Waves AS Level PDF

Waves Progressive wave can transfer energy. Types Particle oscillation is Particle oscillation is parallel to wave energy perpendicular to wave energy direction. direction. Transverse waves...

Waves Progressive wave can transfer energy. Types Particle oscillation is Particle oscillation is parallel to wave energy perpendicular to wave energy direction. direction. Transverse waves Longitudinal waves Parallel Perpendicular  Amplitude (A) is the maximum displacement. The unit is the metre (m). Displacement- distance graph Wavelength (λ) is the distance between two adjacent wavefronts.The unit is the metre (m). Wavefront  Frequency (f) of a wave is the number of complete oscillations of a particle in the wave per unit time. The unit is the hertz (Hz). Displacement – time graph Period (T) is the time taken for one complete oscillation. The unit is the second (s). Measuring  Amplitude Cathode ray oscilloscope screen Time base B B Moving direction at one point A Wave speed Wave motion speed. distance moved by wave wave speed = time taken λ v= = fλ T Unit: m/s C Types of waves 1. Wave can be transferred forwards. 2. Energy can be transferred. Progressive waves Stationary waves Energy of the wave Intensity The intensity of a wave is defined as the rate of energy transmitted (power) per unit area at right angles to the wave velocity. power intensity = area Unit: W/m2 intensity ∝ amplitude2 1 intensiy ∝ distance2 B A D  Wavelength Period Basic term Amplitude Frequency Wave speed The quantities at a real wave Crest Equilibrium position Trough  The quantities at a real wave Compression Rarefaction Phase Phase Phase difference 𝐜𝐡𝐚𝐧𝐠𝐞 𝐢𝐧 𝐭𝐢𝐦𝐞 × 𝟐𝛑 𝐩𝐞𝐫𝐢𝐨𝐝 𝐜𝐡𝐚𝐧𝐠𝐞 𝐢𝐧 𝐥𝐞𝐧𝐠𝐭𝐡 × 𝟐𝛑 𝐰𝐚𝐯𝐞𝐥𝐞𝐧𝐠𝐭𝐡 Phase difference In phase Exactly out of phase 0˚ 180˚ 360˚ B