Philippines Mk220 Electro-Optical Designator System Lesson TACCO PDF

FOR TRAINING USE ONLY Philippines Mk220 Electro-Optical Designator System Lesson TACCO Student Notes © Copyright 2018 Leonardo MW Ltd This document contains information that is confidential an...

FOR TRAINING USE ONLY Philippines Mk220 Electro-Optical Designator System Lesson TACCO Student Notes © Copyright 2018 Leonardo MW Ltd This document contains information that is confidential and proprietary to Leonardo MW Ltd (‘the Company’) and is supplied on the express condition that it may not be disclosed to any third party, or reproduced in whole or in part, or used for manufacture, or used for any purpose other than for which it is supplied, without the prior written consent of the Company. Every permitted disclosure, reproduction, adaptation or publication of this document in whole or in part and in any manner or form shall prominently contain this notice. DOCUMENT NO: PJT-470494 ISSUE: 1.0 ISSUE DATE: 3rd September 2018 FOR TRAINING USE ONLY  FOR TRAINING USE ONLY INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK FOR TRAINING USE ONLY  FOR TRAINING USE ONLY Philippines Mk220 Electro-Optical Designator System Lesson TACCO Issue Record The latest issue number shown below wholly defines the standard of this document. Changes to this document will be made by re-issue of the document in its entirety or by amendment list action that will raise the issue. ISSUE DATE REMARKS 1.0 03/09/2018 PJT-470494 03/09/2018 Issue v 1.0 Page i Use and disclosure of this document is controlled; see Title/Cover page. FOR TRAINING USE ONLY  FOR TRAINING USE ONLY Philippines Mk220 Electro-Optical Designator System Lesson TACCO INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK PJT-470494 03/09/2018 Issue v 1.0 Page ii Use and disclosure of this document is controlled; see Title/Cover page. FOR TRAINING USE ONLY  FOR TRAINING USE ONLY Philippines Mk220 Electro-Optical Designator System Lesson TACCO Table of Contents 1 Introduction and Overview..........................................................................................................1 1.1 Electro-Optical Designator System Introduction and Overview.................................................1 1.1.1 Introduction to the Electro-Optical Designator System..............................................................1 1.1.2 Electromagnetic Spectrum.........................................................................................................2 1.1.3 System Integration.....................................................................................................................4 2 Components...............................................................................................................................5 2.1 Electro-Optical Designator System Components.......................................................................5 2.1.1 MX15Di Turret............................................................................................................................5 2.1.2 Safety Information......................................................................................................................6 2.1.3 Turret Assembly.........................................................................................................................7 2.1.4 Turret Base.................................................................................................................................8 2.1.5 Turret Yoke.................................................................................................................................9 2.1.6 Turret Azimuth and Elevation Stops.........................................................................................11 2.1.7 Turret Gimbal............................................................................................................................12 2.1.8 Turret Optical Bench................................................................................................................13 2.1.9 Electro-Optical Wide Sensor....................................................................................................14 2.1.10 Electro-Optical Narrow Sensor.................................................................................................16 2.1.11 Infrared Sensor.........................................................................................................................18 2.1.12 Switchable Wavelength Laser Subsystem...............................................................................20 2.1.13 System Components Review...................................................................................................21 3 Controls and Indications...........................................................................................................22 3.1 Electro-Optical Designator System Controls and Indicators....................................................22 3.1.1 EODS On/Off Switch................................................................................................................22 3.1.2 Hand Controller........................................................................................................................23 3.1.3 SWLS Laser Select Switch.......................................................................................................24 3.1.4 Laser Firing Indicator................................................................................................................25 3.1.5 EO Display................................................................................................................................26 3.1.6 Display Components................................................................................................................27 4 Operation..................................................................................................................................28 4.1 Electro-Optical Designator System Operation.........................................................................28 4.1.1 Manual Steer Mode..................................................................................................................28 4.1.2 Steering Modes........................................................................................................................29 4.1.3 Manual Aid................................................................................................................................30 4.1.4 Auto Mode................................................................................................................................31 4.1.5 Auto Aid....................................................................................................................................32 