Art Appreciation 2nd Midterm 2024 PDF

Art Appreciation 4 BASIC RELATIONSHIP OF ARTS | FUNCTION OF ART | VISUAL ARTS | COLORS | PERFORMING ARTS | THEATRE ARTS | PHILIPPINE THEATER PSYCH | SECOND SEMESTER | 2024 4 BASIC RELATIONSHIP OF ARTS Non-...

Art Appreciation 4 BASIC RELATIONSHIP OF ARTS | FUNCTION OF ART | VISUAL ARTS | COLORS | PERFORMING ARTS | THEATRE ARTS | PHILIPPINE THEATER PSYCH | SECOND SEMESTER | 2024 4 BASIC RELATIONSHIP OF ARTS Non- ▪ Does not include Figurative recognizable figures; Subject Matter often found in abstract or conceptual art. ▪ Themes, Topics, or Elements that an artwork represents or focuses on. Universal ▪ Broad themes such as love, death, nature, or Imitation spirituality that resonate Depiction with a wide audience. Representation Examples: ▪ "Last Supper" by Da Representational ▪ The subject matter is Vinci - Spirituality easily identifiable, depicting real-world objects, figures, or Personal ▪ The subject matter scenes (e.g., landscapes, reflects the artist's portraits, still lifes). individual experiences, emotions, or identity. Abstract ▪ The subject matter may Example: not resemble anything ▪ FELIX RESURECCION from the real world, HIDALGO - Self Portrait focusing instead on shapes, colors, and Symbolism ▪ Many artworks include textures. symbolic elements that carry deeper meanings, often tied to cultural, Examples: ▪ “Fruit in Porcelain” by religious, or philosophical JACOB VAN ES (Still ideas. Life) ▪ "Starry Night" by VAN GOGH Cultural and ▪ Subject matter often ▪ "Figures at the Sea Historical reflects the time and Side" by PABLO Influences place of its creation, PICASO including social issues, ▪ PORTRAIT- FERNANDO political movements, or AMORSOLO prevailing cultural beliefs. Examples: Figurative ▪ Includes recognizable ▪ "The Blood Compact: by figures, whether human, Juan Luna animal, or mythical. ▪ "Filipino Struggles Through History" by Example: Carlos Botong Francisco ▪ "RIZAL MONUMENT" by ▪ "Tinikling" by Fernando Richard Kissling Amorsolo ▪ Pegasus Art Appreciation 4 BASIC RELATIONSHIP OF ARTS | FUNCTION OF ART | VISUAL ARTS | COLORS | PERFORMING ARTS | THEATRE ARTS | PHILIPPINE THEATER PSYCH | SECOND SEMESTER | 2024 Interaction with the Viewer Medium- ▪ The medium of the Specific artwork (painting, ▪ Some subject matters invite direct Considerations sculpture, digital art, engagement, encouraging viewers to think, etc.) can influence the question, or interpret (e.g., surreal or nature of the subject conceptual art). matter. CREATOR For instance, AUDIENCE FORM ▪ Painting: Landscapes, portraits, historical scenes. Creativity ▪ The ability to think ▪ Photography: Everyday and outside the box and moments, urban Imagination generate original ideas. environments. ▪ Sculpture: Abstract ▪ Expression: Artists often forms, monumental see possibilities where subjects. others see limitations and ▪ Digital Art: Technology, use their imagination to futuristic themes. craft something entirely new. Dynamic ▪ Captures motion, energy, or change (e.g., a stormy Passion and ▪ Definition: A deep sea, a dancer in motion). Dedication commitment to their art and a strong drive to Example: express themselves. ▪ "Ballet Rehearsal" by EDGAR DEGAS - ▪ Expression: Artists are DANCE IN MOTION often motivated by an intrinsic love for their craft and a desire to perfect. Static ▪ Depicts stillness or stability (e.g., a bowl of fruit, a serene Observational ▪ Definition: A keen ability landscape). Skills to notice details in their surroundings. Example: ▪ "Fruits in Porcelain" - ▪ Expression: Artists Still Life observe the world with heightened sensitivity, noticing nuances in light, Emotional ▪ The subject matter can color, form, and texture. Tone evoke a range of emotions, from joy and serenity to sadness and ▪ Definition: A heightened fear, depending on how it Emotional Sensitivity awareness of their own is portrayed. emotions and the emotions of others. Example: ▪ Sadness ▪ Expression: This ▪ Depicting Emotion sensitivity allows artists Art Appreciation 4 BASIC RELATIONSHIP OF ARTS | FUNCTION OF ART | VISUAL ARTS | COLORS | PERFORMING ARTS | THEATRE ARTS | PHILIPPINE THEATER PSYCH | SECOND SEMESTER | 2024 ▪ to channel complex Communication ▪ Definition: The ability to Skills express ideas, emotions, feelings into their work, creating pieces that or concepts through resonate emotionally with visual, auditory, or others. physical mediums. ▪ Expression: Art serves Open- ▪ Definition: Willingness to as a language through Mindedness explore new ideas, which artists perspectives, and communicate messages techniques. that might be difficult to convey with words alone. ▪ Expression: Artists often experiment with different styles, mediums, and Adaptability ▪ Definition: Flexibility in themes, embracing responding to new change and growth. trends, tools, and circumstances. Persistence ▪ Definition: The ability to ▪ Expression: Artists and overcome challenges, adapt to changing criticism, or setbacks. environments and Resilience incorporate new ▪ Expression: Artists show technologies or determination in refining methodologies into their their craft, learning from work. failure, and pushing through creative blocks. Audience or ▪ They bring their Viewer perspectives, emotions, Strong Work ▪ Definition: Dedication to and interpretations to the Ethic practice and continual artwork. improvement. ▪ Expression: Whether Curiosity ▪ Definition: A willingness through structured and to explore and appreciate training or self-discipline, Open- diverse forms, styles, and artists invest time and themes of art. Mindedness effort into developing their skills. ▪ Expression: Viewers often approach art with a sense of wonder, seeking Curiosity ▪ Definition: A deep to uncover meaning or and interest in exploring the understand the artist’s unknown and reflecting intention. Introspection on personal experiences. ▪ Expression: Artists often Emotional ▪ Definition: The ability to Responsiveness connect emotionally with question norms, investigate ideas, and an artwork. use their introspection to inform their work. ▪ Expression: Art often evokes feelings such as Art Appreciation 4 BASIC RELATIONSHIP OF ARTS | FUNCTION OF ART | VISUAL ARTS | COLORS | PERFORMING ARTS | THEATRE ARTS | PHILIPPINE THEATER PSYCH | SECOND SEMESTER | 2024 Qualities of Arts ▪ joy, sadness, awe, or nostalgia, depending on ▪ It has aesthetic sense of value the viewer’s personal ▪ It is universal experiences and ▪ It is timeless sensitivities. ▪ It is unique ▪ It impact mind and soul ▪ It uses human intervention Cultural and ▪ Definition: The viewer’s ▪ It has creative intention Personal background, including ▪ It is appreciated Context their culture, values, and ▪ It convey and express heal experiences, shapes their interpretation of art. Art Criticism ▪ Expression: A viewer ▪ It is an act of responding to an art from a specific cultural or ▪ A way of giving interpretation historical context might ▪ An act giving meaning interpret symbolism or ▪ Creating critical judgement themes differently from someone with another TO A WORK OF ART or ART WORK background. BARRET’S PRINCIPLES OF INTERPRETATION Critical ▪ Definition: The ability to Thinking and analyze and evaluate the technical, thematic, and 1. Art work has aboutness (focus) (Intended Analysis meaning) symbolic aspects of art. ▪ Expression: Audiences 2. Interpretation are persuasive argument may critique the composition, technique, 3. Some interpretation are better than others or message of an artwork, often comparing 4. Good interpretation focus on the art rather it to other works or artistic than the critic traditions. 