BAB-GEC-3101-Midterm Module 1 PDF

**\ ** *Course Mapping.............................................................. i* *Table of Contents.............................................................ii* *Academic Honesty Statement................................................... iii* ***TABLE OF CONTENTS*** +---------------...

**\ ** *Course Mapping.............................................................. i* *Table of Contents.............................................................ii* *Academic Honesty Statement................................................... iii* ***TABLE OF CONTENTS*** +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | TOPICS | PAGE | TIME ALLOTMENT | | | | | | | | (MINUTES) | +=======================+=======================+=======================+ | ***Elements and | 1 | 35 Minutes | | principle of art*** | | | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | ***The elements of | 3 | 30 Minutes | | visual art*** | | | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | ***Principles of | 5 | 30 minutes | | arts*** | | | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | ***Artistic | 10 | 25 minutes | | Criticism*** | | | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | ***Assignment*** | 21 | 45 minutes | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | ***Activity*** | 22 | 25 minutes | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | ***Formative | 23 | 45.8 minutes | | assessment*** | | | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ **Academic Honesty Clause** Plagiarism is the use or close imitation of the language and thoughts of another author and the representation of them as one's original work. (*1995 Random House Compact Unabridged Dictionary*) In the academe, it is an adaption or reproduction of an original intellectual creation, be it concepts, ideas, methods, pieces of information or expressions of another author, whether individual, group, or organization without proper acknowledgment. Moreover, plagiarism can range from borrowing a particular phrase or sentence to paraphrasing someone else's original idea without citing it. The most common form of plagiarism, especially nowadays, is copying and pasting online material without crediting the source. Every student must practice Academic Honesty. Academic misconduct is subject to an academic penalty by the instructor and/or disciplinary sanction by the College. I \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ fully understood the definition and description of plagiarism stated above and I am familiar with the Student Conduct Code. I am aware that I shall be penalized if plagiarism is found evident on my output which includes, gaining a failing grade. As a college student and a member of scholarly community, I shall value other people's ideas. Thus, I pledged to commit to the following truthful statements: 1. I shall not submit other people's work and present them as my own. 2. I will not take any passages from their own previous work without adding citations. 3. I will not rewrite someone else's work without properly citing sources. 4. I shall not use quotations without citing the source. 5. I will not interweave various sources together in my work, without citing. 6. I will not rely too heavily on other people's work. 7. I shall bring original thought into my own work. 8. I will not disclose any exams/questionnaires/activities after I have taken them. 9. I will not copy any material from another student and submit it as my own. 10. I shall not share my own completed output to another class/student. **\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_** **REFERENCE**: [[https://courses.lumenlearning.com/suny-collegesuccess-lumen1/chapter/academic-honesty/]](https://courses.lumenlearning.com/suny-collegesuccess-lumen1/chapter/academic-honesty/) https://www.business.umt.edu/et **ELEMENTS & PRINCIPLES OF ART** **EXPLORE** Mediums and elements are the two major factors in creating an artwork. One can easily identify the elements through the medium used. Elements is independent of medium; if we say that a painting is made of watercolor, it is medium but when we say that the painting is made of warm and cool colors, we are speaking of elements. Same also with music, when we say that a song was accompanied by guitar or piano, we say it is medium but when we say that the song has its pattern of melody we pertain to elements. The elements of art constitute an important part of the language of art. Basically, elements of art are the primary source to have knowledge in understanding and appreciating art because it is visually detectable. Thus, artist used elements as basic component in art making. In a practical sense it is considered as the building blocks or ingredients of art. Expressing feelings and sentiments by the artist using elements or visual vocabulary intelligently can be a great source for the audience to fully understand an artwork Elements of art is one of the basics in understanding principles of art and art criticism or art analysis. Choose a song or musical recording from different genre like R&B, acoustics, love songs, etc. Listen and define a song. What makes a song an experience to remember after listening to it, is it the basic elements like melody, timbre, duration, loudness, or texture? If you experience all this element as you listen to the song. Write it in your art journal and share your answer to your seatmate. Look at any painting that you like. Look at the details of the artwork, such as color, line, shape, texture, space and value. Can you identify each element from one another? How can you describe the distinction of one element to the other? Write it in your art journal and discuss it with your seatmate. **ENRICH** **Play Video:** 1\. Principles of Art Source: 2\. How to look at Art - The elements of Art part1 Source:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pigFSxi25qc&list=PLUPyLCL\_r37YfalHGuBUXBzbaGO6l4tef 3\. The Principles of Design Source: **The Elements of Visual Arts include Line, Shape, Form, Space, Color, Texture and Value.** **1. LINE** line is the strongest and most important and influential. Without line there can be no shape. Without shape there can be no form. Without form there can be no texture and there can be no pattern. Lines are powerful tools that can be used smartly to lead the viewers eyes towards the point of interest in a photograph, and alter the overall feeling and mood of an image. Line can be considered as the oldest, simplest, and universal elements for creating visual arts. Connecting dots can be considered as line Line is important in making any work of arts like in painting, sculpture and architecture. Through lines, artist can make us know what the work is all about. Thick lines and thin lines are used to make representation of shapes and forms, can create drawing and necessary in working with figurative and non figurative art. The best quality of lines is giving direction in the artwork. The viewer\'s eyes can recognize the movement for a better orientation. For a better understanding about this first vocabulary of art, we have to consider the other functions of line; - **Outline and form**  - **Movement and emphasis** - **Pattern and texture**  [**https://www.slideshare.net/shaktinanda/basic-design-visual-arts-eelements-of-design**](https://www.slideshare.net/shaktinanda/basic-design-visual-arts-eelements-of-design) - **Shading and modeling** Learning to Draw with Graphite Pencil \| Here\'s What You Need to Know **Kinds of Line** 1. **Vertical Line** - Vertical lines depict power and strength stability, simplicity, poise or stature and dynamism. An example of vertical line can be a man standing, a tall tree, a tall building and even statues of saints. Some monuments of heroes with vertical lines suggest honor and dignity. It also motivates certain emotion or even sentiments, a deeper sense of adoration and praise in some architectural monuments like cathedrals.  