4.1.6 Cage Mode...............................................................................................................................33 4.1.7 Safety Information....................................................................................................................34 4.1.8 Laser Display............................................................................................................................35 4.1.9 Switchable Wavelength Laser Subsystem Interlocks..............................................................36 4.1.10 Laser Range Finder..................................................................................................................37 4.1.11 Laser Designator......................................................................................................................38 4.1.12 Battle Override Function...........................................................................................................40 5 Maintenance Procedures.........................................................................................................41 5.1 Maintenance of the Electro-Optical Designator System..........................................................41 5.1.1 Built-In Test Facility..................................................................................................................41 5.1.2 System Alerting........................................................................................................................42 5.1.3 Fault Log...................................................................................................................................43 Annexes Annex A - EODS Controller Switches............................................................................................................ A1 PJT-470494 03/09/2018 Issue v 1.0 Page iii Use and disclosure of this document is controlled; see Title/Cover page. FOR TRAINING USE ONLY  FOR TRAINING USE ONLY Philippines Mk220 Electro-Optical Designator System Lesson TACCO INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK PJT-470494 03/09/2018 Issue v 1.0 Page iv Use and disclosure of this document is controlled; see Title/Cover page. FOR TRAINING USE ONLY  FOR TRAINING USE ONLY Philippines Mk220 Electro-Optical Designator System Lesson TACCO 1 Introduction and Overview 1.1 Electro-Optical Designator System Introduction and Overview 1.1.1 Introduction to the Electro-Optical Designator System The MX15Di is an Electro-Optical Designator System (EODS) that is utilised for tactical surveillance and laser designation from a moving platform. The system utilises a sensor turret mounted upright on the nose of the aircraft. This gives the operator the capability to search, detect, recognise and identify targets. The EODS greatly enhances the situational awareness of the crew. PJT-470494 03/09/2018 Issue v 1.0 Page 1 Use and disclosure of this document is controlled; see Title/Cover page. FOR TRAINING USE ONLY  FOR TRAINING USE ONLY Philippines Mk220 Electro-Optical Designator System Lesson TACCO 1.1.2 Electromagnetic Spectrum PJT-470494 03/09/2018 Issue v 1.0 Page 2 Use and disclosure of this document is controlled; see Title/Cover page. FOR TRAINING USE ONLY  FOR TRAINING USE ONLY Philippines Mk220 Electro-Optical Designator System Lesson TACCO The turret Electro-Optical Wide (EOW) and Electro-Optical Narrow (EON) sensors operate in the visible light spectrum which can be seen by the human eye. The EOW sensor also has a sensor that can show Near Infrared (NIR). When this sensor is selected the display will change to a black and white image that will show the energy at the fringes of the visible light spectrum (particularly useful in low light conditions and at dusk/dawn). The diagrams illustrate where NIR fits in the electromagnetic spectrum. The second diagram highlights the advantage that the MX15Di system has over older systems. By operating in the 3- 5 µm band a clearer picture is possible, due to absorption and radiation curves. PJT-470494 03/09/2018 Issue v 1.0 Page 3 Use and disclosure of this document is controlled; see Title/Cover page. FOR TRAINING USE ONLY  FOR TRAINING USE ONLY Philippines Mk220 Electro-Optical Designator System Lesson TACCO 1.1.3 System Integration The turret is controlled remotely by using a hand controller mounted in the cockpit and the Tactical Processor (TP) via various on-screen options. The Switchable Wavelength Laser Subsystem (SWLS) power is controlled via the Master Armament Safety Switch (MASS) and laser select/arm switch. It is fired using the hand controller trigger. The EODS is a remote terminal of the mission databus and as such is under the control of the TP. The system is also fed navigation inputs from the Integrated GPS Inertial Navigation System (IGI). Imagery from the turret sensors is fed to the aircraft cockpit display system and displayed on the Integrated Display Units (IDU). The facility exists to show a "picture in picture" option which can display a small frame of the same image but utilising a different sensor. An example of this would be a tank in a field shown on the display using one of the daylight cameras. A small frame of the same image can be shown in the display using the thermal imaging sensor. PJT-470494 03/09/2018 Issue v 1.0 Page 4 Use and disclosure of this document is controlled; see Title/Cover page. FOR TRAINING USE ONLY  FOR TRAINING USE ONLY Philippines Mk220 Electro-Optical Designator System Lesson TACCO 2 Components 2.1 Electro-Optical Designator System Components 2.1.1 MX15Di Turret The turret is made up of an actively stabilised turret assembly that houses the following sensors:  Infrared (IR) sensor  EOW sensor (colour TV camera)  EON sensor (black and white spotter camera)  SWLS. PJT-470494 03/09/2018 Issue v 1.0 Page 5 Use and disclosure of this document is controlled; see Title/Cover page. FOR TRAINING USE ONLY  FOR TRAINING USE ONLY Philippines Mk220 Electro-Optical Designator System Lesson TACCO 2.1.2 Safety Information  The EODS incorporates a heat exchanger. This heat exchanger produces noise levels above 85 dB which could cause hearing loss or damage. Hearing protection should be used when working within 10 ft of the EODS.  The turret is remotely controlled and can move fast. During operation of the turret personnel are to keep clear. If you ignore this warning possible injury to personnel can occur.  When operating the turret personnel are to keep clear. The turret produces a non-eye safe and invisible laser beam. If you ignore this warning it can cause serious eye damage and/or skin damage.  