Automotive Instrumentation and Controls AT3-M PRELIM Discussion PDF

Course Code: AT3-M Course Title: Automotive Instrumentation and Controls Prepared by: Prof. MJC TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES- MANILA PRELIM TOPICS  TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES- MANILA SUBJECT/COURSE SYLLABUS PRELIM Coverage/ Exa...

Course Code: AT3-M Course Title: Automotive Instrumentation and Controls Prepared by: Prof. MJC TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES- MANILA PRELIM TOPICS  TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES- MANILA SUBJECT/COURSE SYLLABUS PRELIM Coverage/ Examination Dash Board ❑ Engine Oil Temperature ❑ Speedometer gauge ❑ Fuel gauge ❑ Coolant Temperature gauge ❑ Odometer ❑ Tachometer ❑ Ammeter ❑ Warning Flasher TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES- MANILA PRELIM LESSON TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES- MANILA Automotive Instrumentation and Controls  TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES- MANILA Automotive Automotive instrumentation and controls Instrumentation refer to the various systems and components and Controls used in vehicles to monitor, regulate, and control various functions and operations. Display information related to the vehicle's operation, performance, and safety. These systems provide important information for the proper functioning and control of an automobile in essential for the driver and assist in the smooth operation of the vehicle.  TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES- MANILA Automotive Instrumentation includes a range of gauges, Instrumentation displays, and indicators that show important and Controls data about the vehicle’s performance and condition. These instruments offer information like the speed of the vehicle, engine RPM, fuel level, temperature, oil pressure, and more. By providing such information, drivers can monitor the vehicle’s health, make informed decisions, and ensure safe and optimal operation.  TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES- MANILA Automotive Controls consist of mechanisms and devices Instrumentation that allow the driver to manage different and Controls functions of the vehicle. This includes the steering wheel for controlling the direction, pedals for the accelerator, brake, and clutch to manage speed and gear shifting, and various switches, buttons, and levers for controlling aspects such as lights, wipers, air conditioning, audio systems, and etc. TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES- MANILA Lists of Automotive Systems  TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES- MANILA Automotive 1. Engine System: Systems Key Components: Engine block, pistons, crankshaft, camshaft, valves, fuel injectors, ignition system. Function: Converts fuel into mechanical power by combustion, propelling the vehicle. Importance: Provides the primary power source for the vehicle’s movement.  TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES- MANILA Automotive 2. Transmission System: Systems Key Components: Transmission unit, gears, clutch (manual), torque converter (automatic), driveshaft. Function: Transfers power from the engine to the wheels, controlling the vehicle’s speed and torque. Importance: Facilitates gear shifting, efficient power delivery, and smooth acceleration.  TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES- MANILA Automotive 3. Brake System: Systems Key Components: Brake pedal, brake calipers, brake pads, brake rotors, brake lines, master cylinder, ABS (Anti-lock Braking System). Function: Slows down or stops the vehicle by applying friction to the wheels. Importance: Essential for vehicle control, safety, and stopping power.  TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES- MANILA Automotive 4. Suspension System: Systems Key Components: Shock absorbers, struts, springs (coil or leaf), control arms, and sway bars. Function: Provides stability, comfort, and handling by absorbing shocks and maintaining tire contact with the road. Importance: Improves ride quality, ensures proper vehicle handling, and maximizes road grip.  TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES- MANILA Automotive 5. Steering System: Systems Key Components: Steering wheel, steering column, rack and pinion (or steering gearbox), tie rods, power steering pump. Function: Controls the direction of the vehicle by turning the wheels. Importance: Enables precise steering control, enhances maneuverability, and ensures safe handling.  TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES- MANILA Automotive 6. Electrical System: Systems Key Components: Battery, alternator, starter motor, wiring harness, fuses, relays, lights, sensors, control modules. Function: Provides electrical power to run various vehicle systems, such as lighting, electronics, and controls. Importance: Powers essential components, facilitates communication between systems, and ensures overall vehicle operation.  TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES- MANILA Automotive 7. Fuel System: Systems Key Components: Fuel tank, fuel pump, fuel filter, fuel injectors (or carburetor), fuel lines, fuel pressure regulator. Function: Stores, delivers, and mixes fuel with air to provide combustion in the engine. Importance: Supplies fuel for engine operation, regulates fuel flow, and ensures optimal performance.  TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES- MANILA Automotive 8. Cooling System: Systems Key Components: Radiator, coolant reservoir, water pump, thermostat, cooling fan, hoses. Function: Regulates engine temperature by transferring heat away from the engine. Importance: Prevents overheating, maintains engine efficiency, and prolongs engine life.  TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES- MANILA Automotive 9. Exhaust System: Systems Key Components: Exhaust manifold, catalytic converter, mufflers, pipes. Function: Channels and treats engine exhaust gases, reducing noise and harmful emissions. Importance: Ensures proper engine performance, noise reduction, and environmental compliance.  TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES- MANILA Automotive 10. HVAC System (Heating, Ventilation, Systems and Air Conditioning): Key Components: Heater core, air conditioning compressor, condenser, blower motor, vents, controls. Function: Controls the temperature, airflow, and air quality inside the vehicle cabin. Importance: Provides comfort, controls humidity, and improves visibility.  TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES- MANILA Automotive 11. Electrical Charging System: Systems Key Components: Alternator, voltage regulator, battery. Function: Charges the battery and provides electrical power to the vehicle’s electrical systems. Importance: Ensures a consistent power supply for electrical components and recharges the battery while the engine is running.  TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES- MANILA Automotive 12. Ignition System: Systems Key Components: Ignition coil, spark plugs, distributor (older systems), electronic control module. Function: Generates high-voltage sparks to ignite the air-fuel mixture in the engine cylinders. Importance: Initiates the combustion process, allowing the engine to run.  TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES- MANILA Automotive 13. Fuel Injection System: Systems Key Components: Fuel injectors, fuel pump, fuel pressure regulator, electronic control module. Function: Sprays fuel into the combustion chambers for efficient and controlled combustion. Importance: Optimizes fuel delivery, improves fuel efficiency, and reduces harmful emissions.  TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES- MANILA Automotive 14. Exhaust Emission Control System: Systems Key Components: Catalytic converter, oxygen sensors, EGR (Exhaust Gas Recirculation) valve. Function: Reduces harmful exhaust emissions, such as nitrogen oxides and carbon monoxide. Importance: Helps maintain environmental regulations, reduces air pollution, and promotes cleaner air.  TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES- MANILA Automotive 15. Safety Restraint System: Systems Key Components: Airbags, seat belts, sensors, control module. Function: Protects vehicle occupants during collisions by deploying airbags and tightening seat belts. Importance: Enhances occupant safety by minimizing the risk of injury during accidents.  TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES- MANILA Automotive 16. Anti-lock Braking System (ABS): Systems Key Components: Wheel speed sensors, hydraulic control unit, ABS module. Function: Prevents wheels from locking up during braking, enabling the driver to maintain steering control. Importance: Improves braking performance, and stability, and helps avoid accidents in emergency braking situations.  TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES- MANILA Automotive 17. Traction Control System (TCS): Systems Key Components: Wheel speed sensors, ABS system, engine control module. Function: Prevents wheel spin and loss of traction by modulating the engine power and applying braking to specific wheels. Importance: Enhances vehicle stability, handling, and control on slippery or uneven surfaces.  TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES- MANILA Automotive 18. Electronic Stability Control (ESC): Systems Key Components: Sensors, control module, ABS system, wheel speed sensors. Function: Helps the driver maintain control and stability during extreme maneuvers or loss of vehicle stability. Importance: Reduces the risk of skidding or loss of control, improving overall vehicle safety.  TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES- MANILA Automotive 19. Tire Pressure Monitoring System Systems (TPMS): Key Components: Tire pressure sensors, control module, warning indicators. Function: Monitors and alerts the driver about low tire pressure, helping to prevent tire failure and promote fuel efficiency. Importance: Ensures proper tire inflation, improves traction, and extends tire life.  TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES- MANILA Automotive 20. Advanced Driver Assistance Systems Systems (ADAS): Key Components: Cameras, sensors, radar systems, control modules. Function: Provides various driver assistance features like adaptive cruise control, lane keep assist, blind-spot monitoring, collision warning, etc. Importance: Enhances safety, reduces driver fatigue, and assists in avoiding accidents. TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES- MANILA Automotive Instrumentation Categorized by Different Vehicle Systems  TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES- MANILA Automotive 1. Engine System Instrumentation a. Engine Control Unit (ECU): Categorized by Function: Controls and monitors various Different engine parameters, optimizing performance Vehicle and fuel efficiency. Systems Importance: Ensures proper engine operation, monitors emissions and manages fuel delivery. Parts: Microcontroller, sensors, actuators.  TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES- MANILA Automotive 1. Engine System Instrumentation b. Tachometer: Categorized by Function: Measures and displays the Different engine’s rotational speed (RPM). Vehicle Importance: Helps the driver in shifting gears Systems at the appropriate RPM range and indicates engine performance. Parts: Sensor, gauge, display.  TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES- MANILA Automotive 1. Engine System Instrumentation c. Engine Temperature Gauge: Categorized by Function: Measures and displays the Different engine’s temperature. Vehicle Importance: Indicates if the engine is Systems operating within the optimal temperature range and helps prevent overheating. Parts: Temperature sensor, gauge, display.  TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES- MANILA Automotive 2. Safety Systems Instrumentation a. Anti-lock Braking System (ABS): Categorized by Function: Prevents wheel lock-up during Different braking, allowing the driver to maintain Vehicle steering control. Systems Importance: Enhances vehicle stability, reduces stopping distance, and helps prevent accidents. Parts: Wheel speed sensors, control module, hydraulic valves.  TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES- MANILA Automotive 2. Safety Systems Instrumentation b. Airbag System: Categorized by Function: Deploys airbags in the event of a Different collision to protect occupants from impact Vehicle forces. Systems Importance: Provides additional safety in a crash, reducing the risk of severe injuries. Parts: Crash sensors, airbag modules, control unit.  TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES- MANILA Automotive 2. Safety Systems Instrumentation c. Stability Control System: Categorized by Function: Monitors vehicle dynamics and Different reduces engine power or applies brakes to Vehicle individual wheels to maintain stability. Systems Importance: Helps prevent skidding and loss of control during sudden maneuvers or slippery conditions. Parts: Sensors, control unit, brake actuator.  TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES- MANILA Automotive 3. Climate Control System Instrumentation a. HVAC Control Panel: Function: Allows the Categorized by driver to control the temperature, airflow, and Different various climate settings within the vehicle. Vehicle Importance: Provides comfort for occupants Systems by maintaining desired cabin temperature and airflow. Parts: Control switches, control unit, display.  TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES- MANILA Automotive 3. Climate Control System Instrumentation b. Cabin Air Filter: Categorized by Function: Filters and purifies the air entering Different the passenger cabin, removing dust, pollen, Vehicle and other contaminants. Systems Importance: Improves air quality within the vehicle and provides a healthier environment for occupants. Parts: Filter media, housing, airflow system.  TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES- MANILA Automotive 4. Instrument Cluster Instrumentation a. Speedometer: Categorized by Function: Measures and displays the Different vehicle’s speed. Vehicle Importance: Helps the driver maintain legal Systems speeds and provides essential information for safe driving. Parts: Speed sensor, gauge, display.  TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES- MANILA Automotive 4. Instrument Cluster Instrumentation b. Fuel Gauge: Categorized by Function: Measures and displays the amount Different of fuel in the vehicle’s fuel tank. Vehicle Importance: Provides the driver with Systems information about fuel levels to prevent running out of fuel. Parts: Fuel level sensor, gauge, display.  TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES- MANILA Automotive 4. Instrument Cluster Instrumentation c. Odometer: Function: Records and displays Categorized by the total distance traveled by the vehicle. Different Importance: Helps track maintenance Vehicle schedules and assess the vehicle’s lifespan. Systems Parts: Sensor, counter, display.  TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES- MANILA Automotive 5. Lighting System Instrumentation a. Headlights: Categorized by Function: Provide illumination for the road Different ahead, improving visibility during nighttime or Vehicle low-light conditions. Systems Importance: Essential for safe driving and alerting other drivers to the presence of the vehicle. Parts: Bulbs, reflectors, control switches.  TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES- MANILA Automotive 5. Lighting System Instrumentation b. Turn Signal Indicator: Categorized by Function: Signals the intended direction of Different the vehicle’s upcoming turn or lane change. Vehicle Importance: Enhances communication Systems between drivers and improves road safety. Parts: Bulbs, control switch, indicator lights.  TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES- MANILA Automotive 5. Lighting System Instrumentation c. Brake Lights: Categorized by Function: Illuminates when the driver applies Different the brakes, notifying drivers behind of Vehicle deceleration or stopping. Systems Importance: Alerting other drivers to reduce the risk of rear-end collisions. Parts: Bulbs, wiring, brake switch.  TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES- MANILA Automotive 6. Fuel System Instrumentation a. Fuel Pump: Categorized by Function: Draws fuel from the tank and Different delivers it to the engine at the required Vehicle pressure. Systems Importance: Ensures proper fuel supply for engine combustion and performance. Parts: Electric or mechanical pump, fuel lines, fuel filter.  TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES- MANILA Automotive 6. Fuel System Instrumentation b. Fuel Pressure Regulator: Categorized by Function: Controls and maintains the proper Different fuel pressure within the fuel system. Vehicle Importance: Ensures consistent fuel delivery Systems and protects the fuel injectors and other components. Parts: Regulator valve, diaphragm, springs.  TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES- MANILA Automotive 6. Fuel System Instrumentation c. Fuel Level Sender: Categorized by Function: Measures the level of fuel in the Different tank and sends information to the fuel gauge. Vehicle Importance: Provides the driver with accurate Systems fuel level readings. Parts: Float mechanism, resistor, electrical connectors.  TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES- MANILA Automotive 7. Exhaust System Instrumentation a. Catalytic Converter: Categorized by Function: Converts harmful exhaust Different emissions into less harmful substances Vehicle through chemical reactions. Systems Importance: Helps reduce air pollution and ensures compliance with emissions regulations. Parts: Catalyst substrate, housing, oxygen sensors.  TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES- MANILA Automotive 7. Exhaust System Instrumentation b. Oxygen Sensor: Categorized by Function: Measures the oxygen content in the Different exhaust gas and provides feedback to the Vehicle engine control system. Systems Importance: Enables optimal fuel-air mixture control, reducing fuel consumption and emissions. Parts: Sensor element, wiring, connectors.  TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES- MANILA Automotive 8. Suspension System Instrumentation a. Suspension Strut: Categorized by Function: Combines the functions of a shock Different absorber and a coil spring, supporting the Vehicle weight of the vehicle and damping vibrations. Systems Importance: Provides a comfortable ride, improves handling, and ensures tire contact with the road. Parts: Coil spring, damping unit, mounting components.  TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES- MANILA Automotive 8. Suspension System Instrumentation b. Stabilizer Bar (Sway Bar): Function: Categorized by Reduces body roll during cornering by Different connecting the suspension on each side of Vehicle the vehicle. Systems Importance: Enhances stability and handling, particularly during maneuvers. Parts: Bar, bushings, links.  TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES- MANILA Automotive 9. Transmission System Instrumentation a. Transmission Control Module (TCM): Categorized by Function: Controls and manages the Different operation of an automatic transmission. Vehicle Importance: Coordinates gear selection, Systems shifting, and other transmission functions for optimal performance and efficiency. Parts: Microcontroller, solenoids, sensors.  TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES- MANILA Automotive 9. Transmission System Instrumentation b. Transmission Oil Temperature Gauge: Categorized by Function: Monitors and displays the Different temperature of the transmission fluid. Vehicle Importance: Helps detect overheating and Systems prevent transmission damage. Parts: Temperature sensor, gauge, display.  TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES- MANILA Automotive 10. Electrical System Instrumentation a. Battery: Categorized by Function: Stores electrical energy and Different supplies it to the vehicle’s electrical system. Vehicle Importance: Powers various components, Systems such as the starter motor and ignition system. Parts: Electrolyte, positive and negative plates, casing.  TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES- MANILA Automotive 10. Electrical System Instrumentation b. Alternator: Function: Converts mechanical Categorized by energy from the engine into electrical energy Different to recharge the battery and power the Vehicle vehicle’s electrical system. Systems Importance: Maintains electrical system operation and charges the battery. Parts: Rotor, stator, rectifier. TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES- MANILA Dash Board  TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES- MANILA Dashboard The automotive dashboard, often referred to simply as the “dash,” is the control panel or instrument panel located at the front of the vehicle’s interior, directly in front of the driver and sometimes the front passenger. It is a crucial component of the vehicle’s cabin design, providing a centralized location for various gauges, controls, displays, and indicators that the driver needs to monitor and interact with while driving.  TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES- MANILA Dashboard Automotive dashboards are a critical component of the vehicle’s interior design, providing a centralized location for essential controls, displays, and instruments. They are designed to enhance convenience, safety, and an enjoyable driving experience, while keeping the driver informed and in control of various vehicle functions. TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES- MANILA Multi Purposes of Dashboard  TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES- MANILA Multi Purposes 1. Instrumentation of Dashboard 2. Controls 3. Displays 4. Storage  TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES- MANILA Multi Purposes Instrumentation: The dashboard houses a of Dashboard cluster of gauges and indicators that provide important information about the vehicle’s performance and status. Common instrumentation includes a speedometer to display the current speed, a tachometer to indicate the engine RPM, fuel gauges to show fuel level, temperature gauges to monitor engine coolant temperature, and various warning lights or icons to notify the driver of potential issues or malfunctions.  TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES- MANILA Multi Purposes Controls: The dashboard also houses a of Dashboard range of controls that the driver can use to operate different systems within the vehicle. These controls can include switches, buttons, knobs, and touchscreens. Common controls found on the dashboard include those for the lights (headlights, turn signals, etc.), climate control (heating, ventilation, and air conditioning), audio and multimedia systems, adjustment of side-view mirrors, and other various vehicle settings.  TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES- MANILA Multi Purposes Displays: Modern automotive dashboards of Dashboard often feature digital screens or display panels embedded within them. These displays can provide information such as navigation directions, vehicle diagnostics, multimedia functions, driver-assistance system alerts, and more. Some vehicles may have larger central touchscreens that serve as the main interface for controlling various features and accessing settings.  TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES- MANILA Multi Purposes Storage: In addition to serving as a control of Dashboard and information center, the dashboard often incorporates storage compartments for small personal items such as sunglasses, smartphones, wallets, or keys. These compartments are typically designed to be easily accessible to the driver or front passenger. TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES- MANILA Engine Oil Temperature gauge  TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES- MANILA Engine Oil The engine oil temperature gauge is Temperature an instrument or sensor that measures gauge the temperature of the engine oil in a vehicle’s engine. It is typically located on the dashboard of the vehicle and provides the driver with real-time information about the temperature of the engine oil.  TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES- MANILA Engine Oil The engine oil temperature gauge Temperature allows the driver to keep an eye on the gauge oil temperature and take appropriate action if needed, such as allowing the engine to warm up before driving aggressively or pulling over to let the engine cool down in case of overheating.  TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES- MANILA Engine Oil The engine oil temperature gauge is Temperature a valuable tool that helps drivers gauge monitor the engine’s lubrication and cooling system’s efficiency. By paying attention to the gauge and taking appropriate action when necessary, you can help maintain your vehicle’s engine health and performance.  TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES- MANILA Engine Oil 1. If the engine oil temperature Temperature becomes too high. gauge 2. If the oil temperature is too low. scenarios  TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES- MANILA Engine Oil If the engine oil temperature Temperature becomes too high, it can lead to gauge accelerated wear and tear on engine scenarios components and potentially cause engine damage. If the oil temperature is too low, it has inadequate engine warm-up, which can affect fuel efficiency and increase engine wear during cold starts. TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES- MANILA Functions and Purpose of Engine Oil Temperature gauge  TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES- MANILA Functions and The purpose of monitoring the engine oil Purpose of temperature is important. Engine Oil 1. It helps ensure proper lubrication and Temperature 2. Cooling of the engine components. gauge The engine oil performs several critical functions, including: 1. Reducing friction 2. Carrying away heat, and 3. Preventing the formation of deposits. TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES- MANILA Importance and Benefits of Engine Oil Temperature gauge  TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES- MANILA Importance and 1. Sensor Location Benefits of 2. Measurement Units Engine Oil Temperature 3. Operating Range gauge 4. Warning Signs 5. Maintenance and Checks  TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES- MANILA Importance and Sensor Location: The engine oil Benefits of temperature gauge sensor is usually Engine Oil located near the oil filter or within the oil Temperature pan. It is in direct contact with the gauge engine oil to get an accurate reading of its temperature.  TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES- MANILA Importance and Measurement Units: The temperature Benefits of is typically displayed in degrees Engine Oil Fahrenheit or Celsius, depending on Temperature the vehicle’s region and the gauge’s gauge design. Some gauges may also include color-coded zones or warning lights to indicate safe operating ranges or potential issues.  TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES- MANILA Importance Operating Range: The optimal and Benefits operating range for engine oil of Engine Oil temperature varies depending on the Temperature specific vehicle and engine design. gauge However, a general rule of thumb is that the engine oil temperature should ideally be maintained between 195°F to 220°F (90°C to 105°C) during normal driving conditions. Extreme temperature fluctuations should be avoided to maintain optimal engine performance and longevity.  TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES- MANILA Importance Warning Signs: If the engine oil and Benefits temperature gauge shows excessively of Engine Oil high readings or enters the red zone, it is Temperature crucial to take immediate action. This gauge could indicate a problem, such as a malfunctioning cooling system, low oil level, restricted oil flow, or a faulty temperature sensor. Continuing to operate the vehicle under these conditions could lead to severe engine damage.  TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES- MANILA Importance Maintenance and Checks: To ensure and Benefits accurate readings and prevent potential of Engine Oil issues, it is essential to follow the vehicle Temperature manufacturer’s recommended gauge maintenance schedule for oil changes and cooling system inspections. Regularly checking the oil level, quality, and condition is also crucial for optimal engine performance. TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES- MANILA Coolant Temperature Gauge  TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES- MANILA Coolant The coolant temperature gauge is an Temperature instrument or sensor that measures the Gauge temperature of the engine coolant in a vehicle’s cooling system. It is typically located on the dashboard and provides the driver with real-time information about the temperature of the engine coolant.  TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES- MANILA Coolant The coolant temperature gauge Temperature provides the driver with an indication of Gauge the coolant temperature. It usually has a range of temperatures marked, ranging from cold to hot. The gauge needle moves within this range, showing the current temperature of the coolant.  TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES- MANILA Coolant The engine coolant plays a critical role Temperature in maintaining the proper operating Gauge temperature of the engine. It absorbs heat from the engine and carries it to the radiator, where it is cooled down before being recirculated. Monitoring the coolant temperature is important because it helps ensure that the engine is operating within a safe temperature range. TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES- MANILA Coolant Temperature Gauge scenarios  TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES- MANILA Coolant During normal operation, the coolant Temperature temperature gauge needle should Gauge remain in the middle of the gauge, scenarios indicating that the engine is operating at the optimum temperature. If the needle moves towards the hot end of the gauge or enters the red zone, it indicates that the engine is overheating or approaching unsafe coolant temperatures.  TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES- MANILA Coolant An overheating engine can lead to Temperature severe damage, including blown Gauge gaskets, warped cylinder heads, or scenarios even engine failure. Therefore, it is crucial to pay attention to the coolant temperature gauge and take appropriate action if the gauge indicates overheating or abnormal temperature readings.  TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES- MANILA Coolant If the coolant temperature gauge shows Temperature unusually high readings, it is advisable Gauge to stop the vehicle, turn off the engine, scenarios and allow it to cool down. Possible causes of high coolant temperature include a malfunctioning cooling system, low coolant level, a faulty thermostat, a failing water pump, or a blocked radiator.  TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES- MANILA Reminder: Regular maintenance, such as Coolant checking the coolant level, ensuring Temperature proper coolant mixture, and inspecting Gauge the cooling system for any leaks or malfunctions, is essential for optimal performance and to prevent overheating issues. TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES- MANILA Importance and Benefits of Coolant Temperature Gauge  TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES- MANILA Importance and 1. Monitoring Engine Temperature Benefits of 2. Early Detection of Cooling System Coolant Issues Temperature Gauge 3. Prevents Engine Damage 4. Optimal Engine Performance 5. Safety 6. Longevity of Engine Components  TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES- MANILA Importance and Monitoring Engine Temperature: The Benefits of primary function of the coolant Coolant temperature gauge is to monitor the Temperature temperature of the engine coolant. It Gauge provides a visual indication of whether the engine is running at the optimal temperature range or if it’s overheating.  TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES- MANILA Importance and Early Detection of Cooling System Benefits of Issues: By continuously monitoring the Coolant coolant temperature, the gauge can Temperature help in early detection of any cooling Gauge system problems. Sudden temperature fluctuations or unusually high readings may indicate a malfunctioning thermostat, radiator, water pump, or coolant leaks.  TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES- MANILA Importance and Prevents Engine Damage: The coolant Benefits of temperature gauge acts as an early Coolant warning system for potential engine Temperature damage. If the engine starts to Gauge overheat, the gauge will indicate rising temperatures, prompting the driver to take immediate action like stopping the vehicle, checking coolant levels, or seeking professional help. Prompt action can prevent severe damage to the engine.  TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES- MANILA Importance and Optimal Engine Performance: Benefits of Consistently monitoring the coolant Coolant temperature ensures that the engine Temperature operates within the ideal temperature Gauge range. This allows the engine to function efficiently, delivering better fuel economy, performance, and reducing emissions.  TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES- MANILA Importance and Safety: The coolant temperature gauge Benefits of contributes to overall vehicle safety. It Coolant allows the driver to stay informed about Temperature the engine’s health, avoiding potential Gauge breakdowns, or engine failures that might compromise safety on the road.  TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES- MANILA Importance and Longevity of Engine Components: Benefits of Operating the engine within the optimal Coolant temperature range helps extend the Temperature lifespan of crucial components such as Gauge the cylinder head gasket, pistons, valves, and other engine parts. Overheating can cause significant damage, leading to expensive repairs or even engine replacement. TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES- MANILA Tachometer  TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES- MANILA Tachometer A tachometer is an instrument or gauge in an automotive vehicle that measures and displays the rotational speed of the engine’s crankshaft. It provides real- time information about the engine’s revolutions per minute (RPM). The tachometer typically consists of a dial with a needle or digital display that indicates the RPM value.  TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES- MANILA Tachometer In addition to its practical uses, the tachometer can also be aesthetically pleasing and is often found on the dashboard of many vehicles as part of the instrument cluster. It helps give the driver a sense of speed and control over the engine’s operation. Overall, the tachometer is an important tool for monitoring and managing the engine’s RPM in automotive vehicles.  TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES- MANILA Importance and 1. a gauge or display that is Benefits of prominently placed within the Tachometer instrument cluster of a vehicle. 2. to provide real-time information about the engine’s rotational speed, measured in revolutions per minute (RPM).  TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES- MANILA Importance and 3. The dial is calibrated with markings Benefits of that represent the range of RPM Tachometer values, allowing the driver to easily monitor the engine’s speed. The needle or numerical display moves in accordance with the engine’s RPM, providing an instant visual representation of the current engine speed.  TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES- MANILA Importance 4. Is designed to help drivers monitor the and Benefits engine’s RPM and adjust their driving of Tachometer accordingly by observing the tachometer, drivers can determine when to shift gears in manual transmission vehicles, ensuring smoother gear changes and optimal engine performance. 5. Allows drivers to monitor engine speed during idling or when operating at higher RPMs for performance-oriented driving. TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES- MANILA Speedometer  TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES- MANILA Speedometer A speedometer in an automotive dashboard is an instrument or gauge that measures and displays the current speed at which the vehicle is traveling. It provides the driver with real-time information about the vehicle’s velocity. It helps drivers maintain safe driving speeds and comply with traffic regulations, promoting overall road safety.  TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES- MANILA Speedometer Typically located in the instrument cluster of the dashboard, the speedometer features a dial or digital display with markings that indicate the speed in units such as miles per hour (mph) or kilometers per hour (km/h). The dial may have a needle that points to the specific speed, or it may be a digital readout that directly displays the numerical value.  TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES- MANILA Speedometer The speedometer obtains speed information from various sources, depending on the vehicle’s technology. In older vehicles, it often relies on a mechanical connection to the transmission or wheels. Modern vehicles, on the other hand, typically use electronic speed sensors to gather data from the vehicle’s wheels or transmission. This data is then transmitted to the speedometer to provide an accurate reading.  TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES- MANILA Speedometer The speedometer obtains speed information from various sources, depending on the vehicle’s technology. In older vehicles, it often relies on a mechanical connection to the transmission or wheels. Modern vehicles, on the other hand, typically use electronic speed sensors to gather data from the vehicle’s wheels or transmission. This data is then transmitted to the speedometer to provide an accurate reading.  TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES- MANILA The Primary 1. Is to assist the driver in maintaining a Purpose of safe and legal driving speed. By the monitoring the speedometer, drivers can Speedometer regulate their velocity to comply with traffic laws and ensure a smooth and controlled driving experience. 2. It also aids in determining fuel efficiency and can be beneficial for navigation. TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES- MANILA Fuel Gauge  TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES- MANILA Fuel Gauge A fuel gauge in an automotive dashboard is an instrument or gauge that provides real-time information about the level of fuel in the vehicle’s fuel tank. It helps drivers monitor and manage their fuel consumption, ensuring they have sufficient fuel for their journey.  TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES- MANILA Fuel Gauge The fuel gauge typically consists of a dial or digital display that shows the remaining amount of fuel in the tank. It may use various units of measurement such as gallons, liters, or a graphical representation of the fuel level. The display is often accompanied by markings indicating full, half-full, or empty, allowing the driver to easily interpret the fuel level.  TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES- MANILA Fuel Gauge The fuel gauge operates using a sensor or sending unit located inside the fuel tank. This component measures the level of fuel and transmits the information to the gauge on the dashboard. As the fuel level changes, the gauge reflects the updated amount of fuel, providing the driver with an accurate indication.  TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES- MANILA Fuel Gauge It’s important to note that fuel gauges provide an approximation of the fuel level and can be affected by factors such as vehicle inclination, acceleration, or deceleration. Therefore, it’s advisable to double- check the fuel level using the gauge along with other indicators, such as low fuel warning lights or trip computers, to ensure accurate fuel monitoring.  TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES- MANILA The Purpose of 1. Is to enable drivers to monitor their the Fuel Gauge fuel levels and plan accordingly, ensuring they refuel in a timely manner to avoid running out of fuel. 2. The fuel gauge helps drivers estimate their remaining driving range based on the fuel level, allowing them to plan refueling stops on longer journeys. TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES- MANILA Odometer  TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES- MANILA Odometer An odometer in an automotive dashboard is an instrument or gauge that measures and displays the total distance that a vehicle has traveled throughout its lifetime. It provides an accurate reading of the cumulative mileage or kilometers traveled by the vehicle.  TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES- MANILA Odometer The odometer is typically a digital display or a series of rotating mechanical wheels with numerical values indicating the distance traveled. It can be found in the instrument cluster of the dashboard, along with other gauges and indicators. The odometer is designed to track and display the total distance covered by the vehicle since it was first put into service.  TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES- MANILA The Purpose of 1. Is to provide an essential piece of the Odometer information about the vehicle’s longevity and usage. 2. It serves as a reference for important milestones such as regular maintenance intervals and helps in determining the vehicle’s overall condition and value.  TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES- MANILA The Purpose of 3. The recorded mileage on the the Odometer odometer also plays a crucial role in car history reports when buying or selling a used vehicle. 4. These may include trip meters or displays that allow drivers to measure and track shorter distances, such as individual trips or specific driving sessions.  TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES- MANILA The Purpose of 5. The odometer is an integral part of the Odometer the automotive dashboard, providing a cumulative measurement of distance traveled. 6. It serves as a valuable tool for owners, allowing them to monitor vehicle usage and maintain proper maintenance schedules. TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES- MANILA Ammeter  TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES- MANILA Ammeter An ammeter in an automotive dashboard is an instrument or gauge that measures and displays the electrical current flowing through the vehicle’s electrical system. It provides real-time information about the current being drawn from or supplied to the vehicle’s battery or alternator.  TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES- MANILA Ammeter The ammeter is typically used in older vehicles, particularly those with basic electrical systems that rely on a generator instead of an alternator. However, modern vehicles generally do not have ammeters in their dashboards, as they have more sophisticated electrical systems with multiple electronic components.  TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES- MANILA Ammeter The ammeter features a dial or digital display with a needle or numerical readout that indicates the electric current in units such as amperes (A) or milliamperes (mA). It is usually placed within the instrument cluster alongside other gauges and indicators.  TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES- MANILA The Primary 1. Is to allows drivers to monitor the Purpose of vehicle’s electrical system’s health and the Ammeter identify any potential issues. 2. In normal operating conditions, the ammeter needle should register a small positive or negative current, indicating that the battery is being charged or discharged accordingly. A consistently negative reading might suggest a problem with the battery’s charging system, such as a faulty alternator or a drained battery.  TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES- MANILA The Primary 3. Ammeters should be handled with Purpose of the caution, as they directly measure the Ammeter electrical current and improper connections or excessive currents can lead to electrical issues or damage. 4. They were primarily used to monitor charging and discharging currents to ensure the proper functioning of the vehicle’s battery and electrical components. TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES- MANILA Warning Flasher  TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES- MANILA Warning A warning flasher, also known as a Flasher hazard warning switch or hazard flasher, is a feature on the automotive dashboard that activates the simultaneous flashing of the vehicle’s turn signal lights. It is designed to quickly and effectively warn other drivers of an emergency situation or a hazard on the road..  TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES- MANILA Warning The warning flasher is typically Flasher operated by a switch on the dashboard, often labeled with a triangular symbol. When activated, it causes all of the turn signal lights (both front and rear) on the vehicle to flash simultaneously, usually at a higher frequency than regular turn signals.  TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES- MANILA The Primary 1. Is to alert other drivers to the Purpose of the presence of a potential hazard or Warning emergency situation. Flasher 2. By activating the warning flasher, drivers can communicate their presence and potential danger effectively, reducing the risk of additional accidents or further hazards.  TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES- MANILA Commonly Vehicle breakdown: used of When a vehicle breaks down on the warning flasher side of the road, activating the warning in scenarios flasher helps notify other drivers to such as: approach with caution and provide space.  TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES- MANILA Commonly Accident or collision: used of After being involved in an accident, warning flasher drivers can activate the warning flasher in scenarios to increase visibility and indicate a such as: potential hazard to other motorists.  TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES- MANILA Commonly Vehicle maintenance or repairs: used of When a vehicle needs repair or warning flasher maintenance on the roadside or in a in scenarios non-emergency situation, the warning such as: flasher can be used to ensure visibility and safety.  TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES- MANILA Commonly Hazardous conditions: used of During poor weather conditions such as warning flasher heavy rain, fog, or snow, or when there in scenarios are obstructions or hazards on the such as: road, the warning flasher can alert other drivers to exercise caution. TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES- MANILA Function, Purpose, and Importance of Some Gauges and Instruments  TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES- MANILA Function, Engine Oil Temperature Gauge: Purpose, and Function: The engine oil temperature Importance of gauge measures the temperature of the Some Gauges engine oil. It indicates whether the and engine oil is at an optimal operating Instruments temperature or if it’s overheating.  TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES- MANILA Function, Engine Oil Temperature Gauge: Purpose, and Purpose: This gauge helps monitor the Importance of engine oil’s temperature to ensure it is Some Gauges within the safe operating range. It and allows drivers to take appropriate Instruments actions, such as reducing engine load or stopping the vehicle, if the oil temperature reaches an abnormal level.  TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES- MANILA Function, Engine Oil Temperature Gauge: Purpose, and Importance: Maintaining the correct Importance of engine oil temperature is crucial for the Some Gauges smooth operation and longevity of the and engine. Monitoring this gauge helps Instruments prevent engine damage due to overheating or inadequate lubrication.  TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES- MANILA Function, Coolant Temperature Gauge: Purpose, and Function: The coolant temperature Importance of gauge measures the temperature of the Some Gauges engine coolant/antifreeze. It provides and an indication of whether the engine is Instruments operating at the correct temperature range.  TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES- MANILA Function, Coolant Temperature Gauge: Purpose, and Purpose: This gauge ensures that the Importance of engine coolant is at the optimal Some Gauges temperature for the engine to work and efficiently. It helps detect issues like Instruments overheating, coolant leaks, or a malfunctioning cooling system.  TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES- MANILA Function, Coolant Temperature Gauge: Purpose, and Importance: Proper engine temperature Importance of is vital for engine performance and Some Gauges longevity. Monitoring the coolant and temperature gauge can help prevent Instruments engine overheating, which can lead to severe engine damage if not addressed promptly.  TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES- MANILA Function, Tachometer: Purpose, and Function: The tachometer measures Importance of the engine’s rotational speed, usually in Some Gauges revolutions per minute (RPM). It and indicates the speed at which the engine Instruments crankshaft is rotating.  TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES- MANILA Function, Tachometer: Purpose, and Purpose: The tachometer helps drivers Importance of monitor the engine’s RPM, allowing Some Gauges them to shift gears at the appropriate and time, maintain fuel efficiency, and Instruments prevent excessive engine strain.  TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES- MANILA Function, Tachometer: Purpose, and Importance: The tachometer is Importance of important for maintaining optimal Some Gauges engine performance and avoiding and potential damage by ensuring that the Instruments engine operates within its intended RPM range.  TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES- MANILA Function, Speedometer: Purpose, and Function: The speedometer measures Importance of and displays the vehicle’s speed in Some Gauges miles per hour (MPH) or kilometers per and hour (KPH). Instruments Purpose: The primary purpose of the speedometer is to provide drivers with real-time information about their current driving speed.  TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES- MANILA Function, Speedometer: Purpose, and Importance: The speedometer helps Importance of ensure adherence to speed limits, Some Gauges promotes safe driving, and prevents and potential traffic violations or accidents Instruments caused by excessive speed.  TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES- MANILA Function, Fuel Gauge: Purpose, and Function: The fuel gauge indicates the Importance of amount of fuel remaining in the Some Gauges vehicle’s fuel tank. and Instruments Purpose: This gauge provides drivers with information about their fuel levels, allowing them to plan refueling stops and avoid running out of fuel during a journey.  TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES- MANILA Function, Fuel Gauge: Purpose, and Importance: Monitoring the fuel gauge Importance of is crucial for preventing fuel depletion Some Gauges and potential vehicle breakdowns in and remote or inconvenient locations. Instruments  TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES- MANILA Function, Odometer: Purpose, and Function: The odometer is an Importance of instrument that measures the total Some Gauges distance that a vehicle has traveled and since it was first manufactured or from Instruments the last reset. Purpose: The primary purpose of the odometer is to track and display the total mileage or distance traveled by the vehicle.  TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES- MANILA Function, Odometer: Purpose, and Importance: Odometers are important Importance of for various reasons, including vehicle Some Gauges maintenance schedules, resale value, and and tracking overall vehicle usage. Instruments  TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES- MANILA Function, Ammeter: Purpose, and Function: The ammeter measures the Importance of electric current flowing through the Some Gauges vehicle’s electrical system. and Instruments Purpose: The ammeter allows drivers to monitor the charging or discharging status of the battery and the overall health of the vehicle’s electrical system.  TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES- MANILA Function, Ammeter: Purpose, and Importance: Monitoring the ammeter Importance of helps identify potential electrical issues, Some Gauges such as a failing alternator or excessive and battery drain, preventing potential Instruments breakdowns or electrical system failure.  TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES- MANILA Function, Warning Flasher: Purpose, and Function: The warning flasher, also Importance of known as the hazard flasher, is an Some Gauges instrument that activates all the turn and signal lights simultaneously, creating a Instruments flashing warning signal.  TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES- MANILA Function, Warning Flasher: Purpose, and Purpose: The warning flasher is used to Importance of indicate to other road users that there is Some Gauges a potential hazard or emergency and situation, such as a vehicle breakdown Instruments or accident.  TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES- MANILA Function, Warning Flasher: Purpose, and Importance: The warning flasher plays Importance of a crucial role in ensuring the safety of Some Gauges the driver and other road users by and providing a highly visible warning signal Instruments that alerts them to proceed with caution or be aware of the potential danger ahead. TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES- MANILA The End