Powertrain Components PDF

POWERTRAINS Powertrain – is an assembly of every component that pushes your vehicle forward. Your car’s powertrain creates power from the engine and deliver it to the wheels on the ground. The key components of powertrain include an engine, transmission, driveshaft, axles, and differential. Clutch...

POWERTRAINS Powertrain – is an assembly of every component that pushes your vehicle forward. Your car’s powertrain creates power from the engine and deliver it to the wheels on the ground. The key components of powertrain include an engine, transmission, driveshaft, axles, and differential. Clutch System – Engages and disengages engine from the transmission, enabling the driver to; Start, Stop, Idle In Neutral and Shift Gears. LOCATION OF A CLUTCH It depends the type of drive, the clutch changes its location. 1.Rear Wheel Drive (RWD) 2.Front Engine 3.Rear Engine 4.Mid Engine 5.Front wheel drive CLUTCH SYSTEM CONSTRUCTION 1.Pressure Plate- a plate in an automobile dry disk clutch that is pressed against the flywheel to transmit propulsion torque to the wheels. 2.Friction Disc-used to slow or stop the motion of drive shafts which will in turn stop the wheels from rotating. 3.Flywheel- a heavy wheel that makes an engine move smoothly by storing kinetic energy and keeping the engine at a constant speed throughout its cycle. 4.Crankshaft- is a mechanical component used in a piston engine to convert the reciprocating motion into rotational motion CLUTCH SYSTEM CONSTRUCTION 5.Pilot bearing/bushing- supports and centres the transmission input shaft and clutch disc. 6.Rear main seal- keeps oil sealed inside the rear of the engine, where the crankshaft connects with the transmission. 7.Transmission input shaft- It is responsible for transferring drive from the vehicle engine assuming engaged through the clutch system into the gearbox. 8.Bearing retainer- s the component in a ball bearing that separates the balls, maintains the balls symmetrical radial spacing, and in most cases, holds the bearings together. CLUTCH SYSTEM CONSTRUCTION 9.Release bearing- The clutch thrust bearing, also called the release or throw-out bearing, is a vital component of your car's clutch system. 10.Release fork- is critical to your clutch system and enables smooth shifting of the gears in your car. 11.Input shaft seal-to prevents fluid from slipping past the input shaft. 12.Bell Housing- a bell- shaped extension of an engine crankcase, that contains the flywheel and the clutch. 1.Pressure Plate – is a subcomponent of the transmission that designed to engage and disengage power flow between engine and transmission. COMPONENTS OF PRESSURE PLATE COVER-Steel stamping or casting that houses the clutch components and attaches to the flywheel. PRESSURE PLATE-Cast iron plate that provides a pivot fulcrum for diaphragm spring. DIAPHRAGM SPRING- A flat, Spring-steel disc compressed between the cover and pressure plate that pushed by the release bearing, engages and disengages clutch. PIVOT RING- A steel ring attached to the clutch cover that provides fulcrum for diaphragm spring DRIVE STRAPS- Flat soring-steel strips that attach the pressure plate to the clutch cover and help lift the pressure plate away from the disc to disengage the clutch. Release Fingers – a lever one end of which presses on the clutch release bearing. TWO TYPES OF PRESSURE PLATE DIAPHRAGM SPRING CLUTCH- a type of automobile clutch that uses a diaphragm spring for engagement and disengagement. COIL SPRING CLUTCH- located in the pressure-plate assembly, made of tempered- steel rods formed into a spiral that resists compression. 2.FRICTION DISC – is a critical component in providing long service life for the clutch sytem. It provides smooth engagement and dampens engine vibrations. And also can slide forward and backward on the shaft splines but cannot rotating the shaft. COMPONENTS OF FRICTION DISC HUB-FLANGE-Located between a cover plate and retainer plate, the hub is splined to fit the input shaft. TORSION SPRINGS-Located inside the damper assembly, these spring smooth engagement and dampen vibrations. IDLE-STAGE DAMPERS-they consist of small springs nested around the hub or friction washer inside the disc. FRICTION MATERIAL-Organic material riveted to wavy metal cushion segments, sometimes called marcels, which soften clutch engagement.  COMPONENTS OF FRICTION DISC 1.Friction material- substances that produce friction between solid surfaces in order to control or stop forward or backward motion. 2.Cushion segment-cushion segment connected to the first and second annular plates and including: a radially outermost edge; a slot extending into the cushion segment in a circumferential direction; a first edge connecting the slot and the radially outermost edge; and a second edge extending radially inward from the slot. 3.Stop pin 4.Friction washer-is a water high-speed cleaning machine for mixed plastics with high contamination or persistent dirt. 5.Idle damper spring (1st stage) 6.Idle damper spring (2nd stage)  COMPONENTS OF FRICTION DISC 7.Main damper spring (1st stage) 8.Main damper spring (2nd stage) 9.Hub-it is located on the vehicle as a carrier piece that is attached to the axle on the wheels of the vehicle. With the hub, we can easily understand the rotation process of the wheel in general. 