Make sure that all the pressure gauges on the air or nitrogen supply units are serviceable. Read the label on the pressure gauges and make sure that the test date is satisfactory. Too much pressure in the accumulators can cause an explosion. If you ignore this warning you could cause death or injury to personnel. PJT-470494 03/09/2018 Issue v 1.0 Page 6 Use and disclosure of this document is controlled; see Title/Cover page. FOR TRAINING USE ONLY  FOR TRAINING USE ONLY Philippines Mk220 Electro-Optical Designator System Lesson TACCO 2.1.3 Turret Assembly The turret system has three main structural components:  Base - a housing for the electronics and the interface between the aircraft and the turret assembly.  Yoke - an external steerable frame that mates the base to the gimbal, drive motors rotate the yoke in azimuth and the gimbal in elevation.  Gimbal - the external dome that steers and stabilises the sensor platform, measures the Line of Sight (LOS) and contains and protects the sensors. A boresight module can also be fitted to the turret on the ground and is used to align the laser subsystem. All sensors are mounted on an optical bench which provides active stabilisation. This whole assembly is called the payload. PJT-470494 03/09/2018 Issue v 1.0 Page 7 Use and disclosure of this document is controlled; see Title/Cover page. FOR TRAINING USE ONLY  FOR TRAINING USE ONLY Philippines Mk220 Electro-Optical Designator System Lesson TACCO 2.1.4 Turret Base The base contains the following components:  Major electronics that control turret and sensors  Mounting holes and alignment pins  Power, video, signal and boresight connections  Boresight module mounting interface. PJT-470494 03/09/2018 Issue v 1.0 Page 8 Use and disclosure of this document is controlled; see Title/Cover page. FOR TRAINING USE ONLY  FOR TRAINING USE ONLY Philippines Mk220 Electro-Optical Designator System Lesson TACCO 2.1.5 Turret Yoke PJT-470494 03/09/2018 Issue v 1.0 Page 9 Use and disclosure of this document is controlled; see Title/Cover page. FOR TRAINING USE ONLY  FOR TRAINING USE ONLY Philippines Mk220 Electro-Optical Designator System Lesson TACCO The turret yoke is an outer steerable platform that has the gimbal mounted between its arms. The yoke contains the electromechanical drives and gears that drive the yoke in azimuth and the gimbal in elevation. Coarse vibration attenuation for the gimbal is provided by a spring array in the yoke assembly. This allows the active stabilisation system in the gimbal to make fine adjustments. Turret humidity indicator - when the top levels of the quadrant show lavender (pink) the turret must be purged. Desiccant assembly with integral humidity indicator - the desiccant assembly must be replaced when the top two quadrants show lavender (pink). PJT-470494 03/09/2018 Issue v 1.0 Page 10 Use and disclosure of this document is controlled; see Title/Cover page. FOR TRAINING USE ONLY  FOR TRAINING USE ONLY Philippines Mk220 Electro-Optical Designator System Lesson TACCO 2.1.6 Turret Azimuth and Elevation Stops As an added safeguard against inadvertent laser emission in the direction of the aircraft a series of stops are incorporated into the design, these consist of an array of software, electrical and mechanical stops. The hard stops are utilised to prevent the inertial load from travelling further beyond the point that the limit switch cuts power to the motors. This added safeguard prevents the turret from entering the designated cutout zones due to inertial force. Software stops are utilised to gently slow the turret down before physical contact with the limit switches or hard stops. The full azimuth viewing range is approximately ±140° from the forward position and the full elevation viewing range is approximately ±90° from the forward position. Stop/Switch Azimuth Elevation Look Up Elevation Look Down Soft Stop ±137.5° ±90° ±90° (Green area) Limit Switch ±139.5° 95° (±1.5°) 96° (±1.5°) (Yellow area) Hard Stop ±141.5° ±96° 100° (±1.5°) (Red area) PJT-470494 03/09/2018 Issue v 1.0 Page 11 Use and disclosure of this document is controlled; see Title/Cover page. FOR TRAINING USE ONLY  FOR TRAINING USE ONLY Philippines Mk220 Electro-Optical Designator System Lesson TACCO 2.1.7 Turret Gimbal The gimbal assembly is the outer dome that electromechanically steers and stabilises the internal sensors. The main functions of the gimbal assembly are:  Stabilise the sensors  Environmental protection for the sensor payload  IR video processing  Measure optical bench LOS. PJT-470494 03/09/2018 Issue v 1.0 Page 12 Use and disclosure of this document is controlled; see Title/Cover page. FOR TRAINING USE ONLY  FOR TRAINING USE ONLY Philippines Mk220 Electro-Optical Designator System Lesson TACCO 2.1.8 Turret Optical Bench All of the sensors within the gimbal assembly are mounted to a common structure known as the optical bench. When the aircraft is in the air and the turret is moving, the optical bench is actively stabilised to eliminate unwanted sensor movement which affects image quality. This is achieved by utilising a feedback loop which detects movement and applies a counter movement to hold turret position steady An Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU) is mounted on the optical bench and contains a fibre-optic gyro to measure angular movement. An array of torque motors supply counter movement to the optical bench in response to a drive signal from the control system. PJT-470494 03/09/2018 Issue v 1.0 Page 13 Use and disclosure of this document is controlled; see Title/Cover page. FOR TRAINING USE ONLY  FOR TRAINING USE ONLY Philippines Mk220 Electro-Optical Designator System Lesson TACCO 2.1.9 Electro-Optical Wide Sensor The EOW sensor is a daylight imaging camera that outputs colour video. The variable focal length of this lens provides the widest views for general observation and scene investigation. An operator can use this sensor to primarily:  Orientate turret steering  Examine a scene  Select a subject. When using the EOW sensor the operator has the option to control the following imaging parameters:  Sensitivity  Filters  Built-In Test (BIT) initialisation. The EOW sensor has a continuous zoom capability that can be enhanced with a x2 electronic zoom facility. The sensitivity controls the amount of light that is exposed to the camera and functions in a similar way to the brightness control of a TV. Operators can use either an auto or a manual mode. When in auto the system will automatically control image brightness to maintain image quality over a range of light levels. In manual mode the operator can make manual changes to the brightness by making incremental adjustments to the sensitivity control. PJT-470494 03/09/2018 Issue v 1.0 Page 14 Use and disclosure of this document is controlled; see Title/Cover page. FOR TRAINING