5. Feelings are guide for interpretation 6. There will be contradicting interpretation Forms of Arts 7. Interpretation is based on world view Painting Sculpture 8. Interpretation are not absolutely correct Architecture Literature 9. Interpretation are judged based on Music coherence Theatre Cinema 10. Correspondence and inclusiveness FUNCTION OF ART 11. An artwork is not necessarily what the artist APPRECIATIVE FUNCTION wanted it to be IMAGINATIVE & CREATIVE FUNCTION COMMUNICATIVE & EXPRESSIVE 12. The critic is not the spokesperson of artist FUNCTION THERAPEUTIC FUNCTION 13. Interpretation ought to present the best of the PERSONAL SOCIAL FUNCTION work Art Appreciation 4 BASIC RELATIONSHIP OF ARTS | FUNCTION OF ART | VISUAL ARTS | COLORS | PERFORMING ARTS | THEATRE ARTS | PHILIPPINE THEATER PSYCH | SECOND SEMESTER | 2024 14. The object of interpretation are the artwork not the artist ▪ Is defined as a narrow Line mark made by a brush, or 15. Art is all about the world a line created where two objects or elements 16. Art is part of other arts meet. It defines the subject of paintings and 17. There is no single interpretation of arts helps us imply things such as movement. 18. The meaning of artwork may be different from significance Shape ▪ Is an enclosed area that 19. Good interpretation allow us to see ourselves is made when lines meet. Shapes may be VISUAL ARTS either geometric or organic. The former are ▪ The term visual arts encompasses several the triangles, squares, different art forms, including both fine arts, and circles we’re all such as drawing, painting, photography, and familiar with. The latter sculpture, as well as handicrafts, such as are those shapes that are basketry, ceramics, textiles, and jewelry. not well-defined or those found in nature. ▪ The visual arts are art forms such as painting, drawing, printmaking, sculpture, ceramics, photography, video, Space (or ▪ Is another crucial filmmaking, design, crafts and architecture. volume) element in any art and it can be used to great ▪ The visual arts are art forms such as effect in paintings. When painting, drawing, printmaking, sculpture, talking about space in ceramics, photography, video, filmmaking, art, we think of the design, crafts and architecture. balance between positive and negative space. ▪ Performing arts, conceptual art, and textile ▪ Positive space is the arts also involve aspects of visual arts. subject itself while the negative space is the Elements of Painting area of a painting around it. Color (or ▪ is at the heart of every Texture ▪ Can be interpreted as a hue) painting. It is arguably pattern within the the most important painting or the element because it sets brushstrokes themselves. the tone for how viewers feel about the work. Composition ▪ Is the arrangement of the painting. Where you Tone or ▪ It is, essentially, how light place the subject, how Value or dark a paint is when the background elements you strip away the color. support it, and every little piece that you add to the canvas becomes part of the composition. Art Appreciation 4 BASIC RELATIONSHIP OF ARTS | FUNCTION OF ART | VISUAL ARTS | COLORS | PERFORMING ARTS | THEATRE ARTS | PHILIPPINE THEATER PSYCH | SECOND SEMESTER | 2024 Example: Direction ▪ A vertical canvas can work better than a Michelangelo the thinker horizontal one for certain Michelangelo statue of David subjects and vice versa. Guilermo Tolentino - UP Oblation ▪ Direction may also be Guilermo Tolentino - Bonifacio Monument used to refer to The lady of EDSA perspective. Where you Wood carving place objects or how Food carving they're used in proportion Ice sculpture to others can direct a Steel sculpture viewer through the art. Metal sculpture Glass sculpture Sand sculpture Forms of Painting Sculptural Process ▪ ADDITIVE - unwanted materials are cut or move ▪ A mural is any piece of away Murals artwork painted or applied directly on a wall, ▪ SUBTRACTIVE ceiling. - construction of figure by them together Principles of Sculptural Design Miniature ▪ A replica of something) of a much smaller size than ▪ Orientation normal; very small - To create a sense of harmony (or disharmony) in the sculpture itself, or between parts of it, or between the Composition ▪ “Putting together” sculpture and the