Jose Rizal 2\. **Horizontal Lines** - Horizontal line is basically associated with rest and repose. It suggests serenity and quietness, relaxation and reflection, stability and inaction Landscape often impart a feeling of tranquility because of supremacy of horizontal line like the bodies of water meeting the sky in a sunset scene which is commonly called horizon. Horizontal line is visible also in a dead man reclining, resting animals, a serene sea and a cemetery FOGGY COUNTRYSIDE Horizontal Canvas Print image 0 3\. **Diagonal Lines** - Diagonal lines are lines of action and movement. 1t also suggests impulse, will power, aspiration, passion, and emotion. Almost all artworks that suggest actions, assumes to have diagonal lines. The degree of an action depends on the angle of the diagonal. A woman dancing with a position of forty-five degrees is in its maximum of action while weak angles are below forty-five degrees gives an impression of uncertainty, instability, insecurity and a sense of collapse. A man running, a bended tree because of the wind, an air plane on it take off, and a flowing river comprise horizontal lines.  4**. Curved Lines** - It is considered as \"line of grace\" and of beauty\". It is associated with smooth movements In graceful dance, simple smile or a tree bending because of heavy weight of fruits, or even curly hair. Curved line is most pleasing among the other lines discussed. It implies softness, and flexibility. Most common curved line can be associated with arches, scallops and spiral that can be easily recognize in ornamental designs like the Maranao Okir in wood carvings like sari-manok. VISUAL ELEMENTS - Theo Earney 5\. **Jagged Lines** -Jagged lines is associated with pointed and sharp object that signifies difficulty and discomfort. It also shows violence, torture, confusion, and conflict.  *The Raft of Medusa* by Théodore Géricault (1819) 2. **SHAPE** Shape is an enclosed area or surface. It can be easily identified because when a line crosses itself or intersects with other lines to enclose a space it creates a shape. Shape is the principal element of identification. For that shape to be successfully identifiable, it needs to be in strong contrast with its surroundings so that it is detached from the clutter around it. It is impossible to create shape without using other basic elements. Shape is responsible in creating the subject in art even representational or abstract art. Shape can be two-dimensional and can be three dimensional. Two-dimensional exist with height and width, while three-dimensional exist with height, width and volume. There are two categories or classification of shape: ***\"Balancement\".*** Wassily Kandinsky (1866-1944) Russia a\. **Geometric Shape** Its origin came from mathematical perspective. It includes Circles, Squares, rectangles and triangles. We see them in architecture and manufactured items. Geometric shape can be Rectilinear or Curvilinear. There are also Geometric shapes in different cultures and Geometric shapes in Contemporary arts. **Geometric Shapes** b\. **Organic or biomorphic Shape** -- Oftentimes we see them in nature and with characteristics that are free flowing, informal and irregular. These shapes derived from any living organisms. Trees, flowers, birds, fishes and even sea shells are organic shapes.  3**. FORM** It is the overall design of an artwork. It describes the structure of shape and object from the different perspective. The organization of the object or thing in the entire composition is what makes form identifiable. Almost all visual arts are concern with form since artist deliberately use forms create movement that would lead the viewers eyes in full attention. Since form consist of size, height, width and volume it always suggests visual weight. In painting which is two dimensional, the three-dimensional or form can be recognizable if by using illusion and perspective as well as shading and modeling, Such in the case of pyramid. Pyramid is presented as one triangle, but when it is view from left and right sides using perspective or if it views from the top, the pyramid represents four triangles. Sculpture and architecture deal with three dimensional forms. Shape, Form & Pattern - Art Verve 4\. **SPACE** Space is the surface or the area within the artwork. It constitutes the area or distance, between, around, above or within things. Artist who deals in painting and architecture consider space to be of great importance. Architecture can be considered as art of space. Buildings with its exterior, interior appears to have a spacious element. In two-dimensional art like painting space includes the background, the foreground and the middle ground for the viewers to visualize the distance within the artwork. There are two kinds of space: Positive space is the space where most likely to be filled with shadows or color while negative space is the empty area in the artwork,  http://graphics.stanford.edu/\~niloy/research/constrained\_mesh/constrainedMesh\_sigga11.html 5\. **COLOR** Color can be considered as the most expressive of all the elements of art. Colors can be easily recognize in any visual experience. The primary source of colors came from light. We enjoy the beauty of nature and things around us through colors with the aid of light, This light has vibrating waves that varies in length which pass through our eyes and produce illumination of colors. The colors that we see in objects or things around us varies because of the reflection and absorption of light. One of our basic understanding about color spectrum was an experiment conducted by Isaac Newton in 1966 wherein a white light of the sun passes through a prism which reveals an array of colors that we called rainbow. These colors are: Red, Orange, Yellow, Green, Blue, Indigo and Violet or ROY G BIV. The Basic Properties of Color **PROPERTIES OF COLOR** 1\. **HUE** - is the name of a color and the property which distinguishes one color from another. The major hues are such as red, blue, or yellow. 2**. VALUE** - Value is the lightness or darkness of a hue (color). The value of a hue can be changed by adding black or white. 3\. **INTENSITY** -Intensity is the brightness or dullness of a hue (color). Pure hues are high-intensity colors. Dull hues are low-intensity colors.  **CLASSIFICATION OF COLOR** 1\. **Primary Colors** - are hues which can be mixed to create all other colors. Primary Colors are basic and cannot be mixed from other elements. They are to color what prime numbers are to mathematics. One can mix to primaries to get a Secondary Color. How many Primary Colors are there? \| by Ava Will \| Medium 2\. **Secondary Colors** - are the hues between the primary hues on the color wheel. The secondary colors are a combination of equal amount of two primaries. To get orange, you have equal parts of red and yellow. To get Violet, you mix equal parts of red and blue. To get green, you mix equal parts of blue and yellow. **The 3 Secondary Colors**  [**https://uxplanet.org/basic-guide-to-understanding-colors-2301c9d777f8**](https://uxplanet.org/basic-guide-to-understanding-colors-2301c9d777f8) 3\. **Intermediate Colors** - These colors are created by mixing a secondary color with a primary color like red-orange, red- violet, blue-violet, blue-green, yellow-green, yellow-orange. 4\. **Tertiary Colors** - are created by mixing two complementary colors or mixing two colors that are opposite from each other on the color wheel. One example is orange combined with green will result to Citron (yellowish gray), orange mixed with violet will result to Russet (Reddish Gray) and green combined with violet will result to buff (Bluish Gray).  5\. **Warm and Cool Colors** - Color can be associated with warmth and coldness in which the artist considered in any composition. All colors can be grouped as cool colors and warm colors. Warm colors express warmth; they are red, yellow and orange like sun, fire and golden fields. Warm colors are vivid and energetic, and tend to advance in space. Warm colors suggest cheerfulness, joy and excitement. Cool colors have the feel of being cold or cool; they are blue, violet and green like sky, sea, and earth. Cool colors give an impression of calm, and create a soothing impression. Cool colors depict rest, serenity and calmness. Warm colors always seem closer than cool colors and give an impression of advancing towards the viewer, that is why it is called advancing colors while cool colors are called receding or retreating colors. Cool colors are receding colors because when red, green and blue circles are in the composition, red seems closest to the viewer and blue farthest away. **COLOR HARMONY** - is the correct arrangement or combination of colors. It creates a pleasing arrangement which is essential in any visual experience. It also delivers visual interest and a sense of order. In visual experiences, harmony is something that is pleasing to the eye. It engages the viewer and it creates an inner sense of order, a balance in the visual experience. When something is not harmonious, it\'s either boring or chaotic. The human brain rejects what it cannot organize, what it cannot understand. To achieve harmony in arts and design it is necessary to consider Color Scheme.  **COLOR SCHEME** - In color theory, a color scheme is the choice of colors. Color schemes are used to create style and appeal. A basic color scheme will use two colors that look appealing together. More advanced color schemes involve several colors in combination, usually based around a single color, for example, text with such colors as red, yellow, orange and light blue arranged together on a black background in a magazine article. There are six formula in creating style and appeal: County Road 407 Spring 2020 Color Combinations for Decor Inspiration gathered by CountyRoad407.com 1\. **Complementary Color Scheme-** Colors that are opposite each other on the color wheel are considered to be complementary colors (example: red and green) Complementary color schemes are tricky to use in large doses, but work well when you want something to stand out. The high contrast of complementary colors creates a vibrant look especially when used at full saturation  2\. **Analogous Color Scheme** - Analogous color schemes use colors that are next to each other on the color wheel. They usually match well and create serene and comfortable designs. Analogous color schemes are often found in nature and are harmonious and pleasing to the eye. Make sure you have enough contrast when choosing an analogous color scheme. 3\. **Triadic Color Scheme** - A triadic color scheme uses colors that are evenly spaced around the color wheel. A Triadic color schemes tend to be quite vibrant, even if you use pale or unsaturated versions of your hues. To use a triadic harmony successfully, the colors should be carefully balanced. Let one color dominate and use the two others for accent.  4\. **Split-Complementary Color Scheme** - is a variation of the complementary color scheme. In addition to the base color, it uses the two colors adjacent to its complement. This color scheme has the same strong visual contrast as the complementary color scheme, but has less tension. The split complimentary color scheme is often a good choice for beginners, because it is difficult to mess up Learn what colors go together and why your paint color looks wrong in this color design lesson! \#decor \#paint \#color \#colorwheel \#decorator \#decorideas \#interiordesign \#colorschemes \#colorpallettes 5\. **Rectangle or Tetradic Color Scheme** - uses four colors arranged into two complementary pairs. This rich color scheme offers plenty of possibilities for variation. Tetradic color schemes works best if you let one color be dominant You should also pay attention to the balance between warm and cool colors in your design.  **6. Square Color Scheme - The square color scheme is similar to the rectangle, but with all four colors spaced evenly around the color circle. Square color schemes work best if you let one color be dominant. You should also pay attention to the balance between warm and cool colors in your design.**  [**https://www.pinterest.ph/pin/273030796145473179/**](https://www.pinterest.ph/pin/273030796145473179/) **PSYCHOLOGY OF COLORS - Colors are known to have varied psychological and emotional connotation. Thus, the meaning of color and its symbolism changes from one culture to other, Philippines has distinctive symbolism and meaning of colors in the diverse cultural groups. Christianity has its own meaning of colors. Thus, artist in the Philippines have strong influence from the western world regarding symbolism and meaning of colors.** **Black - Death, despair, gloom, sorrow (for fashion; elegance), mourning and darkness** **Blue - Infinity, Freedom, Calmness, serenity, sadness, peace, masculinity and loyalty** **Brown - Humility, earth, spiritual death, renunciation of the world** **Green - Nature, Freshness, Prosperity, Hope, Money, life, good health and well-being and envy** **Orange - Sweetness, Cheerfulness, energy, food, craving for food-** **Pink - Femininity and love** **Red - Bravery and courage, Energy, Passion, War, Warm, Ardent love and martyrdom** **Violet - Royalty, Dull, penance, mourning, and power.