USE ONLY  FOR TRAINING USE ONLY Philippines Mk220 Electro-Optical Designator System Lesson TACCO The EOW sensor also contains two filters which are used to vary the wavelength of light that enters the sensor. It can be used to enable the operator to view objects that are near to IR range. There are two filter positions:  COL - allows light in visible spectrum only  NIR - allows visible light plus NIR range. To provide higher sensitivity and should only be used in lowlight conditions. When the NIR filter is selected the displayed video will be black and white. PJT-470494 03/09/2018 Issue v 1.0 Page 15 Use and disclosure of this document is controlled; see Title/Cover page. FOR TRAINING USE ONLY  FOR TRAINING USE ONLY Philippines Mk220 Electro-Optical Designator System Lesson TACCO 2.1.10 Electro-Optical Narrow Sensor The EON sensor is often referred to as the daylight spotter camera and is a daylight imaging camera that outputs black and white video. This sensor operates solely in the visible light spectrum. The fixed focal length provides the highest magnification and allows the operator the ability to carry out a detailed investigation of a subject within an area of interest. An example of this is the examination of an individual in a crowd that has been identified using the EOW sensor. When using the EON sensor the operator has the option to control the following parameters:  Sensitivity  Level  Scene setup  Initiate BIT. For sensitivity operators can use either an auto or a manual mode. When in auto the system will automatically control image brightness to maintain image quality over a range of light levels. In manual mode the operator can make manual changes to the brightness by making incremental adjustments to the sensitivity control. It can be used to increase the detail for objects in dark shadows. The scene setup adjustment allows the whole video image contrast to be optimised on three settings. PJT-470494 03/09/2018 Issue v 1.0 Page 16 Use and disclosure of this document is controlled; see Title/Cover page. FOR TRAINING USE ONLY  FOR TRAINING USE ONLY Philippines Mk220 Electro-Optical Designator System Lesson TACCO These settings are:  Default - general setting for most light conditions  Low - low contrast setting e.g. a grey boat in rough sea conditions  High - a high contrast setting e.g. a dark plane in scattered clouds. PJT-470494 03/09/2018 Issue v 1.0 Page 17 Use and disclosure of this document is controlled; see Title/Cover page. FOR TRAINING USE ONLY  FOR TRAINING USE ONLY Philippines Mk220 Electro-Optical Designator System Lesson TACCO 2.1.11 Infrared Sensor The IR sensor is a thermographic imaging camera that produces a black and white video image. The sensor is sensitive to IR energy in the mid IR range of 3.4-5.2 µm. Because the sensor uses IR energy it can be used in day or night conditions. The operator can use this sensor to:  View subjects in daylight  View subjects at night or in low light conditions  Track thermal signatures. The operator would use this sensor to locate an area of interest at night or to locate a casualty in the sea, as thermal energy would be more distinct than daylight colour imagery. The IR camera contains a focal plane array which acts like a film in a camera, converting the IR energy into an image visible to the eye. The focal plane array is made up of a number of photodiodes that convert the IR energy into electrical signals that are measured and converted to a black and white image. The focal plane array is vacuum sealed and cooled to -196.15 °C which can take between four and 10 minutes to achieve. This allows the focal plane array to produce an image of greater definition as it is a lot cooler than the subject that is being viewed. The focal plane array needs periodically recalibrating, especially when viewing scenes with changes in temperature. PJT-470494 03/09/2018 Issue v 1.0 Page 18 Use and disclosure of this document is controlled; see Title/Cover page. FOR TRAINING USE ONLY  FOR TRAINING USE ONLY Philippines Mk220 Electro-Optical Designator System Lesson TACCO The operator has the option to control the following parameters through the menu keys:  Sensor calibration - uses a single thermal signature for a defocused scene to remove most common artifacts and optimises the exposure time  Sensitivity - controls the amount of thermal exposure to the focal plane array  Offset - sets the temperature offset value for the image  Scene setup - controls thermal exposure of the entire image and optimises contrast  Polarity - inverts image polarity and sets tone priority for hot and cold objects  Filtering - both temporal (reduces picture noise) and spatial (beam focusing)  Initiate BIT  Electronic zoom - zoom into an object. PJT-470494 03/09/2018 Issue v 1.0 Page 19 Use and disclosure of this document is controlled; see Title/Cover page. FOR TRAINING USE ONLY  FOR TRAINING USE ONLY Philippines Mk220 Electro-Optical Designator System Lesson TACCO 2.1.12 Switchable Wavelength Laser Subsystem The SWLS is a class 4 laser that emits a beam in the invisible IR spectrum. Laser classification is based on many parameters of individual equipments and a class 4 laser poses the most severe risk to the eyes and skin. A class 4 laser also poses a significant fuel vapour ignition hazard. The operator could use the SWLS for the following tasks:  Designate ground targets for laser guided weapons  Measure terrain elevation in flight  Update a target's estimated LOS position data with laser measured position data. Operators have the capability to control the following:  Initiate a laser boresighting - only on the ground with the boresight module fitted  Select first or last pulse read  Set the minimum range gate  Define and select the Pulse Repetition Frequency (PRF) codes  Review the SWLS alarms  Initiate a BIT test. PJT-470494 03/09/2018 Issue v 1.0 Page 20 Use and disclosure of this document is controlled; see Title/Cover page. FOR TRAINING USE ONLY  FOR TRAINING USE ONLY Philippines Mk220 Electro-Optical Designator System Lesson TACCO 2.1.13 System Components Review The EODS consists of the following components:  Turret assembly  Hand controller  Laser control panel. PJT-470494 03/09/2018 Issue v 1.0 Page 21 Use and disclosure of this document is controlled; see Title/Cover page. FOR TRAINING USE ONLY  FOR TRAINING USE ONLY Philippines Mk220 Electro-Optical Designator System Lesson TACCO 3 Controls and Indications 3.1 Electro-Optical Designator System Controls and Indicators 3.1.1 EODS On/Off Switch The EODS ON/OFF switch is located on the lower left side of the overhead console. It allows the 28 Vdc to be routed to both the turret and hand controller. PJT-470494 03/09/2018 Issue v 1.0 Page 22 Use and disclosure of this