viewer, or between the sculpture and its surroundings ▪ Proportion Distance ▪ A form of painting makes - How sculptors handle proportionality object appeared in varies considerably. Some observed distant place. hierarchic non-naturalistic canons of proportion other sculptors have followed more naturalistic but equally iconometric Easel ▪ It’s like a tripod used in rules of proportion. the creation of painting. ▪ Scale - This refers, for example, to the need to Sculpture create a sculpture in tune with the scale of its surroundings. ▪ The art of making three-dimensional representative or abstract forms, especially ▪ Articulation by carving stone or wood or by casting metal - This describes how sculptural figures or plaster. (and other forms) are jointed:, either how ▪ It uses objects like glass, metal, ice, wood, the differing parts of a body merge in a marble, clay, wax and different object put single form, or how separate sections together. come together. ▪ Materials may be carved, sewn, cast, molded, assembled, shape or combined. Art Appreciation 4 BASIC RELATIONSHIP OF ARTS | FUNCTION OF ART | VISUAL ARTS | COLORS | PERFORMING ARTS | THEATRE ARTS | PHILIPPINE THEATER PSYCH | SECOND SEMESTER | 2024 ▪ Balance ▪ Portrait Photography - It involves two principal matters. The - Portraiture is arguably one of the most sculptural body must be physically stable popular types of photography. and the statue must project a sense of dynamic or static equilibrium. Still Life Photography Landscape Photography ELEMENTS OF SCULPTURE Travel Photography Pet Photography Food Photography Sports Photography ▪ Refers to the bulk of Wildlife Photography Mass sculpture. Macro Photography Event Photography Space ▪ The air around the solid Film Making structure. ▪ Filmmakers make moving images that they turn into films. Surface ▪ Whether the sculpture is in convex or concave , ▪ It is a very expensive and complicated form flat , modelled, colored or of art, involving many tasks, for example uncolored. scriptwriting, casting, and editing film sequences before they can be shown to an audience. Drawing COLORS & MEANING ▪ Is a means of making an image, illustration or graphic using any of a wide variety of tools and techniques available online and offline. Red ▪ Passion, Love, Anger ▪ It generally involves making marks on a surface by applying pressure from a tool, or moving a tool across a surface using dry media such as graphite pencils, pen and ink, Orange ▪ Energy, Happiness, inked brushes, wax color pencils, crayons, Vitality charcoals, pastels, and markers. SAMPLE OF DRAWING Yellow ▪ Happiness, Hope, Deceit This "fine drawing was made by Dr. Rizal during his sojourn in Berlin in 1886. Green ▪ New Beginnings, The baptism of two brothers - Rizal is Abundance, Nature regarded by many as the “Father of Philippine Comics” because of some humorous illustrations he made in Germany. ▪ Calm, Responsible, Blue Photography Sadness ▪ Is the process of making pictures by means of the action of light. The light patterns Purple ▪ Creativity, Royalty, reflected or emitted from objects are Wealth recorded onto a sensitive medium or storage chip through a timed exposure. Black ▪ Mystery, Elegance, Evil ▪ Photography is making pictures by letting light through the lenses of a camera onto a film. Art Appreciation 4 BASIC RELATIONSHIP OF ARTS | FUNCTION OF ART | VISUAL ARTS | COLORS | PERFORMING ARTS | THEATRE ARTS | PHILIPPINE THEATER PSYCH | SECOND SEMESTER | 2024 Gray ▪ Moody, Conservative, Complementary ▪ Are any two colors that Formality Colors are directly opposite each other such as yellow and purple. These Primary ▪ Red, Yellow, and Blue opposing colors create Colors maximum contrast. ▪ Primary colors are the colors that can't be mixed or formed by any PERFORMING ARTS combination of other colors. All other colors ▪ Performing arts are creative activities are made from these presented before an audience on stage and three hues. in open places. When