Back of the Thigh and Popliteal Fossa.pptx

BACK OF THIGH AND POPLITEAL FOSSA By Dr. Muslim A. Abbas M.B.Ch.B F.I.C.M.S  POSTERIOR COMPARTMENT OF THIGH  Muscles: Hip Extensors and Knee Flexors (Hamstring)  Blood Vessels: Perforating branches of Profunda femoris artery  Nerve Supply: Sciatic Nerve ...

BACK OF THIGH AND POPLITEAL FOSSA By Dr. Muslim A. Abbas M.B.Ch.B F.I.C.M.S  POSTERIOR COMPARTMENT OF THIGH  Muscles: Hip Extensors and Knee Flexors (Hamstring)  Blood Vessels: Perforating branches of Profunda femoris artery  Nerve Supply: Sciatic Nerve  MUSCLES  There are four muscles called Hamstrings: 1) Biceps femoris 2) Semitendinosus 3) Semimembranosus 4) Posterior Part of Adductor magnus  NERVE MUSCLE ORIGIN INSERTION SUPPLY ACTION Hip extension Long head: ischial and lat. Biceps tuberosity; short Head of fibula rotation, Knee femoris head: lateral lip of linea aspera flexion and lat. rotation Semi Med. surface of tendinosus proximal tibia Sciatic Hip extension and medial nerve rotation, Knee Med. and post. [L5 to flexion and Semimembr surface of medial rotation anosus Ischial medial tibial S2] tuberosity condyle Adductor Hip adduction magnus Adductor and medial (Hamstring tubercle rotation part)  SCIATIC NERVE  The sciatic nerve descends into the posterior compartment of thigh from the gluteal region. It innervates all muscles in the posterior compartment of thigh and then its branches continue into the leg and foot.  the sciatic nerve lies on the adductor magnus muscle and is crossed by the long head of biceps femoris muscle.  Proximal to the knee, and sometimes within the pelvis, the sciatic nerve divides into its two terminal branches: the tibial nerve and the common fibular nerve.  TIBIAL NERVE  The tibial part of the sciatic nerve, either before or after its separation from the common fibular nerve, supplies branches to all muscles in the posterior compartment of thigh (long head of biceps femoris, semimembranosus, semitendinosus)  It descends through the popliteal fossa, enters the posterior compartment of leg and continues into the sole of the foot.  The tibial nerve innervates all muscles in the posterior compartment of leg.  COMMON FIBULAR NERVE  The common fibular part of the sciatic nerve innervates the short head of biceps femoris in the posterior compartment of thigh and then continues into the lateral and anterior compartments of leg and onto the foot.  POPLITEAL FOSSA  The popliteal fossa is an important area of transition between the thigh and leg and is the major route by which structures pass from one region to the other.  The popliteal fossa is a diamond-shaped space behind the knee joint formed between muscles in the posterior compartments of the thigh and leg  BOUNDARIES OF POPLITEAL FOSSA  Laterally: Biceps femoris above and the lateral head of the Gastrocnemius and Plantaris below.  Medially: Semimembranosus and Semitendinosus above and the medial head of the Gastrocnemius below.  Floor: popliteal surface of the femur and the popliteus muscle.  Roof: Skin and fascia.  CONTENTS OF POPLITEAL FOSSA 1. Termination of the small saphenous vein. 2. Popliteal artery and vein and their branches and tributaries. 3. Tibial and common fibular nerves. 4. Posterior cutaneous nerve of thigh 5. Popliteallymph nodes and lymphatic vessels  POPLITEAL ARTERY  Continuation of femoral artery after passing through adductor hiatus.  The popliteal artery passes inferolaterally through the fossa and ends at the inferior border of the popliteus by dividing into the anterior and posterior tibial arteries.  It gives five genicular branches in the popliteal fossa that form genicular anastomosis (superior lateral, superior medial, middle, inferior lateral, and inferior medial genicular arteries). THANK YOU