document is controlled; see Title/Cover page. FOR TRAINING USE ONLY  FOR TRAINING USE ONLY Philippines Mk220 Electro-Optical Designator System Lesson TACCO 3.1.2 Hand Controller The hand controller is mounted on the left side of the co-pilot's instrument panel on a movable boom. This allows the hand controller to be moved to a stowage position when the Electro- Optical (EO) system is not being used. The operator can utilise the hand controller to perform the following tasks:  Manually steer the turret  Control system sensors  Change mode settings  Fire the SWLS. Full controller functionality can be found in annex A. PJT-470494 03/09/2018 Issue v 1.0 Page 23 Use and disclosure of this document is controlled; see Title/Cover page. FOR TRAINING USE ONLY  FOR TRAINING USE ONLY Philippines Mk220 Electro-Optical Designator System Lesson TACCO 3.1.3 SWLS Laser Select Switch The laser select/arm switch is mounted on the port (co-pilot) side of the main instrument panel and is a gated switch that allows the user to select the laser frequency for the SWLS. Selections are ELRF (Embedded Laser Range Finder), OFF and LTD (Laser Target Designator). The OFF position is central, with the ELRF selection on the left and the LTD selection on the right. A dual action (pull and turn) is required to select the LTD. PJT-470494 03/09/2018 Issue v 1.0 Page 24 Use and disclosure of this document is controlled; see Title/Cover page. FOR TRAINING USE ONLY  FOR TRAINING USE ONLY Philippines Mk220 Electro-Optical Designator System Lesson TACCO 3.1.4 Laser Firing Indicator A laser armed/firing indicator is located on the right side of the instrument panel. This will illuminate when the laser is fired in either mode of operation. It will also illuminate when it is armed. The indicator displays "ARMED" on the bottom line and "FIRING" on the top line. The words are standard night vision yellow in colour. PJT-470494 03/09/2018 Issue v 1.0 Page 25 Use and disclosure of this document is controlled; see Title/Cover page. FOR TRAINING USE ONLY  FOR TRAINING USE ONLY Philippines Mk220 Electro-Optical Designator System Lesson TACCO 3.1.5 EO Display The video output from the EODS can be shown on any display that is capable of showing a mission display. It can be selected by pressing the EO hard key on the top of the IDU. Raw video is fed to the TP where it is layered with the graphic overlays and fed to the IDU via a fibre-optic link. The video from each sensor can be displayed on the IDU, and the operator has the ability to switch between each one. The facility also exists to show a picture in picture display using the Picture In Picture (PIP) bezel key. A smaller window is displayed within the main video display. This will allow switching between the EOW and IR display and will be the opposite to the video displayed in the main view. For example, if the EOW is shown as the main view the IR view will be shown in the smaller window. These views can be switched. Note: On the display, the IR image is labelled as TI (Thermal Image). Individual displays are covered in the operation section of this manual. PJT-470494 03/09/2018 Issue v 1.0 Page 26 Use and disclosure of this document is controlled; see Title/Cover page. FOR TRAINING USE ONLY  FOR TRAINING USE ONLY Philippines Mk220 Electro-Optical Designator System Lesson TACCO 3.1.6 Display Components The EODS video complete with the graphical overlay allows the operator control of various modes of the system. It also allows settings to be changed during the sortie. This is achieved by both bezel keys and drop-down menus. The top section of the screen shows aircraft parametric data on the left side and target data on the right side. Target location data is calculated by taking the following data:  Terrain elevation  Aircraft lat/long position  Aircraft altitude  Aircraft orientation  Turret LOS angles. The system calculates the target lat/long and slant range. This can be updated when the laser range finder is fired. There are also displays to show turret movement in azimuth and elevation and focus of the selected sensor. PJT-470494 03/09/2018 Issue v 1.0 Page 27 Use and disclosure of this document is controlled; see Title/Cover page. FOR TRAINING USE ONLY  FOR TRAINING USE ONLY Philippines Mk220 Electro-Optical Designator System Lesson TACCO 4 Operation 4.1 Electro-Optical Designator System Operation 4.1.1 Manual Steer Mode Pressing manual on the hand controller places the system in manual steer mode. When the system is in the manual steering mode the turret will respond to manual inputs from the slew transducer on the operator's hand controller. Using the manual slew transducer enables manual movement in azimuth and elevation. The turret assembly moves at a rate proportionate to the operator's pressure on the transducer. As the turret is inertially stabilised it will stay pointing at a position, irrespective of aircraft attitude. PJT-470494 03/09/2018 Issue v 1.0 Page 28 Use and disclosure of this document is controlled; see Title/Cover page. FOR TRAINING USE ONLY  FOR TRAINING USE ONLY Philippines Mk220 Electro-Optical Designator System Lesson TACCO 4.1.2 Steering Modes The mode of operation is enabled by pressing the auto/manual push button on the hand controller. This toggles the mode between manual and auto. When the system is in the manual steering mode the turret will respond to manual inputs from the slew transducer on the operator's hand controller. When auto is selected the turret will point at a stationary target or point on the ground. The operator can then remove his thumb from the slew transducer and the turret will remain pointing at the target. The turret will remain fixed to this point irrespective of aircraft movement. The operator can then move the turret to a new point using the slew transducer. PJT-470494 03/09/2018 Issue v 1.0 Page 29 Use and disclosure of this document is controlled; see Title/Cover page. FOR TRAINING USE ONLY  FOR TRAINING USE ONLY Philippines Mk220 Electro-Optical Designator System Lesson TACCO 4.1.3 Manual Aid When in the manual steer mode the operator can press the aid button to assist with steering. In this mode the turret will continue to move in the same direction and speed when the pressure is removed from the slew transducer. This is particularly useful when manually tracking a moving target. The system interprets inputs from the slew transducer as a fixed signal to point the turret in. When the aid button is pressed this signal is maintained so that the turret will keep on pointing in a particular direction therefore keeping a target in view. Small adjustments in the rate can be made by momentarily applying pressure to the slew transducer to adjust the rate and direction. PJT-470494 03/09/2018 Issue v 1.0 