heard and seen simultaneously, these arts become combined arts. Secondary ▪ Green, Orange, and Purple ▪ The performing arts include music, dance, Colors theatre arts (play or drama), and literature. ▪ These are the colors created by mixing two Music primary colors together. ▪ Music is an art. Culture is reflected in art. The more music a man knows, the more cultured ▪ Yellow-orange, red- he becomes. Music deals with sounds. The Tertiary orange, red-purple, blue- mediums of music are: vocal and Colors instrumental music. purple, blue-green, and yellow-green Vocal Music ▪ These are the colors ▪ Vocal music is the oldest and most cultural created by mixing a forms of music. primary and a secondary color. ▪ Voice is produced by the vibrations of the the vocal chords in the voice box. Since the sound produced by these vibrations is not Warm ▪ Are made with orange, loud enough to be heard, resonators (lungs, Colors red, yellow, and esophagus, head, and mouth cavities) are combinations of these. needed to increase it’s volume. Warm colors remind us of sunlight and heat. Correct Posture Cool ▪ Such as blue, green, and ▪ Standing correctly allows the air in the blue-purple remind us of different body cavities to vibrate and flow Colors water and sky. fully. Keeping one foot forward will help maintain body balance. When seated while singing, keep your back away from the chair Analogous ▪ Are any three colors that in a rising position. Colors are side by side on a 12- part color wheel. The Correct Breathing example shows yellow, yellow-orange, and ▪ The quality and volume of the voice depends orange. upon breathing. Diaphragmatic breathing is Art Appreciation 4 BASIC RELATIONSHIP OF ARTS | FUNCTION OF ART | VISUAL ARTS | COLORS | PERFORMING ARTS | THEATRE ARTS | PHILIPPINE THEATER PSYCH | SECOND SEMESTER | 2024 advisable, which, as the name implies, is breathing supported by the diapghram. Mezzo-soprano Correct Placement of the Voice - medium high in tonal quality Lyric soprano ▪ To prevent throat singing and develop good - less high and flute-like. It is tone quality, never force out the voice. suited for sweet songs like Project the voice upward towards the head to melodies. improve tonal quality. Correct Diction Alto or ▪ The tone is richer and ▪ Good diction includes correct pronunciation, contralto fuller. clean enunciation, and distinct articulation. Correct Interpretation Classification of Vocal Music ▪ How a singer makes use of his face, eyes, hands, and other parts of the body assists his Opera ▪ Drama set to music with voice in conveying the meaning of the song. action, costume, and scenery. It consists of Short vocal forms include: overture, arias, recitative, ensemble, and 1) Folk songs chorus. 2) Art songs 3) Kundiman Cantata ▪ A story told in music 4) Balitaw without action. It is a 5) Danza habanera smaller version of the 6) Anthem oratorio and may be 7) Motet secular or religious. 8) Madrigal 9) Ballad Oratorio ▪ A form of dramatic music 10) Chorale also consisting of an 11) Round / cannon overture, arias, 12) Area recitative, and ensemble based on biblical stories Voice Classification or contemplative characters. Women’s Voices Moro-moro ▪ A Philippine drama set to music that depicts Christian and non- Soprano ▪ Tone is lighter in Christian conflicts. character, less somber, and frequently more flexible. Men’s Voices It is broken down into: Tenor ▪ The highest type in men’s voices. Coloratura soprano - highest and lightest of all voices. Art Appreciation 4 BASIC RELATIONSHIP OF ARTS | FUNCTION OF ART | VISUAL ARTS | COLORS | PERFORMING ARTS | THEATRE ARTS | PHILIPPINE THEATER PSYCH | SECOND SEMESTER | 2024 Examples: ▪ Lies between tenor o Violin Baritone and bass. o Viola o String bass o Violoncello Bass ▪ Lowest and deepest voice quality. Wind instruments (instruments which are BLOWN) Instrumental Music Examples: o Piccolo o Clarinet Sonata ▪ A long composition for o Oboe solo instrument, o English Horn