Atlantic World & European Contact PDF

The Atlantic World & European Contact: Terms: Crusades Renaissance Nation-states Mercantilism Great Merchant sextant Henry VII ‘Indians’ Amerigo Vespucci Giovanni Da Verrazzano Samuel Champlain...

The Atlantic World & European Contact: Terms: Crusades Renaissance Nation-states Mercantilism Great Merchant sextant Henry VII ‘Indians’ Amerigo Vespucci Giovanni Da Verrazzano Samuel Champlain Giovanni Caboto Treaty of Tordesillas, 1495 Elizabeth I Spanish Armada Walter Raleigh Francis Drake Roanoke Island Mercantilism “Protestant Wind” Phillip II  The Atlantic World: Period of widespread migration, between 1450-early 19th century. Connected the people and economies of four continents. Radically transformed the societies involved. The legacies of the Atlantic World can still be seen today.  Estimated Population of Europe 1400 78.1 million 1500 88 million 1600 107 million 1700 122 million 1800 188 million  Factors that facilitated European exploration: 1. Increase in population. 2. Increase in knowledge of the world. 3. The Renaissance. 4. The creation of nation states. 5. Mercantilism. Crusades, 1096 and 1291 C.E. Mediterranean Sea Claudius Ptolemy’s Map Sextant  Factors that facilitated European exploration: 1. Increase in population. 2. Increase in knowledge of the world. 3. The Renaissance. 4. The creation of nation states. 5. Mercantilism. Caravel Portuguese exploration (1380- 1460)  15th century Nationalism See increase in power of monarchies. – Merging of minor kingdoms into states. Increased cooperation between (some) nobility, merchant classes, monarchies, and church. Availability of capital to build empires. Religiously sanctioned states. Establishment of a cohesive hegemony (national and political identities).  Factors that facilitated European exploration: 1. Increase in population. 2. Increase in knowledge of the world. 3. The Renaissance. 4. The creation of nation states. 5. Mercantilism. Columbus Amerigo Vespucci Martin Waldseemüller’s 1507 Map Treaty of Tordesillas 1494  Colonialism: The system or policy by which a country maintains foreign jurisdictions, usually to exploit them economically. Comes from the Latin word COLONOS. Driven by the idea of Mercantilism in the age of exploration.  Mercantilism An economic system characterized by strict governmental regulation of the entire national economy, usually through policies designed to secure an accumulation of bullion, a favorable balance of trade, and the establishment of foreign trading monopolies. Built on the assumption that the world’s supply of wealth was fixed and that nations must export more goods than they import. – Thus, the development of colonies was of great importance. Elizabeth I (1558-1603) Guidelines for English colonization: 1. English explorers would share whatever wealth found with the English monarchy. 2. Prospective settlers would be given the same rights as English citizens in England. 3. The colony would remain true to England. Roanoke Island  Result of Raleigh’s Experiment: Proved that funding oversea ventures was beyond the means any one individual. Colonizing America was would be a difficult and hazardous venture. English aspirations to the new world now had a name: Virginia Francis Drake Spanish Armada, 1588