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The Articles of Confederatio n 1777 TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, WE THE UNDERSIGNED D E L E G AT E S O F T H E S TAT E S A F F I X E D TO OUR NAMES SEND GREETING © Crystal Whitaker, 2022 ARTICLES OF CONFEDERATION—1777 • On June 11, 1776, Congress resolved that a committee should be...

The Articles of Confederatio n 1777 TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, WE THE UNDERSIGNED D E L E G AT E S O F T H E S TAT E S A F F I X E D TO OUR NAMES SEND GREETING © Crystal Whitaker, 2022 ARTICLES OF CONFEDERATION—1777 • On June 11, 1776, Congress resolved that a committee should be appointed to form a confederation to be entered between the Colonies of the States; New Hampshire, Massachusetts Bay, Rhode Island and Providence Plantations, Connecticut, New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Delaware, Maryland, Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina and Georgia. • On the 15 th day of November 1777, a copy of the confederation was written with amendments made in diction, that would not alter its meaning, and was agreed upon. • Additionally, Congress wanted the articles to be considered by all the States and delegates authorized to send a copy to each State for ratification. • All 13 Colony States eventually ratified the Articles of Confederation, with Maryland being the last to ratify on January 30, 1781. • March 2, 1781, Congress assembled under new powers, the Articles of Confederation. The articles were written two years after the Declaration of Independence, July 4, 1776. The Articles were not perfect but established a union between the 13 States. • This is the first offi cial document that was written after the Declaration of Independence and the start of the American Revolution. This document defined the united States as a government. • The Articles of Confederation solidified the colonies need for a common defense which had been at the forefront of their minds since their landing in 1643 , and the founding of the first colonial union, the New England Confederation. • The Articles of Confederation created enough structure for the colonies to figure out the requirements to run a government on their own. • However, this too would not last. The Articles States Sovereignty • By signing the Articles of Confederation, the delegates agreed to a permanent union of the states, calling it the United States. The new government that was formed was called a confederacy,. Each state would maintain their sovereignty. Any powers not delegated to Congress, would be maintained by the states. • The idea was that the nation states would join for a mutual cause; defense of our liberties, our welfare, against all forces that would seek to attack those liberties; ie. religion, freedom, trade, or anything else. • Interstate Relations The article addresses the relationship between the states. Each state formed a “friendship” with each other. This helped solidify the states’ ability to provide for the common defense. • Everyone has the same standing regardless of their circumstances. That included travel among the states. However, if someone committed a felony, and fled to another state, the receiving state was duty bound to deliver the fugitive to the state who held jurisdiction. • There was to be Full faith and credit between states. Meaning the states must recognize and support the laws, judgements, and decisions that effect that states population. • Much like a common law court’s decision, the evidence can not be reexamined, and the judgement stands. (The Seventh Amendment) Delegates •States chose their representatives to serve at the beginning of November. •There is a minimum of two members, but no more than seven members per state. • If the delegate is called home someone is sent to replace him. •No delegate can serve more than three years in a six-year period. •Nor can they hold any office under the united States and receive a salary, fees or emolument of any kind. Nobility Clause • No state shall grant any titles of nobility. • No states can enter a treaty with a king, prince or foreign state, without the consent of Congress. • No state shall demand a fee or duty that interferes with a treaty the the united States has with a king, prince or foreign state. Defense • No vessels of war may be kept in a time of peace, except what is deemed necessary by Congress. • No state shall engage in war without the consent of Congress. • Common Defense-States can only request lower officers with the permission of the legislature, and vacancies must fill by the state requesting them. • All financial charges of war will be met by the treasury for the common dense of states. Powers of Congress • Determine times of war and peace. • Sending and receiving ambassadors. • Enter treaties and alliances with foreign nations. • Allow private ships to attack enemy ships at sea. • Resolve conflicts between states. • The amount (value) of precious metals in coins, their face value. • The standard of weights and measures. • Authority over trade with Indians (nonresidents) as long as Congress does not infringe on the right of the states. • Establish post offices and fees in each state. • Appoints officers in the Army and Navy by state and regulates these branches and has sole power over them. Powers of Congress Cont. • Create the Committee of States to serve when Congress is not in session; one from each state. • Create committees and civil offi cers when needed to manage affairs of the US. • Appoint a president. • Determine how much money is need to operate the united States (borrow or lend and report every six months). • Decide how many military forces are needed according to state’s population. • Appoint regiment offi cers, organize and equip soldiers, and coordinate troop movement. Other Provisions • When Congress is not in session, the Committee of States has the full authority to act in its place and grant additional powers if nine (9) states agree. However, this is not true if Congress is in session. • If Canada choses independence, they can join the union and receive full sovereignty equal to the 13 states. No other colony other than Canada can receive this offer unless nine states agree to extend it. • The united States agrees to take on the financial responsibility for the money borrowed to fund the American Revolution, it is a solemn pledge to repay the debt. Pledge and Perpetual Union • That each state must accept and agree to the terms set forth in the Articles of Confederation. • That no alterations can be made without the expressed agreement of Congress and confirmed by each state’s legislature. • That each delegate who signed the Articles of Confederation, is responsible for making sure that their state agrees to the rules lined out in the Articles and agrees to not violate the union that was created. The Articles of Confederation were ratified on January 30, 1781

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