** **White -Purity, Clarity, Simplicity, Virginity, Peace, surrender, meekness, goodness and mourning** **Yellow - Joyful, Life, Vibrant, Sunshine, Happiness, warmth and cowardice** **6. VALUE - Right next to color, value can suggest emotional and dramatic impression by using lightness and darkness in composition. Value is referred to Chiaroscuro meaning lightness and darkness (from the Italian word chiaro \"clear\" and oscuro \"dark\". Thus, light and shadow mean the same thing It is a quality that depends on the amount of light and dark in color. They give expression of depth and solidity in visual art, Value is created by a certain source of light that strike or shines on an object creating highlights and shadows. It also illuminates the local or actual color of the subject. Furthermore, value creates depth within a picture making an object look three dimensional with highlights and cast shadows, or in a landscape where it gets lighter in value as it recedes to the background giving the illusion of depth. Value refers to the intelligent usage of tint, shades and tones in an artwork to achieve the desired mood of the work. Shading, tinting and toning, may create no boundaries of transition in surface rendering and when executed skillfully they appeared to be as realistic and natural. For architecture and sculpture values change because of light while in painting the values are fixed.** **The Incredulity of Saint Thomas by Caravaggio** [**https://webartacademy.com/painting-techniques-chiaroscuro**](https://webartacademy.com/painting-techniques-chiaroscuro) **Tint, Shades and Tones** **If a color is made lighter by adding white, the result is called a tint. black is added, the darker version is called a shade. And if gray is added, the result is a different tone.**  [**https://www.pinterest.ph/pin/99782947983597696/**](https://www.pinterest.ph/pin/99782947983597696/) **7. TEXTURE** **Texture is found in all visual arts. It is the elements that deals primarily with the sense of touch or the tactile sensation or stimuli. It is how the surface in a ceratin composition feels. Other elements discussed like color, line, shape, form and value can be associated with the sense of sight. The uniqueness of texture is distinctive because artist can create illusion like actual and stimulated that resulted the richness and natural characteristics of artworks. Texture maybe described as smooth, hard, soft, wet, dry, rough, slippery, etc.** [**https://digital-photography-school.com/working-with-textures-%E2%80%93-8-ideas-to-get-you-started/?%3A+DigitalPhotographySchool+%28Digital+Photography+School%29=**](https://digital-photography-school.com/working-with-textures-%E2%80%93-8-ideas-to-get-you-started/?%3A+DigitalPhotographySchool+%28Digital+Photography+School%29=) **Kinds of Texture** **1. Actual Texture** **Texture is capable of moving your deep emotions than any other elements. It refers to the real texture of an object. In such cases like in architecture and sculpture, differences in texture can be felt because of the different materials used like bronze, marble and ice for sculpture and bricks, concrete and polished stone for architecture. Thus, when it comes to painting or two-dimensional art, actual texture are found and felt as the artist incorporate other objects like scraps of cloth, bottle cups, leaves, papers and others. This process is called collage which was introduced by Picasso and Braque. In mix media art, artist can paste different objects with texture and at the same time use paints for the whole artwork. Aside from collage and mix-media art, painter can create texture using paints with the aid of brushes and palette knife. Post impressionist artist like Vincent Van Gogh used strokes using pigment which give body to the artwork called impasto. Impasto is a technique used in painting using very thick layers of paint using brush and palette knife.**  [**https://www.google.com/search?q=Actual+Texture+&tbm=isch&ved=2ahUKEwianYrV5O\_sAhXnGKYKHQUoDu8Q2-cCegQIABAA&oq=Actual+Texture+&gs\_lcp=CgNpbWcQAzICCAAyAggAMgIIADICCAAyAggAMgIIADICCAAyAggAMgIIADICCABQ6v8CWPfjE2Ck6hNoAHAAeACAAYIDiAGWBZIBBTItMS4xmAEAoAEBqgELZ3dzLXdpei1pbWfAAQE&sclient=img&ei=GjymX5qoO-exmAWF0Lj4Dg&bih=754&biw=1536**](https://www.google.com/search?q=Actual+Texture+&tbm=isch&ved=2ahUKEwianYrV5O_sAhXnGKYKHQUoDu8Q2-cCegQIABAA&oq=Actual+Texture+&gs_lcp=CgNpbWcQAzICCAAyAggAMgIIADICCAAyAggAMgIIADICCAAyAggAMgIIADICCABQ6v8CWPfjE2Ck6hNoAHAAeACAAYIDiAGWBZIBBTItMS4xmAEAoAEBqgELZ3dzLXdpei1pbWfAAQE&sclient=img&ei=GjymX5qoO-exmAWF0Lj4Dg&bih=754&biw=1536) 2\. **Implied or Simulated Texture** Simulated texture is the imitation of real texture or real objects. It is obtained through visual effects with the aid of other elements. Artist manipulate his medium to give an impression of texture and visual effects. Visual texture is an illusion of texture created by the artist. Contemporary artist takes simulated texture as a one of the great challenges in visual art. **PRINCIPLES OF ART** Principles of design is used to organize the elements of art in a certain composition. Basically, it is the strategies in creating a good and beautiful design. It is the proper arrangement of different elements to come up with a pleasurable art experience for the viewers. The effectiveness of elements of art will defend on the proper usage and manipulation of the principles of design which is the guiding principles and rules in art. The principles of arts and design are the following: 1\. **Emphasis-** In visual art, emphasis or subordination is the focal point or the center of interest in an artwork, it catches our attention so easily while the rest are subordinated. Usually the artist intentionally creates something that would stand out in the whole composition so that it will grab the attention of the viewer. It gives importance of what truly matters in the artwork  Hand threaded collage \| Happy Red Fish Art. ***There are three kinds of Balance*** a\. **Symmetrical Balance** - The most stable among the kinds of balance is symmetrical Balance or formal balance, When one side of the composition mirrors the other.  b\. **Asymmetrical Balance or informal balance** - it is achieved when one side of the composition does not reflect the design of the other but visually balanced. It can be obtained by using large object on the other side and distribute the size of the bigger part to form smaller sizes on the other side. The two sides are visually equal without being identical C. **Radial Balance** - elements and objects had a central point. There is a circular distribution of elements and objects in a composition,  3\. **Harmony** - Harmony is essential to beauty. It is achieved by using similar elements and establishing pleasing relationship with other elements through a body of work. Harmony shows interconnectedness of elements used. Thus, it gives an uncomplicated look that may result to unity. harmony art - Google Search  5\. **Movement** - It adds excitement to your work by showing action and directing the viewers- eye throughout the picture plane. Other elements used repeatedly can give impact to this principle through illusion like, color, line, form and shape. Visual Movement - Art Vocab Definition - YouTube 6**. Rhythm**- A regular repletion of elements can produce implied movement. Artists create visual rhythm by repeating art elements and creating patterns. Alternating lights and darks also give a sense of rhythm. Visual rhythm makes you think of the rhythms you hear in music or dance,  7\. **Proportion or Scale** - The comparative relationship of one part to another with regards to size. It is also the relationships of the size of objects in a body of work. Proportions give a sense of size seen as a relationship of objects such as smallness or largeness. 