Chemical Laboratory Safety Orientation PDF

Chemical Laboratory Safety Orientation Objectives of Safety Orientation ▪ To provide students a background understanding of the location and how a chemistry laboratory operates ▪ To cover facility rules and safety procedures ▪ To bring student awareness of the potential hazards...

Chemical Laboratory Safety Orientation Objectives of Safety Orientation ▪ To provide students a background understanding of the location and how a chemistry laboratory operates ▪ To cover facility rules and safety procedures ▪ To bring student awareness of the potential hazards involved with working in a chemistry laboratory ▪ To educate students how to avoid accidents and respond to emergency situations.  Fundamentals of Chemical Laboratory Safety ▪ Why Worry about Chemical Safety? ▪ Safety Considerations ▪ Types of Laboratory Hazards ▪ Chemical Hazards and their Symbols ▪ Chemical Exposure ▪ Laboratory Protocol ▪ Emergency Situations and Responses 4 Why worry about chemical safety? Chemicals used everyday in laboratories can be hazardous 5  Why worry about chemical safety? Accident prevention is a collective responsibility that requires the full cooperation of everyone in the lab. Doing things safely is not merely the right way to work --- it is the ONLY way.  Safety Considerations Hazard The source of danger (chemical, electrical, hot surface, etc.) Risk The likelihood of occurrence (Taking into account the length of exposure to the hazard) Consequence Outcome & Impact (due to exposure to the hazard) Types of lab hazards physical hazards chemical hazards fire / explosion biohazards radiation special substances 9 Physical Hazards ◼ Chemical Burns (acids and caustics) ◼ Physical Burn (flammable/ combustible) ◼ Explosion (chemical reaction or compressed gases) ◼ Asphyxiation (lack of oxygen)  Health Hazards ◼ Irritant ◼ Allergen/Sensitizer ◼ Reproductive/Developmental Toxin ◼ Carcinogen ◼ Target Organ Effects ◼ Chemical Asphyxiant Fire and Explosion Hazards ◼ Flammable solvents ◼ Pyrophoric ◼ Spontaneous combustion Chemical Hazards & Symbols ◼ Flammable – Any substance that will burn if exposed to an open flame. ◼ Explosive – A substance that may explode if exposed to heat or flame. Chemical Hazards & Symbols ◼ Toxic/Poison – A substance that can lead to death if inhaled, ingested, or absorbed by the skin. ◼ Corrosive – A substance that can destroy or burn living tissue and can eat away at other materials. Chemical Hazards & Symbols ◼ Irritant - A substance that causes inflammation upon contact with skin or mucous membranes. ◼ Environmental - Substances that are harmful to the environment. They must be disposed of properly, not washed down the drain. ◼ Radioactive - A substance that can devastate living cells and can cause changes in the molecules of heredity (mutation).  Chemical Toxicity “All substances are poisons; there is none which is not a poison. The right dose differentiates a poison from a remedy.” -Paracelsus (1493-1541) Acute Chronic Exposure Sudden and severe Prolonged or repeated Duration exposure of high exposure over days, months concentrations into the or years. Concentrations body vary; may be very little Health Risks Highly symptomatic, Typically non-symptomatic in reversible health effects early stages, irreversible with medical treatment health effects Examples Cyanide poisoning Lead poisoning Concentrated vapors Breathing dust Material Safety Data Sheets Information - intended to provide workers and emergency personnel with procedures for handling or working with that substance in a safe manner, and includes information such as physical data, toxicity, health effects, first aid, reactivity, storage, disposal, protective equipment, and spill-handling procedures. Chemical Exposure Exposure Routes Routes of Exposure Pinholes compromise the Fumes from volatile solvents permeability of the glove can be breathed in Working with potentially A cut from contaminated glass contaminated gloves provides direct chemical contact Laboratory Protocol ◼ Conduct in the Laboratory ◼ Do not engage in any unauthorized activity (e.g. practical jokes, unapproved experiments, running around, unnecessary walking or conversation) in the laboratory. ◼ The use of personal audio or video equipment is prohibited in the laboratory. Conduct in the Laboratory ◼ Do not sit on laboratory working areas or the sinks. ◼ Charging of cellphones and other electronic devices are strictly prohibited. Personal Protection ◼ Always wear appropriate Personal Protective Equipment (PPE). ◼ Chemical splash goggles ◼ Chemical resistant apron ◼ Shoes that adequately cover the whole feet ◼ Safety gloves ◼ Face mask (NOT surgical mask) Laboratory Protocol ◼ General Work Procedure ◼ Never work in the laboratory alone or unsupervised. ◼ Be careful when handling hot glassware and apparatus in the laboratory. Hot glassware looks just like cold glassware. ◼ Never pipette by mouth. Always use a pipette aid or suction bulb. ◼ Never remove chemicals from the laboratory without proper authorization. ◼ Immediately report any spills, accidents or injuries to your teacher. Laboratory Protocol ◼ General Work Procedure ◼ Make sure no flammable solvents are in the surrounding area when igniting a flame. ◼ Turn off all heating apparatus, gas valves, burners and water faucets when not in use. ◼ Coats, bags and other personal items must be placed in designated areas, not on the top of the working areas or the aisle ways. Laboratory Protocol ◼ Housekeeping ◼ Never place materials, especially chemicals, on the floor, even temporarily. ◼ Keep workspaces and storage areas clear of broken glassware, leftover chemicals, and