Page 30 Use and disclosure of this document is controlled; see Title/Cover page. FOR TRAINING USE ONLY  FOR TRAINING USE ONLY Philippines Mk220 Electro-Optical Designator System Lesson TACCO 4.1.4 Auto Mode The auto mode of operation is enabled by pressing the auto/manual push button. This toggles the mode between manual and auto. When auto is selected the turret will point at a stationary target or point on the ground. In auto, operator input from slew transducer is partially disabled only allowing for minor adjustments. The operator can then remove his thumb from the slew transducer and the turret will remain pointing at the target. The turret will remain fixed to this point irrespective of aircraft movement. After reselecting manual the operator can then move the turret to a new point using the slew transducer. It is unable to track targets above the horizon as the turret is referenced to a point on the ground using inputs from the IGI. The system looks at a geographic point using this as a reference. PJT-470494 03/09/2018 Issue v 1.0 Page 31 Use and disclosure of this document is controlled; see Title/Cover page. FOR TRAINING USE ONLY  FOR TRAINING USE ONLY Philippines Mk220 Electro-Optical Designator System Lesson TACCO 4.1.5 Auto Aid Pressing the aid trigger when in auto puts the system in the auto aid mode. This supplements the auto mode by automatically integrating the course and speed of a moving target (as long as target's course and speed remains constant). This mode can be used to assist tracking a moving target on the ground. Using the slew transducer will adjust speed and direction to ensure that the target remains in view. Pressing the aid trigger again places the turret back into the manual mode. PJT-470494 03/09/2018 Issue v 1.0 Page 32 Use and disclosure of this document is controlled; see Title/Cover page. FOR TRAINING USE ONLY  FOR TRAINING USE ONLY Philippines Mk220 Electro-Optical Designator System Lesson TACCO 4.1.6 Cage Mode Pressing the cage switch forward in any mode places the turret in the cage mode. When the turret enters the cage mode it moves to the default position of 0° azimuth and -4° elevation. It also locks out any other selections on the IDU or hand controller. When in the cage mode firing of the laser is inhibited. Moving the cage switch to the rear disengages the cage mode and places the turret back into the manual steering mode. PJT-470494 03/09/2018 Issue v 1.0 Page 33 Use and disclosure of this document is controlled; see Title/Cover page. FOR TRAINING USE ONLY  FOR TRAINING USE ONLY Philippines Mk220 Electro-Optical Designator System Lesson TACCO 4.1.7 Safety Information  The SWLS, contained in the turret, is a non-eye safe and invisible class 4 laser. Failure to abide by the following warnings may result in serious eye damage (including blindness) and/or skin damage to ground personnel, flight crew or other individuals (including those in other aircraft).  Laser cutout zones are mapped and kept in an internal memory module in the turret. The map is aircraft installation specific. For any change to the aircraft’s physical exterior or installation parameters, the turret must be returned to the factory for a reload of new laser cutout zones. PJT-470494 03/09/2018 Issue v 1.0 Page 34 Use and disclosure of this document is controlled; see Title/Cover page. FOR TRAINING USE ONLY  FOR TRAINING USE ONLY Philippines Mk220 Electro-Optical Designator System Lesson TACCO 4.1.8 Laser Display When the laser is armed and selected the laser cutout zones (red areas) are active. This is a series of software and hardware stops designed to prevent inadvertent firing of the laser in an unsafe direction and injuring the crew. The proximity of the turret to these cutout zones are shown on the azimuth and elevation scales. The amber segments show the operator that the turret is approaching a cutout zone and the red segments when the turret is in a cutout zone. When the turret is in the cutout zone the laser is inhibited. When using the laser system E-ZOOM should not be used as the laser is only boresighted to the EOW, EON and TI camera optics only. PJT-470494 03/09/2018 Issue v 1.0 Page 35 Use and disclosure of this document is controlled; see Title/Cover page. FOR TRAINING USE ONLY  FOR TRAINING USE ONLY Philippines Mk220 Electro-Optical Designator System Lesson TACCO 4.1.9 Switchable Wavelength Laser Subsystem Interlocks There are a number of safety interlocks that must be operated before the operator can fire the laser subsystem. When the MASS is set to standby the laser will go through the warm-up and BIT process. The first interlock is the MASS. This must be set to live which will in turn supply power to the Laser Select Arm Switch (LSAS) on the instrument panel. The laser arm switch is a three-position switch that is used to select either the LTD or ELRF, the centre position being OFF. The final interlock is the trigger guard on the hand controller, this trigger guard must be raised to allow the operator to fire the laser using the trigger. The laser is defined as ARMED when all of the following conditions are true:  The MASS is set to LIVE  The LSAS is in either the LTD or the ELRF positions  The arm signal circuitry has passed its self-test. PJT-470494 03/09/2018 Issue v 1.0 Page 36 Use and disclosure of this document is controlled; see Title/Cover page. FOR TRAINING USE ONLY  FOR TRAINING USE ONLY Philippines Mk220 Electro-Optical Designator System Lesson TACCO 4.1.10 Laser Range Finder The laser range finder can be used by the operator to accurately measure the slant range between the aircraft and a target or a point on the ground. This can be used to update the target slant range information calculated by the turret and aircraft sensors. A target can be selected on the display when the laser is armed. The laser reticle will appear on the display when the laser is armed and will be different for the designator and the range finder, dependent on the selection. Once the laser is armed the final action of the operator is to raise the trigger guard and press the trigger. Pulling the trigger back to the first position fires the laser in BURST mode. When in BURST mode the laser fires three pulses at the selected PRF. Pressing the trigger to the second position fires the laser in the continuous mode. In this mode the laser continues to fire whilst the trigger is pressed. A pop-up window will appear on the EO display with an updated range and target elevation. When the laser is armed the laser advisory indicator on the right side of the instrument panel will show ARMED in yellow. FIRING is also indicated when the laser is fired. All other laser information is displayed on the EO display. PJT-470494 03/09/2018 Issue v 1.0 Page 37 Use and