8\. **Unity** - It can be accomplished by using all elements and some principles to create a pleasing image. Unity is the feeling that everything in the work of art works together and looks like it fits  9**. Contrast**- Contrast can provide interest and excitement in an artwork or to any visual experience. Two things that are very different create a lot of contrast (complementary colors, for example) contrast in nature Painting by aleksandar rituper \| Saatchi Art **ARTISTIC CRITICISM** An art criticism is an evaluation of a work of art. It is considered as formal analysis or work of art.It is a tool to fully understand an artwork that would lead to a better art appreciation. One way of seeing how the elements and principle works is through art analysis. Characteristics of a certain artwork can be assessed as a means to measure the artist success in achieving his message in the artwork Some advantage of art criticism is the following it will give you confidence to discuss works of art without worrying about what other people might think. It will help you to organize your thoughts Develop the courage to speak your mind and make sound aesthetic judgments. Art criticism can make the study art less mysterious and more logical. It is a sequential approach for looking at and talking about art. It will help you to interpret works of art. You do not have to be an art history expert or museum curator to learn how to critique artwork. A quick reference to help understands, appreciate and analyze art is to follow the following steps: Describe, Analyze, Interpretation, Judgement 1\. **Describe** - Say something about the details of the artwork and the artist. Answering these questions would lead to a better description and background of the artwork. - What is the name of the artist who created the artwork? -. What kind of artwork is it, what medium is it? -. What is the name of the artwork? - When was the artwork created? - Name some other major events in history that occurred at the same time this artwork was created. - List the literal objects in the painting (trees, people. animals, mountains, rivers, etc.) - What do you notice first when you look at the work(s)? Why? - What kinds of colors do you see? How would you describe them? - What shapes can we see? What kind of edges do the shapes have? - Are there lines in the work(s)? If so, what kinds of lines are they? - What sort of textures do you see? How would you describe them? - What time of day/night is it? How can we tell? - What is the overall visual effect or mood of the work(s)? 2**. Analyze** - Mentally separate the parts or elements, thinking in terms of textures, shape, colors, form, value or lights and shadows, lines and space. It is also an important thing to consider the most significant art principles that were used in the artwork. Describe how the artist used them to organize the elements. Follow and answer the questions to know how -. How has the artist used colors in the work(s)? - What sort of effect do the colors have on the artwork? - How has the artist used shapes within the work of art? - How have lines been used in the work(s)? Has the artist used them as an important or dominant part of the work, work(s)? Has the artist or do they play a different roll? - What role does texture play in the work(s)? Has the artist used the illusion of texture or has the artist used actual texture? How has texture been used within the work(s). - How has the artist used light in the work(s)? Is there the illusion of a scene with lights and shadows, or does the artist use light and dark values in a more abstract way? - How has the overall visual effect or mood of the work(s)? been achieved by the use of elements of art and principles of design. - How were the artists design tools used to achieve a particular look or focus? 3\. **Interpretation** - An interpretation seeks to explain the meaning of the work based on what you have learned so far about the artwork, what do you think the artist was trying to say? - What was the artist\'s statement in this work? - What do you think it means? - What does it mean to you? - How does this relate to you and your life? - What feelings do you have when looking at this artwork? - Do you think there are things in the artwork that represent other things/symbols? - Why do you think that the artist chose to work in this manner and made these kinds of artistic decisions? 4\. **Judgement**-After careful observation, analysis, and interpretation of an artwork, you are ready to make your own judgment. This is your personal evaluation based on the understandings of the work(s). Here are questions you might consider: - Why do you think this work has intrinsic value or worth? What is the value you find in the work(s)? (For example, is it a beautiful work of art, does it convey an important social message, affects the way that I see the world, makes insightful connections, reaffirms a religious belief, etc.) - Do you think that the work(s) has a benefit for others? - Do you find that the work communicates an idea, feeling or principle that would have value for others? - Could the reason you find the work lacking come from a poor use of the elements of art? Explain. - Is the subject matter unappealing, unimaginative, or repulsive? How? - What kind of an effect do you think the work could have for others? - Rather than seeing the work as being very effective or without total value, does the work fall somewhere in between? Do you think that the work is just o.k.? What do you base this opinion on? The use of elements of art? Lack of personal expression? The work lacks a major focus? Explore your criticism of the work (s) as much as you would any positive perceptions. Realize that your own tastes and prejudices may enter into your criticism. Give your positive and negative perceptions. (Sources from Artistic Criticism - How to Critique an Artwork, [http://www. Diversifiedsrts.wordpress.com)] +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | KEY POINTS | +=======================================================================+ | **ELEMENTS & PRINCIPLES OF ART** line is the strongest and most | | important and influential. Without line there can be no shape. | | Without shape there can be no form. Without form there can be no | | texture and there can be no pattern. Lines are powerful tools that | | can be used smartly to lead the viewers eyes towards the point of | | interest in a photograph, and alter the overall feeling and mood of | | an image. Line can be considered as the oldest, simplest, and | | universal elements for creating visual arts. | | | | **The Elements of Visual Arts include Line, Shape, Form, Space, | | Color, Texture and Value.** | | | | line is the strongest and most important and influential. Without | | line there can be no shape. Without shape there can be no form. | | | | **Kinds of Line** | | | | **Vertical Line** - Vertical lines depict power and strength | | stability, simplicity, poise or stature and dynamism. An example of | | vertical line can be a man standing, a tall tree, a tall building and | | even statues of saints. Some monuments of heroes with vertical lines | | suggest honor and dignity. | | | | **Horizontal Lines** - Horizontal line is basically associated with | | rest and repose. It suggests serenity and quietness, relaxation and | | reflection, stability and inaction Landscape often impart a feeling | | of tranquility because of supremacy of horizontal line like the | | bodies of water meeting the sky in a sunset scene which is commonly | | called horizon. | | | | 3\. **Diagonal Lines** - Diagonal lines are lines of action and | | movement. 