gram negative bacteria for peptidoglycan cross-linking? A. Amino acid bridge B. Hydrogen bridge C. Direct bridge D. Geo-bridge 5. Which type of amino acids are found in the tetrapeptide of the peptidoglycan structure? A. Both D and L-amino acids B. Amino acids are not present C. Only D-amino acids D. Only L-amino acids 6. What is responsible for the directional movement of bacterial cells? A. Counterclockwise and clockwise rotation B. Cytoplasmic membrane adjustments C. Flagella structure alone D. Chemical stimuli absorption 7. Which structure is primarily composed of the protein subunit pilin? A. Fimbriae (pili) B. Filament C. Basal body D. Flagella 8. What effect does clockwise rotation of flagella have on bacterial movement? A. Change of direction B. Enhanced adhesion C. Increased chemotaxis D. Straight line movement 9. Which of the following statements about fimbriae is true? A. They are coiled structures. B. They facilitate adherence to host tissues. C. They are larger than flagella. D. They assist in the movement of bacteria. 10. What is one of the roles of the tips of fimbriae? A. Creating chemical signals for communication B. Binding to specific sugars on host cells C. Producing biochemical energy D. Acting as flagella for movement 11. What is the primary structural difference between Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria regarding peptidoglycan layers? A. Gram positive bacteria typically have around 40 layers of peptidoglycan, while Gram negative bacteria have 2-3 layers. B. Gram negative bacteria have more layers of peptidoglycan than Gram positive bacteria. C. Gram positive bacteria have fewer layers of peptidoglycan than Gram negative bacteria. D. Both types of bacteria have the same number of layers of peptidoglycan. 12. Which characteristic best describes the cell wall of Mycobacteria? A. It contains a thick layer of peptidoglycan similar to Gram positive bacteria. B. It lacks any protective layers against phagocytosis. C. It has a complex, lipid-rich structure providing acid-fastness. D. It is primarily composed of DAP in the tetrapeptide. 13. What occurs during the Gram staining process to Gram negative bacteria? A. The crystal violet dye is trapped in the thick peptidoglycan layer. B. The outer membrane is retained and crystal violet does not wash out. C. Crystal violet is washed away, revealing a red counterstain. D. The decolorizer enhances the visibility of the peptidoglycan layer. 14. What component is found in the tetrapeptide of Gram positive bacteria? A. DAPA. B. D-amino acid. C. L-alanine. D. L-lysine. 15. Which of the following bacteria is well-known for being visualized as purple when Gram stained? A. Staphylococci. B. Escherichia coli. C. Salmonella. D. Neisseria gonorrhoeae. 16. What factors influence the composition of the intestinal microbiota in infants? A. Mode of delivery and infant feeding method B. Infant's birth weight and height C. Season of birth and exposure to sunlight D. Geographical location and parent's health 17. Which vitamin is NOT biosynthesized by intestinal microbiota? A. Vitamin B6 B. Vitamin K C. Vitamin D D. Vitamin B12 18. What characterizes the intestinal microbiota of infants? A. High stability and low diversity B. Low stability and low diversity C. Low stability and high diversity D. High stability and high diversity 19. What role does fermentation of polysaccharides play in the functions of intestinal microbiota? A. Breaks down proteins B. Inhibits nutrient absorption C. Promotes angiogenesis D. Provides energy sources for gut microbes 20. Which of the following is a consequence of dysbiosis in the gut microbiota? A. Stabilization of gut flora B. Increased risk of disease C. Improved immune response D. Enhanced biosynthesis of vitamins 21. What is the primary therapeutic application of fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT)? A. Enhancing nutrient absorption B. Transferring healthy gut bacteria C. Increasing microbial diversity D. Reducing caloric intake 22. Permanent colonization by microbes is distinguished from transient colonization primarily by: A. Microbial type B. Duration of microbial presence C. Location in the body D. Mode of transmission 23. What is NOT a function of intestinal microbiota? A. Activation of host immune responses B. Competition with pathogenic microbes C. Biosynthesis of amino acids D. Enhancing brain activity 24. What is one of the main functions of the skin microbiota? A. To increase the pH of the skin B. To maintain a healthy cutaneous barrier C. To absorb nutrients from the skin D. To produce vitamin D 25. Which factor can lead to dysbiosis of the skin microbiota? A. Environmental factors B. Regular exercise C. Hydration D. Balanced diet 26. What structure surrounds a bacterial cell's cytoplasmic membrane? A. Cellulose layer B. Cell wall/outer membrane C. Mitochondrial membrane D. Capsule only 27. What is the role of topoisomerases during DNA replication? A. To unwind and manage DNA supercoiling B. To synthesize new DNA strands C. To initiate DNA replication at the origin D. To remove RNA primers from newly synthesized DNA 28. How is bacterial DNA characterized in terms of structure? A. Single-stranded and circular B. Linear and wrapped around histones C. Double-stranded and circular D. Double-stranded and linear 29. Which enzyme is primarily responsible for initiating the process of DNA replication? A. Primase B. Topoisomerase I C. Ligase D. Polymerase I 30. What is a unique biochemical target for antibiotic action in bacteria? A. Topoisomerases B. Histones C. Ribosomes D. Cell wall synthesis 31. During DNA replication, new strands are synthesized in which manner? A. Exclusively on the leading strand B. Conservatively C. Semiconservatively D. Discontinuously 32. What type of plasmid primarily helps bacteria overcome stressful conditions? A. Virulence plasmids B. Degradative plasmids C. Fertility plasmids D. Construction plasmids 33. What type of genome do bacteria possess? A. Haploid with histones B. Diploid with histones C. Haploid without histones D. Polyploid with histones 34. What is required for the rolling circle replication of DNA? A. Only single-stranded DNA B. Helicase only C. A nicking enzyme D. DNA-dependent DNA polymerase IV 35. What is the characteristic of plasmids in bacteria? A. Circular and extrachromosomal B. Single-stranded and linear C. Double-stranded and part of the chromosomal DNA D. Double-stranded and located in the nucleus 36. Which topoisomerase is primarily involved in relaxing supercoiled circular DNA at the end of bacterial DNA replication? A. RNA polymerase B. Topoisomerase II C. Topoisomerase IV D. Topoisomerase I 37. What best describes the structure of DNA in bacteria? A. Wrapped around proteins forming nucleosomes B. Contains multiple linear strands C. Single, circular, double-stranded and supercoiled D. Two separate circular molecules 38. What is the function of DNA-dependent DNA polymerase during DNA replication? A. To nick the DNA strands B. To unwind the DNA C. To synthesize RNA primers D. To synthesize a copy of the DNA 39. In bacterial DNA replication, what mechanism do topoisomerases primarily support? A. Separation of RNA from DNA B. Molecular shielding of DNA C. Supercoiling and relaxation of DNA D. Base pairing of RNA