disclosure of this document is controlled; see Title/Cover page. FOR TRAINING USE ONLY  FOR TRAINING USE ONLY Philippines Mk220 Electro-Optical Designator System Lesson TACCO 4.1.11 Laser Designator The laser designator can be used to designate targets for weapons. It is armed and fired in the same ways as the range finder. A different reticle will appear on the display when the system is armed. This can be moved onto a target and the laser can be fired to illuminate the target for a weapon. Operation of the designator is identical to the range finder. The laser is armed and fired the same way, the only difference is the LSAS is set to LTD. When the trigger is pressed and the laser is fired the designator will fire three pulses if set to BURST at the correct wavelength and selected PRF. In continuous mode the laser will continue to fire until one of the following conditions occur:  MASS is moved from the live position  The LSAS is moved to the off position  Turret is moved to the CAGE position  Trigger is released  Trigger guard is lowered  Turret moves to a cutout zone  Turret is moved to STOW position. PJT-470494 03/09/2018 Issue v 1.0 Page 38 Use and disclosure of this document is controlled; see Title/Cover page. FOR TRAINING USE ONLY  FOR TRAINING USE ONLY Philippines Mk220 Electro-Optical Designator System Lesson TACCO A laser PRF code needs to be selected when designating a target. These are selected by pressing the CDE bezel key and selecting the required code. These codes are loaded into the laser module via the improved Mass Memory Module (iMMM) and are erased from the module when the EO system is shut down. PJT-470494 03/09/2018 Issue v 1.0 Page 39 Use and disclosure of this document is controlled; see Title/Cover page. FOR TRAINING USE ONLY  FOR TRAINING USE ONLY Philippines Mk220 Electro-Optical Designator System Lesson TACCO 4.1.12 Battle Override Function An automatic battle override function is provided to allow the crew to overcome certain conditions that would automatically shut down the laser functions. This may occur if the laser duty cycle has been exceeded which would give rise to an increase in the temperature of the laser. A warning will appear with a YES? or NO? option on the lower bezel keys on the IDU. The crew can override this condition via the YES? key selection which will force the laser to continue operating. This facility will only be utilised in certain situations as it can cause permanent damage to the laser subsystem. PJT-470494 03/09/2018 Issue v 1.0 Page 40 Use and disclosure of this document is controlled; see Title/Cover page. FOR TRAINING USE ONLY  FOR TRAINING USE ONLY Philippines Mk220 Electro-Optical Designator System Lesson TACCO 5 Maintenance Procedures 5.1 Maintenance of the Electro-Optical Designator System 5.1.1 Built-In Test Facility The operator can access the status page from the tote page tab at the bottom of the display. This will give an indication of the system status and allow the BIT to be carried out. By right clicking the EODS box and amplifying it the operator can initiate a BIT of the whole EODS. An EODS status window will appear giving a comprehensive breakdown of all the EODS components. From each component selection a further BIT of each component can be carried out. Selecting each subcomponent of the EODS will also give the operator the ability to test that particular component. If the system is serviceable then the box will remain green. A degradation of a particular component will turn the box outline amber. This indicates the system is degraded but still useable, albeit in a reduced role. Total failure of the system or components changes the outline colour to red. If a component fails, such as the thermal imager, that component will turn red on the status display but the system will show an amber outline as it is only degraded and other sensors remain at the operator’s disposal. PJT-470494 03/09/2018 Issue v 1.0 Page 41 Use and disclosure of this document is controlled; see Title/Cover page. FOR TRAINING USE ONLY  FOR TRAINING USE ONLY Philippines Mk220 Electro-Optical Designator System Lesson TACCO 5.1.2 System Alerting A system malfunction will be identified to the operator by means of the flashing alert indicator on the mission display tool bar. When this is selected using the CCD, the alert window is brought up onto the main display area. This window shows a table of system alerts in a tabulated format, the newest alert being displayed in yellow at the bottom of the list. The operator has the ability to acknowledge the alert or mask it by using the selections adjacent to it. If there is more than one alert shown on the window the whole page can be acknowledged at the bottom of the window. Once the alerts are acknowledged the alert indicator on the toolbar will cease flashing. NO BORE will be shown at the top of the display if the laser boresighting is invalid. It must only be carried out on the ground with the ground boresight module fitted. The boresight module aligns the laser wavelengths with the IR NFOV, IR VNFOV and the EON NFOV. Not carrying out the boresight procedure does not render the turret unserviceable. It does however mean that the accuracy of the SWLS may be out of tolerance. PJT-470494 03/09/2018 Issue v 1.0 Page 42 Use and disclosure of this document is controlled; see Title/Cover page. FOR TRAINING USE ONLY  FOR TRAINING USE ONLY Philippines Mk220 Electro-Optical Designator System Lesson TACCO 5.1.3 Fault Log Faults are stored in the faults log which can be accessed from the tabs at the base of the tote view. PJT-470494 03/09/2018 Issue v 1.0 Page 43 Use and disclosure of this document is controlled; see Title/Cover page. FOR TRAINING USE ONLY  FOR TRAINING USE ONLY Philippines Mk220 Electro-Optical Designator System Lesson TACCO INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK PJT-470494 03/09/2018 Issue v 1.0 Page 44 Use and disclosure of this document is controlled; see Title/Cover page. FOR TRAINING USE ONLY  FOR TRAINING USE ONLY AW159 Mk220 - Student Notes Electro-Optical Designator System Annex A – Electro-Optical Designator System Hand Controller Control Description AUTO/ Momentary push button to control Auto and Manual steering modes: MANUAL Switch Press down one time to enable an Auto (Geosteering mode). Press again to go back to Manual Steering mode Following Startup: While the turret is in stow, press down one time to enable Forward (Center) steering mode. This will cancel out any other steering mode. Press down again to enter manual steering mode. SLEW Transducer Joystick Subminiature force joystick to control turret movement: Press UP or DOWN to change the elevation position of the turret. Press LEFT or RIGHT to change the azimuth position of the turret. Auto/Manual Focus Event 2 Switch A 4-way switch to control these functions: 1- Set the Auto or Manual focus control mode Auto/Manual Focus: Press the button to the RIGHT to toggle between Manual Focus and Auto (GEO Focus). Note: Auto (Geo Focus) is the default state with Geo Focus Trim automatically engaged. 