Axillary Artery and Vein Anatomy (PDF)

# Axillary Artery **Axillary Artery (الشريان الإبطي)** - **Main Function:** Continuation of the subclavian artery (استمرار الشريان تحت الترقوة) - Provides the main blood supply to the upper limb (يوفر الإمداد الرئيسي بالدم للطرف العلوي) - **Origin:** Begins at the outer border of the first rib (يب...

# Axillary Artery **Axillary Artery (الشريان الإبطي)** - **Main Function:** Continuation of the subclavian artery (استمرار الشريان تحت الترقوة) - Provides the main blood supply to the upper limb (يوفر الإمداد الرئيسي بالدم للطرف العلوي) - **Origin:** Begins at the outer border of the first rib (يبدأ عند الحدود الخارجية للضلع الأول) - **Division:** Divided into three parts by the pectoralis minor muscle (مقسم إلى ثلاثة أجزاء بواسطة العضلة الصدرية الصغرى) ## First Part (Proximal to Pectoralis Minor) (الجزء الأول قريب من العضلة الصدرية الصغرى)) - Supplies the superior thoracic artery (يوفر الشريان الصدري العلوي) - Superior thoracic artery supplies the first and second intercostal spaces (الشريان الصدري العلوي يغذي المسافات الوربية الأولى والثانية) ## Second Part (Posterior to pectoralis minor) (الجزء الثاني خلف العضلة الصدرية الصغرى) - Supplies thoracoacromial artery (يزود الشريان الصدري الأخرمي) - Which branches into the (acromial, deltoid, pectoral, and clavicular branches) (الذي يتفرع إلى الفروع الأخرمية، الدالية الصدرية، والترقوية) - Lateral thoracic artery (supplies the lateral chest wall) (والشريان الصدري الجانبي يزود جدار الصدر الجانبي) ## Third Part (Distal to pectoralis minor) (الجزء الثالث بعيد عن العضلة الصدرية الصغرى) - Supplies subscapular artery (يزود الشريان تحت الكتف) - Which branches into circumflex scapular artery and thoracodorsal artery (الذي يتفرع إلى الشريان المحيط بالكتف والشريان الصدري الظهري) - And anterior and posterior circumflex humeral arteries (which supply the shoulder and upper arm) (والشرايين العضدية المحيطية الأمامية والخلفية التي تزود الكتف والذراع العلوي) **Question: Why is the arm rarely rendered completely ischemic?** - Because there are anastomatic connections between branches of the subclavian artery and the axillary artery. - These connections form a network around the scapula and proximal end of the humerus. - This network ensures that even if one artery is damaged, collateral blood flow is maintained to the upper limb. - Especially in cases of first-rib fractures, preventing ischemia in vital areas like the shoulder and upper arm. # Gaps in the Posterior wall: - These are anatomical spaces in the Posterior wall of the Axilla - Allowing passage of Important neurovascular Structures between The Axilla, Shoulder and arm. ## Quadrangular space - - **Boundaries:** - Superior: Inferior margin of the subscapularis muscle - Inferior: Superior margin of the teres major muscle - Medial & lateral margin of the long head of the triceps brachii muscle - Lateral: Surgical neck of the Humerus - **Structures that Pass through: Quardrangular space:** - The Axillary nerve - The Posterior Circumflex humeral artery and vein. ## Tringular Interval - **Boundries** - Superior & Infrior margin of the terse major muscle - Medial: lateral mardin of the long head of the Triceps brachii muscle - Lateral: shaft of the humerus - **Structures Passing through:** - Radial nerve - Profunda brachii artery # Axillary Vein - The axillary vein is a large vein in the upper limb that drains blood from the arm, shoulder, chest wall - **Origin:** - Begins at the lower margin of the teres major muscle - Continuation of the basilic vein - Becomes the subclavian vein when it crosses the lateral border of the first rib. - **Tributaries:** It receives tributaries corresponding to branches of the Axillary artery - Examples: - Cephilc vein - Brachial veins ## The basilic vein - Is a superficial vein of the upper limb that drains blood from the Posteromedial surface of the hand and forearm - **The Cephalic rein** is a superficial vein of the upper limb that drains the lateral and Posterior Parts of the hand, the forearm and the arm # Axillary Lymph Nodes - The Axillary Xmph nodes are a group of lymph nodes located in the Axilla (Armpit") that drains lymph from the upper limb - Chest wall, and breasts ## Principal Groups - - **1 Pectoral (Anterior) Nodes** - lie along the medial wall of the Axilla - Alond the Inferior border of the Pectoralis minor muscle - **Function:** Drain lymph from the Anterior chest wall and breast - **2. Subscapular (Posterior) Nodes** - Lie along the Posterior axillary fold - Alond the Subscapular vesseles - **Function:** Drain lymph from the Posterior chest wall and scapular region. - **3. Humeral (Lateral) Nodes** - along the lateral wall of the Axilla Near the Axillary vein - **Function:** Drain lymph from the upper limb excluding the superficial lymphatic - **4. Central Nodes:** - Situated deep to the Pectoralis minor - Embedded in the fat of the Axilla near the base - **Function:** Receive lymph from the Pectoral, subscapular and humeral nodes - **5. Apical Nodes** - In the apex of the axilla near the first rib - **Function:** Receive lymph from the Central nodes and drain into the subclavian lymphatic trunk