Audio Information and Media PDF

Audio Information and Media  Radio broadcast live or recorded audio sent through radio waves to reach a wide audience.  Music vocal and/or instrumental sounds combined in such a way as to produce beauty of form, harmony, and expression of emotion. It is composed and perfo...

Audio Information and Media  Radio broadcast live or recorded audio sent through radio waves to reach a wide audience.  Music vocal and/or instrumental sounds combined in such a way as to produce beauty of form, harmony, and expression of emotion. It is composed and performed for many purposes, ranging from aesthetic pleasure, religious or ceremonial purposes, or as an entertainment Sound Recording recording of an interview, meeting, or any sound from the environment. Sound clips/effects any sound, other than music or speech, artificially reproduced to create an effect in a dramatic presentation, as the sound of a storm or a creaking door.  Audio Podcast a digital audio or video file or recording, usually part of a themed series, that can be downloaded from a website to a media player or computer. Ways of Storing Audio Media  CD Tape a plastic-fabricated, circular medium for recording, magnetic tape on which sound can be storing, and playing back audio, video, and recorded. computer data.  USB DRIVE an external flash drive, small enough to carry on a key ring, that can be used with any computer that has a USB port. MEMORY CARD (aka flash memory card or storage card) is a small storage medium used to store data such as text, pictures, audio, and video, for use on small, portable, or remote computing devices.  COMPUTER HARD DRIVE secondary storage devices for storing audio files. INTERNET/CLOUD websites or file repositories for retrieving audio files, and more precisely the files are stored in some datacenter full of servers that is connected to the Internet. 1. MP3 (MPEG Audio Layer 3) - a common format for consumer audio, as well as a standard of digital audio compression for the transfer and playback of music on most digital audio players. 2. M4A/AAC (MPEG-4 Audio/Advanced Audio Coding) - an audio coding standard for lossy digital audio compression. Designed to be the successor of the MP3 format, AAC generally achieves better sound quality than MP3 at similar bit rates. 3. WAV - is a Microsoft audio file format standard for storing an audio bitstream on PCs. It has become a standard file format for game sounds, among others. 4. WMA (Windows Media Audio) - is an audio data compression technology developed by Microsoft and used with Windows Media Player. Hearing Vs. Listening  “Hearing is simply the act of perceiving sound by the ear. If you are not hearing-impaired, hearing simply happens. Listening, however, is something you consciously choose to do. Listening requires concentration so that your brain processes meaning from words and sentences. Listening leads to learning.” 1. Volume - how loud or quiet the sound is. 2. Tone - sound that can be recognized by its regularity of vibration. A simple tone has only one frequency, although its intensity may vary. A complex tone consists of two or more simple tones, called overtones. The tone of lowest frequency is called the fundamental; the others, overtones. 3. Pitch - position of a single sound in the complete range of sound. 4. Loudness - The loudness is a feeling of how strong a sound wave is at a place.  Elements of Sound Design 1. Dialogue - speech, conversation, voice-over. 2. Sound Effects - any sound other than music or dialogue. 3. Music - vocal or instrumental sounds (or both) combined in such a way as to produce beauty of form, harmony, and expression of emotion. 4. Silence - absence of audio or sound.  Principles of Sound Design 1. Mixing - the combination, balance and control of multiple sound elements. 2. Pace - Time control. Editing. Order of events: linear, non-linear, or multi- linear. 3. Transitions - How you get from one segment or element to another. Types of transitions: - Segue - one element stops, the next begins ("cut" in film). - Cross-fade - one element fades out, the next fades in, and they overlap on the way. - V-Fade - First element fades to inaudible before the second element begins. - Fade to Black - V-Fade with some silence between elements. effects. 4. Stereo Imaging - Using left and right channel for depth.