1t also suggests impulse, will power, aspiration, | | passion, and emotion. Almost all artworks that suggest actions, | | assumes to have diagonal lines. | | | | 4**. Curved Lines** - **Curved Lines** - It is considered as \"line | | of grace\" and of beauty\". It is associated with smooth movements In | | graceful dance, simple smile or a tree bending because of heavy | | weight of fruits, 5. 5. **Jagged Lines** -Jagged lines is associated | | with pointed and sharp object that signifies difficulty and | | discomfort. It also shows violence, torture, confusion, and conflict. | | | | or even curly hair. | | | | **2. Shape** is an enclosed area or surface. It can be easily | | identified because when a line crosses itself or intersects with | | other lines to enclose a space it creates a shape. Shape is the | | principal element of identification. For that shape to be | | successfully identifiable, it needs to be in strong contrast with its | | surroundings so that it is detached from the clutter around it | | | | a\. **Geometric Shape** | | | | Its origin came from mathematical perspective. It includes Circles, | | Squares, rectangles and triangles. We see them in architecture and | | manufactured items. Geometric shape can be Rectilinear or | | Curvilinear. There are also Geometric shapes in different cultures | | and Geometric shapes in Contemporary arts. | | | | b\. **Organic or biomorphic Shape** -- | | | | Oftentimes we see them in nature and with characteristics that are | | free flowing, informal and irregular. These shapes derived from any | | living organisms. Trees, flowers, birds, fishes and even sea shells | | are organic shapes. | | | | 3**. FORM** | | | | It is the overall design of an artwork. It describes the structure of | | shape and object from the different perspective. The organization of | | the object or thing in the entire composition is what makes form | | identifiable. | | | | 4\. **SPACE** | | | | Space is the surface or the area within the artwork. It constitutes | | the area or distance, between, around, above or within things. Artist | | who deals in painting and architecture consider space to be of great | | importance. | | | | 5\. **COLOR** | | | | Color can be considered as the most expressive of all the elements of | | art. Colors can be easily recognize in any visual experience. The | | primary source of colors came from light. We enjoy the beauty of | | nature and things around us through colors with the aid of light, | | | | **PROPERTIES OF COLOR** | | | | 1\. **HUE** - is the name of a color and the property which | | distinguishes one color from another. The major hues are such as | | red, blue, or yellow. | | | | 2**. VALUE** - Value is the lightness or darkness of a hue (color). | | The value of a hue can be changed by adding black or white. | | | | 3\. **INTENSITY** -Intensity is the brightness or dullness of a hue | | (color). Pure hues are high-intensity colors. Dull hues are | | low-intensity colors. | | | | **CLASSIFICATION OF COLOR** | | | | 1\. **Primary Colors** - are hues which can be mixed to create all | | other colors. Primary Colors are basic and cannot be mixed from | | other elements. They are to color what prime numbers are to | | mathematics. One can mix to primaries to get a Secondary Color. | | | | 2\. **Secondary Colors** - are the hues between the primary hues on | | the color wheel. The secondary colors are is a combination of equal | | amount of two primaries. To get orange, you mi equal parts of red | | and yellow. To get Violet, you mix equal parts of red and blue. To | | get green, you mix equal parts of blue and yellow. | | | | 3\. **Intermediate Colors** - These colors are created by mixing a | | secondary color with a primary color like red-orange, red- violet, | | blue-violet, blue-green, yellow-green, yellow-orange. | | | | 4\. **Tertiary Colors** - are created by mixing two complementary | | colors or mixing two colors that are opposite from each other on | | the color wheel. One example is orange combined with green will | | result to Citron (yellowish gray), orange mixed with violet will | | result to Russet (Reddish Gray) and green combined with violet will | | result to buff (Bluish Gray). | | | | 5\. **Warm and Cool Colors** - Color can be associated with warmth | | and coldness in which the artist considered in any composition. All | | colors can be grouped as cool colors and warm colors. Warm colors | | express warmth; they are red, yellow and orange like sun, fire and | | golden fields. | | | | **COLOR HARMONY** - is the correct arrangement or combination of | | colors. It creates a pleasing arrangement which is essential in any | | visual experience. It also delivers visual interest and a sense of | | order. In visual experiences, harmony is something that is pleasing | | to the eye. | | | | **COLOR SCHEME** - In color theory, a color scheme is the choice of | | colors. Color schemes are used to create style and appeal. | | | | 1\. **Complementary Color Scheme-** Colors that are opposite each | | other on the color wheel are considered to be complementary colors | | (example: red and green) Complementary color schemes are tricky to | | use in large doses, but work well when you want something to stand | | out. The high contrast of complementary colors creates a vibrant | | look especially when used at full saturation | | | | 2\. **Analogous Color Scheme** - Analogous color schemes use colors | | that are next to each other on the color wheel. They usually match | | well and create serene and comfortable designs. Analogous color | | schemes are often found in nature and are harmonious and pleasing | | to the eye. Make sure you have enough contrast when choosing an | | analogous color scheme. | | | | 3\. **Triadic Color Scheme** - A triadic color scheme uses colors | | that are evenly spaced around the color wheel. A Triadic color | | schemes tend to be quite vibrant, even if you use pale or | | unsaturated versions of your hues. To use a triadic harmony | | successfully, the colors should be carefully balanced. Let one | | color dominate and use the two others for accent. | | | | 4\. **Split-Complementary Color Scheme** - is a variation of the | | complementary color scheme. In addition to the base color, it uses | | the two colors adjacent to its complement | | | | 5\. **Rectangle or Tetradic Color Scheme** - uses four colors | | arranged into two complementary pairs. This rich color scheme | | offers plenty of possibilities for variation. | | | | **6. Square Color Scheme - The square color scheme is similar to the | | rectangle, but with all four colors spaced evenly around the color | | circle. Square color schemes work best if you let one color be | | dominant. You should also pay attention to the balance between warm | | and cool colors in your design.