2- Manually adjust sensor focus in manual mode or adjust trim settings when in Geo Focus mode. Focus Increase/Decrease: Press the button UP or DOWN to manually adjust the focus when in Manual or Geo Focus mode. When you switch the FOV or the sensor, the trim setting for that FOV will automatically be saved. 3- Log a CFE Event 2 marker Press to engage an Event 2 (reported over RCS) PJT-470494 2018-09-04 Annex A1 Issue v1.0 (C) 2010 AGUSTAWESTLAND International Limited Use and disclosure of this document is controlled; see Title/Cover page. FOR TRAINING USE ONLY  FOR TRAINING USE ONLY AW159 Mk220 - Student Notes Electro-Optical Designator System FOV/ 4-way switch for controlling: OFFSET button 1-FOV adjustments EO Sensor FOV Controls in Manual Mode: Press UP on the button to increase the zoom of the selected sensor. When you come to the end of a sensors FOV range, release and press UP again to switch to the EON sensor. For example, when you come to the end of the EOW’s FOV range (NFOV), release the switch and press it again to go to the VNFOV of the EON sensor. Press the button DOWN to decrease the zoom of the selected sensor. To switch from the EON sensor to the EOW sensor, press DOWN on the switch to go to the VNFOV of the EON sensor. Continue holding the switch down to decrease zoom to the widest FOV of the EOW. Note: When in the ‘switched’ FOV mode, the EOW sensor will increment and decrement in stepped FOV intervals. IR Sensor FOV Controls in Manual Mode: Press UP on the switch to increment the stepped FOV of the IR sensor. Press DOWN on the switch to decrement the stepped FOV of the IR sensor. FOV Controls in the Coupled Mode: In this mode the IR VNFOV corresponds to the EON (VNFOV) In the Coupled mode, press UP on the button to increase the stepped zoom of the IR and EOW sensors at the same time. In the Coupled mode, press the button DOWN to decrease the stepped zoom of the IR and EOW sensors at the same time. Note: You must disable the Coupled mode to independently change the FOV of each sensor. 2-Adding and removing offsets to automated steering modes OFFSET Controls: Press the button to the RIGHT to add a primary or secondary offset to automated steering modes. Press the button to the LEFT to remove a primary or secondary offset from automated steering modes. Note: To invoke a secondary offset, a primary offset must be defined. EVENT 1 Momentary push-button to control Events: Press the button to initiate an Event 1 marker (reported over RCS) CAGE A toggle switch to control the CFE CAGE steering mode: Button Push the switch FORWARD (away from you) to enable a Cage Steering Mode with laser firing functions disabled. When in CAGE steering mode, pull the switch BACK (toward you) to disengage the CAGE mode and enable other steering modes with laser firing functions enabled. Note: The purpose of the CAGE Steering Mode is to disable laser firing while the turret LOS is locked to the aircraft orientation PJT-470494 2018-09-04 Annex A1 Issue v1.0 (C) 2010 AGUSTAWESTLAND International Limited Use and disclosure of this document is controlled; see Title/Cover page. FOR TRAINING USE ONLY  FOR TRAINING USE ONLY AW159 Mk220 - Student Notes Electro-Optical Designator System VIC Button Momentary push button to control VIC selection: Press the button to toggle Video In Control on the system between TI and TV. AVT TARGET CONTROL/ 4-way switch to control the following functions: IR Rotary Switch, PAUSE/ AVT Target Selection RESUME AVT Target Removal Pause and Resume Scan function Changing IR Polarity AID button A momentary toggle switch to select AID steering modes: Rate Aid (Manual) Steering Mode When operating in a Rate steering mode, pull the switch toward you to enable a Rate-Aid steering mode. To disable the Rate-Aid steering mode, press the AUTO/MAN switch to return to the Rate steering mode. Auto Aid Steering Mode When operating in an Auto steering mode, pull the switch toward you to enable an Auto-Aid steering mode. To disable the Auto-Aid steering mode, press the AUTO/MAN switch to return to the Auto steering mode. PJT-470494 2018-09-04 Annex A1 Issue v1.0 (C) 2010 AGUSTAWESTLAND International Limited Use and disclosure of this document is controlled; see Title/Cover page. FOR TRAINING USE ONLY  FOR TRAINING USE ONLY AW159 Mk220 - Student Notes Electro-Optical Designator System TRIGGER GUARD A spring return switch guard to electrically and mechanically disable laser firing while in the usual (down) position. Note: When you keep a finger on the trigger in one of its 3 positions (OFF, Burst, Continuous), keeps the guard sufficiently raised. When you remove your finger from the trigger, the guard will automatically fall covering the trigger and disable laser firing. TRIGGER Switch A 3-position, momentary push-button to control laser firing: Position 1 is the OFF position (no pull of the trigger and laser firing is not engaged) Position 2 fires the laser in burst mode. (half pull of trigger). Position 3 fires the laser in continuous mode (full pull of the trigger) AUTOMATIC TARGET TRACKER A momentary switch to control the AVT Acquire Mode: Note: When the AVT Acquire button is pressed, the AVT software automatically displays the detected target closest to the boresight. AVT detects target based on the signature characteristics defined by the operator selected algorithm. Push and hold the button to enable the Automatic Target Tracker acquisition mode Release the button to engage target tracking and disable acquisition mode. Acquiring Targets: Press and hold switch to enable acquisition mode Steer the turret to one of the declared targets and centre the track window over the selected target. Release the AVT Acquire switch to set the target lock. The new target becomes the ‘closed loop’ target Press and hold switch to enable the acquisition mode Steer the turret to the next declared target (closest to the boresight) and centre the track window over the new target. Release the AVT Acquire switch to set the target lock. The new target becomes the ‘closed loop’ target and the previously selected target changes to a ‘tagged’ target. Repeat these steps to acquire a maximum of 4 tagged targets. Note: A maximum of 4 tagged targets and 1 closed loop target may be tracked at one time PJT-470494 2018-09-04 Annex A1 Issue v1.0 (C) 2010 AGUSTAWESTLAND International Limited Use and disclosure of this document is controlled; see Title/Cover page. FOR TRAINING USE ONLY