Nervous Tissue Assignment PDF

Exam Name___________________________________ TRUE/FALSE. Write 'T' if the statement is true and 'F' if the statement is false. 1) Any two EPSPs will override one IPSP. 1) MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the...

Exam Name___________________________________ TRUE/FALSE. Write 'T' if the statement is true and 'F' if the statement is false. 1) Any two EPSPs will override one IPSP. 1) MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. 2) While a neuron membrane is depolarizing its ________. 2) A) sodium gates are fully open B) chloride gates are partially open C) potassium gates are fully open D) chloride gates are fully open E) sodium gates are partially open 3) Which of the following is true regarding unmyelinated nerve fibers in the PNS? 3) A) Satellite cells cluster around each axon to form a pseudo-myelin sheath. B) A Schwann cell folds its plasma membrane around several fibers. C) An oligodendrocyte cells wraps its plasma membrane around each fiber as it does with myelinated fibers. D) A Schwann cells wraps its plasma membrane around each individual fiber as it does with myelinated fibers. 4) An inhibitory local potential causes which of the following? 4) A) Depolarization of the plasma membrane B) Neutralization of the plasma membrane C) Drifting of the membrane potential towards the resting membrane potential D) Hyperpolarization of the plasma membrane E) Repolarization of the plasma membrane TRUE/FALSE. Write 'T' if the statement is true and 'F' if the statement is false. 5) Norepinephrine is a monoamine. 5) MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. 6) If a neuron is prevented from sending a neurotransmitter across a synapse to another 6) cell, which neuron property is being inhibited? A) Permeability B) Secretion C) Excitability D) Conductivity 1  7) What property of neurons allows them to respond to changes in the environment? 7) A) Excitablity B) Secretion C) Permeability D) Conductivity TRUE/FALSE. Write 'T' if the statement is true and 'F' if the statement is false. 8) Nitric oxide (NO) acts as a neuromodulator by altering synaptic function. 8) MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. 9) The respiratory center gathers information from a variety of sources in order to set the 9) rate and depth of breathing. This is an example of what type of neural circuit? A) Convergent B) Parallel after-discharge C) Divergent D) Reverberating 10) Which body system(s) is(are) dedicated to maintaining stable internal conditions by 10) detecting and responding to stimuli? A) Nervous, endocrine, and integumentary B) Endocrine C) Nervous D) Nervous and endocrine 11) Accumulation of Ca2+ in the axon terminal is called ________, and probably plays an 11) important role in ________. A) neural coding; short-term memory - B) postsynaptic potential; long-term memory C) long-term potentiation; long-term memory D) synaptic facilitation; short-term memory - E) neural coding; immediate memory 12) What is the most common type of neuron? 12) A) Unipolar B) Bipolar C) Dendritic D) Multipolar E) Anaxonic 13) In which part of a neuron is the postsynaptic membrane usually found? 13) A) Dendrite B) Axon collateral C) Axon D) Axon terminal E) Perikaryon 2 14) A cholinergic synapse uses ________ as its neurotransmitter. 14) A) catecholamine B) monoamine C) acetylcholine D) epinephrine E) norepinephrine 15) When the voltage of a plasma membrane shifts from +35 mV towards 0 mV, the cell is 15) ________. A) reaching the threshold B) exiting the threshold C) depolarizing D) hyperpolarizing E) repolarizing 16) Place the following events in synaptic transmission at a cholinergic synapse in order: 16) A - A postsynaptic potential is produced; B - Voltage gated calcium channels open and calcium enters the cell; C - ACh is released and diffuses across the axon terminal; D - A nerve signal arrives at an axon terminal; E - Ligand gated sodium channels open and sodium enters the cell. A) B, D, C, A, E B) D, B, E, A, C C) B, C, D, E, A D) D, B, C, E, A 17) If the potassium leak channels were suddenly blocked in a resting neuron, what would 17) happen to its resting membrane potential? A) It would hyperpolarize. B) It would become more positive. C) The RMP would be unaffected. D) It would become more negative. 18) How does a neuron transport enzymes produced in the neurosoma to its axon terminals? 18) A) Through co-transport B) Via cytoplasmic streaming C) By diffusion D) Along microtubules 19) A traveling wave of excitation is known as a(n) ________. 19) A) nerve signal B) depolarizing signal C) local potential D) graded potential E) action potential 3  20) What type of neural circuit is best for producing a prolonged output? 20) A) A converging circuit B) A diverging circuit C) A presynaptic pool D) An autonomic pool E) A reverberating circuit TRUE/FALSE. Write 'T' if the statement is true and 'F' if the statement is false. 