** | | | | **PSYCHOLOGY OF COLORS - Colors are known to have varied | | psychological and emotional connotation. Thus, the meaning of color | | and its symbolism changes from one culture to other, Philippines has | | distinctive symbolism and meaning of colors in the diverse cultural | | groups. Christianity has its own meaning of colors. Thus, artist in | | the Philippines have strong influence from the western world | | regarding symbolism and meaning of colors.** | | | | **Black - Death, despair, gloom, sorrow (for fashion; elegance), | | mourning and darkness** | | | | **Blue - Infinity, Freedom, Calmness, serenity, sadness, peace, | | masculinity and loyalty** | | | | **Brown - Humility, earth, spiritual death, renunciation of the | | world** | | | | **Green - Nature, Freshness, Prosperity, Hope, Money, life, good | | health and well-being and envy** | | | | **Orange - Sweetness, Cheerfulness, energy, food, craving for food** | | | | **Pink - Femininity and love** | | | | **Red - Bravery and courage, Energy, Passion, War, Warm, Ardent love | | and martyrdom** | | | | **Violet - Royalty, Dull, penance, mourning, and power.** | | | | **White Purity, Clarity, Simplicity, Virginity, Peace, surrender, | | meekness, goodness and mourning** | | | | **Yellow - Joyful, Life, Vibrant, Sunshine, Happiness, warmth and | | cowardice** | | | | **6. VALUE - Right next to color, value can suggest emotional and | | dramatic impression by using lightness and darkness in composition. | | Value is referred to Chiaroscuro meaning lightness and darkness (from | | the Italian word chiaro \"clear\" and oscuro \"dark\". Thus** | | | | **Tint, Shades and Tones** | | | | **If a color is made lighter by adding white, the result is called a | | tint. black is added, the darker version is called a shade. And if | | gray is dded, the result is a different tone.** | | | | **7. TEXTURE** | | | | **Texture is found in all visual arts. It is the elements that deals | | primarily with the sense of touch or the tactile sensation or | | stimuli. It is how the surface in a ceratin composition feels.** | | | | **Kinds of Texture** | | | | **1. Actual Texture** | | | | **Texture is capable of moving your deep emotions than any other | | elements. It refers to the real texture of an object** | | | | 2\. **Implied or Simulated Texture** | | | | Simulated texture is the imitation of real texture or real objects. | | It is obtained through visual effects with the aid of other elements | | | | **PRINCIPLES OF ART** | | | | Principles of design is used to organize the elements of art in a | | certain composition. Basically, it is the strategies in creating a | | good and beautiful design. It is the proper arrangement of different | | elements to come up with a pleasurable art experience for the viewers | | | | 1\. **Emphasis-** In visual art, emphasis or subordination is the | | focal point or the center of interest in an artwork, it catches our | | attention so easily while the rest are subordinated. | | | | 2\. **Balance** - It has something to do with visual weight. An | | artist deliberately uses other elements like value, color and | | texture to create visual weight and balance. | | | | There are three kinds of Balance | | | | a\. **Symmetrical Balance** - The most stable among the kinds of | | balance is symmetrical Balance or formal balance, When one side of | | the composition mirrors the other. | | | | b\. **Asymmetrical Balance or informal balance** - it is achieved | | when one side of the composition does not reflect the design of the | | other but visually balanced. | | | | C. **Radial Balance** - elements and objects had a central point. | | There is a circular distribution of elements and objects in a | | composition, | | | | 3\. **Harmony** - Harmony is essential to beauty. It is achieved by | | using similar elements and establishing pleasing relationship with | | other elements through a body of work | | | | 4\. **Variety** - This principle creates an interest and appeal in a | | body of work. Using differences and change may result to increasing | | visual interest. | | | | 5\. **Movement** - It adds excitement to your work by showing action | | and directing the viewers- eye throughout the picture plane. | | | | 6**. Rhythm**- A regular repletion of elements can produce implied | | movement. Artists create visual rhythm by repeating art elements and | | creating patterns. | | | | 7\. **Proportion or Scale** - The comparative relationship of one | | part to another with regards to size. It is also the relationships | | of the size of objects in a body of work. | | | | 8\. **Unity** - It can be accomplished by using all elements and | | some principles to create a pleasing image. | | | | 9**. Contrast**- Contrast can provide interest and excitement in an | | artwork or to any visual experience. Two things that are very | | different create a lot of contrast (complementary colors, for | | example) | | | | **ARTISTIC CRITICISM** | | | | An art criticism is an evaluation of a work of art. It is considered | | as formal analysis or work of art.It is a tool to fully understand an | | artwork that would lead to a better art appreciation. A quick | | reference to help understands, appreciate and analyze art is to | | follow the following steps: Describe, Analyze, Interpretation, | | Judgement | | | | 1\. **Describe** - Say something about the details of the artwork | | and the artist. Answering these questions would lead to a better | | description and background of the artwork. | | | | - What is the name of the artist who created the artwork? | | | | -. What kind of artwork is it, what medium is it? | | | | -. What is the name of the artwork? | | | | - When was the artwork created? | | | | - Name some other major events in history that occurred at the same | | time this artwork was created. | | | | - List the literal objects in the painting (trees, people. animals, | | mountains, rivers, etc.) | | | | - What do you notice first when you look at the work(s)? Why? | | | | - What kinds of colors do you see? How would you describe them? | | | | - What shapes can we see? What kind of edges do the shapes have? | | | | - Are there lines in the work(s)? If so, what kinds of lines are | | they? | | | | - What sort of textures do you see? How would you describe them? | | | | - What time of day/night is it? How can we tell? | | | | - What is the overall visual effect or mood of the work(s)? | | | | 2**. Analyze** - Mentally separate the parts or elements, thinking in | | terms of textures, shape, colors, form, value or lights and shadows, | | lines and space. It is also an important thing to consider the most | | significant art principles that were used in the artwork. Describe | | how the artist used them to organize the elements. Follow and answer | | the questions to know how | | | | -. How has the artist used colors in the work(s)? | | | | - What sort of effect do the colors have on the artwork? | | | | - How has the artist used shapes within the work of art? | | | | - How have lines been used in the work(s)? Has the artist used them | | as an important or dominant part of the work, work(s)? Has the | | artist or do they play a different roll? | | | | - What role does texture play in the work(s)? Has the artist used | | the illusion of texture or has the artist used actual texture? | | How has texture been used within the work(s). | | | | - How has the artist used light in the work(s)? Is there the | | illusion of a scene