unnecessary materials. ◼ Inspect all equipment for damage (cracks, defects, etc.) prior to use. Laboratory Protocol ◼ Hygiene practices ◼ Keep your hands away from your face, eyes, mouth and body while using chemicals. ◼ Food and drinks are not allowed inside the laboratory. ◼ Wash hands after removing gloves and before leaving the laboratory. Laboratory Protocol ◼ Chemical Handling ◼ Check the label to verify if it is the correct substance before using it. ◼ Always use a spatula to remove a solid reagent from a container. ◼ Hold containers away from the body when transferring a chemical or solution from one container to another. ◼ Weigh out only the amount of chemical that you need. Never return the excess to its original container. Laboratory Protocol ◼ Waste Disposal ◼ Never pour chemical waste into the sink drains. ◼ Place chemical waste in appropriately labeled waste containers. ◼ Properly dispose of broken glassware and other sharp objects (e.g., syringe needles) immediately in designated containers. ◼ Paper products that do not contain chemicals can be placed in the waste baskets. Laboratory Protocol ▪ Chemicals on Skin, Clothing and Eyes ◼ Any chemical spill on a person should be washed off immediately and thoroughly using the safety shower. ◼ Launder contaminated clothes separately from other clothing or discard, as recommended in the MSDS. ◼ Any chemical contacting one’s eyes should be immediately and thoroughly rinsed out using the safety eyewash. Laboratory Protocol ▪ Chemicals on Skin, Clothing and Eyes ◼ Any chemical spill on a person should be washed off immediately and thoroughly using the safety shower. ◼ Launder contaminated clothes separately from other clothing or discard, as recommended in the MSDS (Material Safety Data Sheet) ◼ Any chemical contacting one’s eyes should be immediately and thoroughly rinsed out using the safety eyewash. IMPORTANT !!! Make sure to report all injuries to instructor immediately. Laboratory Protocol Spill Cleanup Clean up all spills promptly, efficiently and properly. Absorb excess, surround area with absorbent material. Wear appropriate PPE. Use forceps, etc., to pickup broken glassware, etc. Work from outer edge toward center to cleanup. Do not dry sweep. Laboratory Protocol Spill Cleanup Clean spill area with soap & water, specific solvent or neutralizing material (if known). Collect contaminated absorbent, gloves, residues in plastic bag(s). Label, with chemical name if possible, and dispose of waste properly.  Emergency Situations ◼ Fire Emergency ◼ Earthquake ◼ Medical Emergency ◼ Power Outage ◼ Criminal Activity ◼ Chemical, Biological or Radioactive Spills or Personal Contamination Laboratory Protocol ◼ Emergency Procedure  Know the location of all the exits and follow the emergency plan.  Know the location of and know how to operate the following:  Fire extinguishers, Fire blankets  Alarm systems with pull stations  Eye washes, safety showers  First aid kits  Emergency Situations What should you do in an emergency? You are expected to “SIN” at a minimum. ◼ Safety - ensure your personal safety FIRST! ◼ Isolation - alert co-workers to clear out and away from the emergency scene ◼ Notification - call the appropriate emergency numbers Fire Safety ◼ The best way to fight a fire is to prevent it. ◼ In case of fire,  Using a Fire Extinguisher ◼ Intended only for small fires ◼ Notify co-workers of any fire situation ◼ Pull fire alarm (if appropriate) ◼ Use PASS Method  Pull pin, aim, squeeze, sweep  Fire Extinguisher Training Video WHAT TO DO IF SOMEONE CATCHES ON FIRE If you should catch on fire: STOP - where you are DROP - to the floor ROLL - around on the floor This smothers the flames, possibly saving your life. Remember STOP, DROP and ROLL If a classmate catches on fire: Smother flames by grabbing a blanket or rug Wrap them in it. Could save them from serious burns or death. 40 WHEN NOT TO FIGHT A FIRE Don’t fight a fire, when: It is bigger than a waste paper bin One extinguisher is not enough The fire is spreading beyond the spot where it started Smoke is affecting your breathing You can't fight the fire with your back to an escape exit The fire can block your only escape You don't have adequate fire-fighting equipment DON'T FIGHT THE FIRE YOURSELF CALL FOR HELP 41 For EARTHQUAKE! Protect Yourself First. ◼ Be prepared and protect yourself from an earthquake when you hear an earthquake warning announcement or feel a quake. ◼ You cannot tell from the initial shaking if an earthquake will suddenly become intense…so always Drop, Cover, and Hold On immediately! ◼ If you are unable to Drop, Cover, and Hold On: If you have difficulty getting safely to the floor on your own, get as low as possible, protect your head and neck, and move away from windows or other items that can fall on you. What To do After Earthquake: MOVE to EVACUATION PROCEDURES ◼ Tuck-Head and Neck ◼ Buddy system(Column of 2 Rule) ◼ Action in Assembly areas  When students reach assembly areas, implement some form of student accountability (head count, roll books, buddy system, etc.). Any discrepancy should be reported immediately to the principal.  When students reach designated assembly areas, they should remain there until further instructions are given.  Upon a prearranged signal, students should return to the building. Purpose of Laboratory Chemical Safety Protect the worker Safeguard the environment Comply with regulations Support the conduct of the studies Learning to work safely in the laboratory is as important as learning the chemical concepts and techniques involved in each experiment. Have a safe semester! A SAFE ATTITUDE IS CONTAGIOUS! - PASS IT ON -