21) In a myelinated fiber, only the initial segment in the trigger zone has voltage-regulated 21) channels. MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. 22) What is another name for the autonomic nervous system? 22) A) Visceral motor division B) Central nervous system C) Somatic sensory division D) Somatic motor division E) Visceral sensory division TRUE/FALSE. Write 'T' if the statement is true and 'F' if the statement is false. 23) Memories are formed by neural pathways of modified synapses. 23) MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. 24) Some antidepressant drugs act by inhibiting monoamine oxidase (MAO). What is the 24) function of this enzyme? A) It converts ATP to cyclic AMP. B) It degrades acetylcholine. C) It breaks down monoamines. D) It blocks sodium channels. E) It binds to chloride gates. & 25) During the absolute refractory period which of the following is true? 25) A) No stimulus of any strength will trigger a new action potential. B) The signal grows weaker with distance. C) If a neuron reaches threshold, the action potential goes to completion. D) It is possible to trigger a new action potential, but only with an unusually strong stimulus. E) The neuron fires at its maximum voltage if a stimulus depolarizes the neuron to threshold. 4 26) Which of these is an example of an EPSP in a typical neuron? 26) A) A voltage change from -70 mV to -70.5 mV B) A voltage change from -69.5 mV to -70 mV C) A voltage change from +35 mV to 0 mV D) A voltage change from 0 mV to +0.35 mV E) A voltage change from -70 mV to -69.5 mV 27) Which cells form myelin in the spinal cord? 27) A) Astrocytes B) Schwann cells C) Microglia D) Satellite cells E) Oligodendrocytes 28) Where do most local potentials form in a neuron? 28) A) The neurosomas B) The dendrites C) The axon hillock D) The trigger zone E) The Schwann cells 29) Which of these happens first in an cholinergic synaptic transmission? 29) A) Acetylcholine diffuses across the synaptic cleft B) The synaptic vesicles release acetylcholine C) Sodium enters the postsynaptic cell D) A postsynaptic potential is produced E) Acetylcholine binds to ligand-regulated gates 30) Local potentials are ________, meaning they vary in magnitude according to the 30) strength of the stimulus. A) excitatory B) graded C) self propagating D) stabile E) inhibitory 31) Which of these does not contribute to the cessation of the signal in a synaptic 31) transmission? A) Synaptic vesicles secrete neurotransmitter by exocytosis. B) Neurotransmitter escapes from the synapse into the nearby extracellular fluid. C) The axon terminal reabsorbs some neurotransmitters by endocytosis. D) Neurotransmitters are no longer released. E) Enzymes in the postsynaptic cell break down some neurotransmitters. 5  32) In order to regenerate, a peripheral nerve fiber must have which of the following? 32)E A) At least half the length of the fiber intact B) At least part of the neurosoma intact C) All dendrites intact D) At least the entire axon and neurilemma intact E) The neurosoma and at least some neurilemma intact & 33) Most metabolic and regulatory functions in a neuron happen where? 33) A) The dendrites B) The Schwann cell C) The axon D) The neurosoma E) The axon hillock 34) In PNS nerve fiber regeneration, how is a growing axon directed to its original 34) destination? A) Injured Schwann cells produce a trail of prostaglandins to the original destination. B) It grows within a regeneration tube. ↑ C) The axon grows a collateral that is directed by growth factors secreted by the postsynaptic neuron. D) The axonal terminals grow towards the neurosoma until the two severed fragments are reunited. 35) Which of the following are effectors? 35) A) Glands B) Reflexes C) Stimuli D) Sense organs E) Receptors TRUE/FALSE. Write 'T' if the statement is true and 'F' if the statement is false. 36) An action potential never occurs in dendrites. 36) 37) Ependymal cells line the inner cavities of the CNS. 37) 38) The nervous system employs exclusively electrical means to send messages, whereas 38) the endocrine system communicates by means of chemical messengers. 6 MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. 39) Even though all action potentials are the same, the brain can differentiate a variety of 39) stimuli by source and intensity. The mechanism by which the nervous system converts these action potentials into meaningful information is called neural ________. A) recruitment B) facilitation C) pooling D) coding E) integration 40) Which of the following ions has the greatest influence on the resting membrane 40) potential? A) Calcium B) Chloride C) Phosphate D) Sodium E) Potassium 41) What is the primary site on a neuron for receiving signals from other neurons? 41) A) The dendrites B) The axon collaterals C) The neurosomas D) The axon terminals E) The axons TRUE/FALSE. Write 'T' if the statement is true and 'F' if the statement is false. 