with lights and shadows, or does the artist | | use light and dark values in a more abstract way? | | | | - How has the overall visual effect or mood of the work(s)? been | | achieved by the use of elements of art and principles of design. | | | | - How were the artists design tools used to achieve a particular | | look or focus? | | | | 3\. **Interpretation** - An interpretation seeks to explain the | | meaning of the work based on what you have learned so far about the | | artwork, what do you think the artist was trying to say? | | | | - What was the artist\'s statement in this work? | | | | - What do you think it means? | | | | - What does it mean to you? | | | | - How does this relate to you and your life? | | | | - What feelings do you have when looking at this artwork? | | | | - Do you think there are things in the artwork that represent other | | things/symbols? | | | | - Why do you think that the artist chose to work in this manner and | | made these kinds of artistic decisions? | | | | 4\. **Judgement**-After careful observation, analysis, and | | interpretation of an artwork, you are ready to make your own | | judgment. This is your personal evaluation based on the | | understandings of the work(s). Here are questions you might | | consider: | | | | - Why do you think this work has intrinsic value or worth? What is | | the valu you find in the work(s)? (For example, is it a beautiful | | work of art, does it convey an important social message, affects | | the way that I see the world, makes insightful connections, | | reaffirms a religious belief, etc.) | | | | - Do you think that the work(s) has a benefit for others? | | | | - Do you find that the work communicates an idea, feeling or | | principle that would have value for others? | | | | - Could the reason you find the work lacking come from a poor use | | of the elements of art? Explain. | | | | - Is the subject matter unappealing, unimaginative, or repulsive? | | How? | | | | - What kind of an effect do you think the work could have for | | others? | | | | - Rather than seeing the work as being very effective or without | | total value, does the work fall somewhere in between? Do you | | think that the work is just o.k.? What do you base this opinion | | on? The use of elements of art? Lack of personal expression? The | | work lacks a major focus? Explore your criticism of the work (s) | | as much as you would any positive perceptions. Realize that your | | own tastes and prejudices may enter into your criticism. Give | | your positive and negative perceptions. | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ [Assignment: ] **ENGAGE** **PICK-A-PAINTING ACTIVITY** Choose any painting that would best describe the following Color Scheme. Use color wheel to trace the legend of the colors used in the artwork. Paste the photo of the painting inside the box. +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | **COLOR SCHEME** | **PAINTING** | **COLOR WHEEL** | +=======================+=======================+=======================+ | **Example:** | | | | | | | | Split-Complementary | | | | | | | | Color Scheme | | | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | Complementary Color | | | | Scheme | | | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | Analogous Color | | | | Scheme | | | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | Triadic Color Scheme | | | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | Split-Complementary | | | | | | | | Color Scheme | | | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | Rectangle Color | | | | Scheme | | | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | Square Color Scheme | | | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ **Activity** **DESCRIBE A PAINTING ACTIVITY** Choose one painting. Describe the artwork using elements and principles of art. Identify the elements and principles of art present in the artwork. **Elements of Arts** **How will you describe the elements in the artworks?** **Principles of Art** **How will you describe the principles of art in the artwork?** ---------------------- --------------------------------------------------------- ----------------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------- +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | **SUMMARY** | +=======================================================================+ | **The elements of visual arts included line, shape, form, space, | | color, texture and value.** | | | | **1.line** | | | | **Kinds of line** | | | | **Vertical, horizontal, diagonal,curved lines, jagged lines** | | | | **2. shape** | | | | **Two categories of shape** | | | | **Geometric shape, organic shape,** | | | | **3. form** | | | | **4. Space** | | | | **5. color** | | | | **Properties of color** | | | | **Huer, Value, Intensity** | | | | **Classification of color** | | | | **Primary color, secondary color, intermediate color, tertiary color, | | awrm and cool colors** | | | | **Color harmony** | | | | **Color scheme** | | | | **6 formula in creating style and appeal** | | | | **Contemporary color scheme, Analogous color scheme, triadic color | | scheme, Split complementary color scheme, rectangle or tetradic color | | scheme, and square color scheme** | | | | **Psychology of colors** | | | | **Blak, Blue, brown, Green, orange, Pink, red, Violet, White and | | Yellow** | | | | 6. **Value** | | | | 7. **Texture** | | | | **Kinds of texture** | | | | **Actual texture, Implied texture** | | | | **Principle of art** | | | | | | | | 1. **Emphasis,** | | | | 2. **Balance** | | | | **Kinds of Balance Symmetrical Balance, Asymmetrical balance or | | informal balance, radical balance,** | | | | 3. **Harmony** | | | | 4. **Variety** | | | | 5. **Movement** | | | | 6. **Rhythm** | | | | 7. **Proportion or scale** | | | | 8. **Unity** | | | | 9. **Contrast** | | | | **Artistic Criticisms** | | | | | | | | 1. **Describe** | | | | 2. **Analyze** | | | | 3. **Interpretation** | | | | 4. **Judgement** | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ **Assessment Rubric for Essay** +-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+ | ***Criteria | | | | | | *** | | | | | +=============+=============+=============+=============+=============+ | **Areas of | **4** | **3** | **2** | **1** | | Assessment* | | | | | | * | **(Far | **(Exceeds | **(Meets | **(Below | | | exceeds | standard)** | Standard)** | Standard)** | | | Standard)** | | | | +-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+ | **Ideas/** | | | Statement | | | | | | demonstrate | | | **Content** | | | superficial | | | | | | thoughts | | | | | | and | | | | | | presents | | | | | | ideas | | | | | | | | | | | | in an | | | | | | acceptable | | | | | | manner | | +-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+ | **Developme | | | | | | nt** | | | | | +-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+ | **Organizat | | | | | | ion** | | | | | +-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+ | **Sentence | | | | | | Structure** | | | | | +-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+ | **Mechanics | Few (if | | | | | ** | any) error | | | | | | | | | | | **(grammar, | | | | | | , spelling, | | | | | | etc.)** | | | | | +-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+