Bacteria Cells and Diseases PDF

Bacteria Pathogens and Disease  Learning Points Describe how Identify the Give examples bacterial parts of a of bacterial diseases are bacteria cell...

Bacteria Pathogens and Disease  Learning Points Describe how Identify the Give examples bacterial parts of a of bacterial diseases are bacteria cell infections. treated.  What are bacteria? Bacteria are microorganisms which are single-celled prokaryotes. Some bacteria are pathogenic in plants and animals. Types of Bacteria: BY SHAPE Bacillus (bacilli): Coccus (cocci): Rod-shaped. Spherical or round- Examples: shaped. Escherichia coli (E. Examples: coli), Bacillus Streptococcus, subtilis Staphylococcus  Streptococcus Escherichia coli Types of Bacteria: BY SHAPE Spirillum (spirilla): Spiral or helical- Vibrio: Comma- shaped. shaped. Examples: Example: Vibrio Helicobacter pylori, cholerae Treponema pallidum  Helicobacter pylori Vibrio cholerae Types of Bacteria: BY GRAM STAIN Gram-positive: Stain Gram-negative: Stain purple due to a thick pink or red due to a peptidoglycan layer in thinner peptidoglycan their cell wall. layer and an outer Examples: Staphylococcus membrane. aureus, Streptococcus Examples: E. coli, pneumoniae Salmonella  Types of Bacteria: BY OXYGEN REQUIREMENTS Facultative Aerobic: Anaerobic: anaerobic: Can Require oxygen for Do not require grow with or growth oxygen for growth; without oxygen. may even be harmed by it  A pathogen is a microorganism which Dividing bacteria causes disease. Bacteria divide by binary fission. They replicate their DNA and divide into two cells which are exact copies of each other.  Bacteria are known as Salmonella prokaryotes because they do not have a nucleus. Salmonella is a pathogenic bacteria which causes food poisoning. It is caused by poor kitchen hygiene and gives the infected person stomach cramps, sickness and diarrhoea. To prevent the spread of salmonella, some countries vaccinate their poultry.  Gonorrhea Gonorrhea is a bacterial disease which is transmitted by sexual intercourse. People with gonorrhea have pain urinating and can have discharge from their penis or vagina, however in the long term it can impact fertility. It is treated by antibiotics.  A pathogen is a microorganism which Dividing bacteria causes disease. Bacteria divide by binary fission. They replicate their DNA and divide into two cells which are exact copies of each other. Treating bacterial infections Bacterial diseases can be treated with antibiotics, however they are not as effective as they used to be. Bacteria are evolving to become resistant to existing antibiotics, so there is a lot of research into finding new antibiotics to fight diseases.  ‘Good’ bacteria Not all bacteria are pathogenic. Some are very useful such as the bacteria in the intestines. They help us digest food, absorb nutrients and produce vitamins.  Comparing to viruses Bacteria are larger than viruses and can be treated with antibiotics. Antibiotics are not effective against viruses. Bacteria are living, whilst viruses are non-living organisms. Viruses only replicate inside a host cell, whilst bacteria can survive and divide on their own. Bacteria End of the presentation