10.Retainer plate- part of the internal mechanism of injection molding used to reinforce the mold and secure other internal parts such as bushings and ejector pins. 11.Cover plate- is to exert a load on the clutch disk by propelling it against the engine flywheel, thus allowing the transfer of torque from the engine to the gear and also stopping the transfer of torque during the gear changes. 12.Hub flange DISC TORSION DAMPER 1.Idle damper spring (2nd stage) 2.Idle damper spring (1st stage) 3.Cover plate 4.Main damper spring (1st stage) 5.Main damper spring (2nd stage) 6.Stop pin 7.Retainer plate 8.Friction washer 9.Hub flange 3.FLYWHEEL – A wheel attached to the engine crankshaft which rotate with it; helps smooth out the power surges from the power strokes and also serves as part of the clutch and cranking system. COMPONENTS OF FLYWHEEL Flywheel Ring Gear-A gear fitted around the flywheel, that engage by teeth on the starting- motor drive to crank the engine. Surface for friction disc Dowel Pin DUAL-MASS FLYWHEEL- Absorbs engine vibrations before they are transmitted to the driveline where they can create dear rattle. Also split into two sections; a primary section that bolts to crankshaft and secondary sections, onto which the clutch is bolted Dual-mass Flywheel 1.Primary flywheel 2.Secondary flywheel 3.Arc damper spring 4.Torque limiter 5.Ring gear 1.Ring gear-A ring gear is a gear cut on a ring- shaped rim. 2.Primary flywheel- is connected to the crankshaft of the engine. 3.Arc spring-is used to describe pre-curved or arc-shaped helical compression springs. 4.Plain bearing-is any non-rolling element bearing that is applied where two surfaces rub. together 5. Flange- used to connect pipes with each other, to valves, to fittings, and to specialty items such as strainers and pressure vessels. 6.Floating pivoted reaming holder - interchangeable pilots that are positioned at the front of the reamer 7.Primary cover (cross section)- the policy that responds first to an insured loss, either on a first-dollar basis or after allowing for a deductible. 8.Secondary wheel- These are color combinations created by the equal mixture of two primary  4.CRANKSHAFT – your engine is held to the botoom of your engine block using main caps at each of the bearings. 5.PILOT BEARING/BUSHING – Is located in the end of the crankshaft. And supports the end of transmission inputshaft and centers the disc on the flywheel. TYPES OF PILOTS BEARING/BUSHING 1.CONVENTIONAL BALL BEARINGS 2.NEEDLE BEARINGS 3.SINTERED BRONZE BUSHING 6.REAR MAIN SEAL - The rear main seal is the seal that goes around your crankshaft at the rear of the engine. 7.TRANSMISSION INPUT SHAFT - It has the same centerline as the engine crankshaft. The small end of the input shaft rides in a pilot bearing or nushing in the end of the crankshaft. Input Shaft Bearing – or also called transmission bearing supports the the other end of input shaft. 8.Bearing Retainer – Throw out bearings ride on the front bearing retainer. 9.Release bearing – Attached to the fork and slides on a bearing retainer that is attached to the front of the transmission. Ball bearing – In the release bearing enable it to turn while applying pressure to the fingers. Concentric Slave Cylinder– This unit replaces the release fork Pivot ball and bearing retainer with a single component. 10.Release Fork – It release lever with a forked end which presses on the release bearing to disengage the clutch. Pivot - a pin or shaft upon which another part rests or turns. Clutch Fork Pivot Ball – Allows the clutch fork height to be adjusted to correct clutch fork and throw-out bearing alignment. 11.Input Shaft Seal – A circural disk designed to keep transmission oil from leaking onto the clutch system. 12.Bell Housing – It covers the flywheel and the clutch of the transmission on vehicle. Clutch Pedal – Foot operated pedal that the driver pressed to disconnect the engine from the transmission. Clutch Linkage – Arrangement of mechanical and sometimes a hydraulic components. Types of linkage Cable Clutch Linkage – It operates the release bearing by movement of the clutch pork. Mechanical Clutch Linkage - Usually designed to transform a given input force and movement into a desired output force and movement. Hydraulic Clutch Linkage – Typically includes a reservoir, hydraulic line and a slave cylinder. Master Cylinder Push Rod – Transmits the movement and force of the driver from the brake pedal to master cylinder piston. Master Cylinder – Primary Component for pressurizing fluid in a hydrauilic system. – It supports a reservoir for holding fluid. Slave Cylinder – A small cylinder containing a piston which, under hydraulic pressure from a master cylinder. Electronically-Controlled Clutch – hydraulically operated controlled clutch that is electronically controlled, clutch pedal isn’t needed.