42) Neurons move material away from the neurosoma by retrograde transport. 42) MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. 43) The ________ division carries signals to the smooth muscle in the large intestine. 43) A) visceral sensory B) somatic motor C) afferent D) somatic sensory E) visceral motor TRUE/FALSE. Write 'T' if the statement is true and 'F' if the statement is false. 44) In the brain, neurons are more abundant than neuroglia. 44) 7  45) Most neurons have multiple dendrites. 45) MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. 46) What would be the best explanation for why myelinated fibers conduct signals faster 46) than unmyelinated fibers? A) Facilitated diffusion of sodium and potassium is faster in myelinated fibers. B) Diffusion of ions along the axoplasm is faster. C) There are more internodes in unmyelinated fibers. D) There are no internodes in unmyelinated fibers. E) Active transport of sodium and potassium is faster in myelinated fibers. 47) Local potentials are ________, whereas action potentials are ________. 47) A) nondecremental; decremental B) self-propagating; local C) produced by voltage-regulated channels; produced by gated channels D) graded; all or none E) irreversible; reversible TRUE/FALSE. Write 'T' if the statement is true and 'F' if the statement is false. 48) When a neuron is stimulated, Na+ gates open and allow Na+ to exit the cell. 48) S MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. 49) A neuron can receive thousands of EPSPs from different neurons, and responds by 49) triggering or not triggering an action potential. This addition and response to the net effect of postsynaptic potentials is called ________. A) neuronal coding B) spatial summation C) temporal summation D) recruitment E) neural summation 50) Place the following events of synaptic transmission at an adrenergic synapse in order: 50) A - ATP is converted to cAMP B - The cell's metabolism is altered C - G protein binds adenylate cylase D - The G protein dissociates E - NE binds the receptor A) D, E, C, A, B B) E, D, A, C, B C) D, E, A, C, B D) E, D, C, A, B 8 51) Which neurotransmitter excites skeletal muscle and inhibits cardiac muscle? 51) A) -endorphin B) Dopamine C) Histamine D) Norepinephrine E) Acetylcholine 52) Which of the following will cause the plasma membrane to hyperpolarize when at its 52) RMP? A) An inflow of potassium B) An inflow of chloride C) An outflow of chloride D) An inflow of sodium E) An inflow of calcium 53) The term "nerve fiber" refers to a(n) ________. 53) A) axon B) organ C) organelle in nerve cells D) nerve cell E) bundle of macromolecules in nerve cells 54) All of the following are typical characteristics of neurotransmitters except ________. 54) A) they alter the physiology of the postsynaptic cell B) they bind to specific receptors on the postsynaptic cell C) they are released into the bloodstream before reaching the postsynaptic cell D) they are synthesized by a presynaptic neuron E) they are released in response to stimulation 55) Inhibitory postsynaptic potentials (IPSPs) are associated with which of the following? 55) A) No change in the cell membrane potential B) No change of the threshold C) Depolarization of the cell membrane D) Hyperpolarization of the cell membrane E) Repolarization of the cell membrane 9 56) Parkinson disease is a progressive loss of motor function due to the degeneration of 56) specific neurons. These neurons secrete an inhibitory neurotransmitter that prevents excessive activity in motor centers of the brain. What neurotransmitter is this? A) Dopamine B) Serotonin C) Acetylcholine D) GABA E) Glutamate 57) Conduction of a nerve impulse would be the fastest in which of the following? 57) A) A small fiber with multiple Schwann cells B) A small diameter myelinated fiber C) A large diameter myelinated fiber D) A large unmyelinated fiber E) A small unmyelinated fiber 58) A myelin sheath is composed primarily of ________. 58) A) carbohydrates B) lipids C) polysaccharides D) proteins E) glycoproteins 59) In a neuron, the opening of sodium gates typically leads to ________. 59) A) repolarization of the plasma membrane B) depolarization of the plasma membrane C) hyperpolarization of the plasma membrane D) drifting of plasma membrane voltage toward a more negative value E) plasma membrane voltage returning to the resting membrane potential 60) What is the opposite of presynaptic inhibition? 60) A) Integration B) Recruitment C) Facilitation D) Coding E) Summation 10 Answer Key Testname: UNTITLED1 1) FALSE 2) A 3) B 4) D 5) TRUE 6) B 7) A 8) TRUE 9) A 10) D 11) D 12) D 13) A & 14) C 15) E 16) D 17) B 18) D 19) A 20) E 21) FALSE 22) A 23) TRUE 24) C 25) A 26) E 27) E 28) B 29) B 30) B 31) A 32) E 33) D 34) B 35) A 36) TRUE 37) TRUE 38) FALSE 39) D 40) E 41) A 42) FALSE 11 Answer Key Testname: UNTITLED1 43) E 44) FALSE 45) TRUE 46) B 47) D 48) FALSE 49) B 50) D 51) E 52) B 53) A 54) C 55) D 56) A 57) C 58) B 59) B 60) C 12