Asthma and Allergic Diseases (1) PDF

Asthma and Allergic diseases (1) Dr. Lujain M Qutub Assistant Professor of Pediatrics Fakeeh College for Medical Sciences Objectives Define asthma Enumerate risk factors of asthma Describe pathogenesis Identify the clinical features of asthma Establish di...

Asthma and Allergic diseases (1) Dr. Lujain M Qutub Assistant Professor of Pediatrics Fakeeh College for Medical Sciences Objectives Define asthma Enumerate risk factors of asthma Describe pathogenesis Identify the clinical features of asthma Establish diagnosis of asthma Describe assessment of asthma control and severity Design management plan for asthma Overview Asthma is the most common chronic respiratory disorder in childhood, and it is a significant health problem worldwide. The prevalence in different countries ranges from 1 to 18 percent. Definition It a chronic inflammatory disease of the respiratory system characterized by bronchial hyperresponsiveness, episodic exacerbation (asthma attacks), and reversible airflow obstruction It manifests with reversible cough, wheezing, and dyspnea Pathophysiology It consists of the following three pathophysiologic processes: Bronchial inflammation Bronchial hyperresponsiveness Endobronchial obstruction Pathophysiology of Asthma Pathophysiology of Asthma Clinical presentation Symptoms Signs Cough Expiratory wheeze Audible wheeze Prolonged expiratory phase Dyspnea on auscultation Hyperresonance to lung percussion Assosiated with: Examination of the chest is usually normal between attacks. personal or family history of an atopic disease positive response to asthma therapy. Assosiated with other allergic diseases: Eczema/atopic dermatitis Transverse nasal crease due to frequent itching (allergic salute), nasal polyp Triggers Viral upper respiratory tract infections cold air Dust animal dander exercise Diagnosis Comprehensive history, examination, and response to treatment. peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) Spirometry bronchodilator reversibility Allergy skin testing Treatment Optimal medical treatment of asthma includes several key components: environmental control pharmacologic therapy patient education Drugs used in asthma Controlling Factors Contributing to Asthma Severity Common reasons for poor response to asthma medications Nonadherence to the prescribed regimen. Improper inhaler technique. Ineffective drug dose or dosing interval. Complicating medical problems (eg, chronic sinusitis, vocal cord dysfunction, gastroesophageal reflux, environmental allergies) REFERENCES Nelson Essentials of Pediatrics, 8th Edition Illustrated Textbook of Pediatrics, 6th edition Thank you