consisting of large o Flute sections called o Bassoon movements. Brasses Suite ▪ A series of musical o Trumpet pieces that tells a o French Horn story. o Trombone o Tuba Symphony ▪ A sonata for the Percussion instruments (which are orchestra. STRUCK) Examples: Concerto ▪ A sonata for solo and o Snare Drum orchestra designed to o Bass Drum show off virtuosity of o Cymbals the soloist. o Triangle Keyboard Chamber ▪ Written for two solo o Piano Music instrument (violins and o Harpsichord flutes) and basso o Accordion continuo (low string o Synthesizer and keyboard) and usually in several movements. Properties of Musical Sound Pitch ▪ The highness or Types of Musical Instrument lowness of a tone in the musical scale. ▪ Musical instruments have always been a source of wonder to both the player and the listener. They figure in our music singly, in Duration ▪ It depends on the small groups (chamber music), in a band, or length of time over as part of the ensemble-orchestra. which vibration is maintained. Musical instruments are of three main types: Volume ▪ It refers to the force or String instruments (instruments which are percussive effects. BOWED) Art Appreciation 4 BASIC RELATIONSHIP OF ARTS | FUNCTION OF ART | VISUAL ARTS | COLORS | PERFORMING ARTS | THEATRE ARTS | PHILIPPINE THEATER PSYCH | SECOND SEMESTER | 2024 Forte means loud and Spotting ▪ Use by dancers during piano means soft. execution of various dance turns. Timbre or ▪ It is an individual Tone Color quality of the sound Footwork ▪ Refers to the foot produced by other position and foot instruments. action. Dance Moonwalk ▪ Technique that presents the illusion of ▪ It is an art, it tells a story, a set of moods, or being pulled backward expresses an emotion. while attempting to walk forward. Types of Dance Hand Hold ▪ A manner of the dancer to hold hands during the dance. Folk, Ethnic ▪ These are social and Ritual dances that portray the beliefs, interest, habits, Balancing, Dances customs and practices Flexibility of the natives. Body Movements and Ballroom ▪ These are dances of Interpretations Dances public entertainment, usually in pairs in ballrooms, nightclubs, Music auditoriums or in public places. ▪ The auditory background to which a dancer moves. ▪ Are performed for the Costume and Body Paraphernalia Theatrical Dances entertainment of the audience in a theater. ▪ Properties worn by the dancer that help reflect the message, customs, beliefs, and setting of the dance. Technique Choreography ▪ The skill of movement executed by the dancer. ▪ Refers to the figures and steps in dancing that enable the dancers to perform a dance in an organized manner. Techniques Mostly used in Dancing Scenery ▪ Refers to the background or setting where the dance is performed to make it more realistic and enriching. Art Appreciation 4 BASIC RELATIONSHIP OF ARTS | FUNCTION OF ART | VISUAL ARTS | COLORS | PERFORMING ARTS | THEATRE ARTS | PHILIPPINE THEATER PSYCH | SECOND SEMESTER | 2024 THEATRE ARTS Actors ▪ Perform the ▪ A collaborative form of fine art that uses live roles/characters performers to present the experience of a real or imagined event before a live audience in a specific place. Designer ▪ Creates the visual aspects of production: ▪ The performers may communicate this scenery, costumes, experience to the audience through props, make- up, combinations of gesture, speech, song, lighting, sound, etc. music, and dance. ▪ The specific place of the performance is also Builders ▪ Tech crew; build and named by the word "theatre" as derived from paint the set; make the the Ancient Greek théatron, which means "a costumes, etc. place for viewing”. Theatre refers to: Crews ▪ Execute changes in scenery, light and the acting, sound cues, placement the building and return of properties Plays themselves Administrators Scenery Stage ▪ Runs the “live” Manager production Costumes Make-Up Lights House ▪ Admits and seats Manager audience The difference between “THEATRE and DRAMA” The ▪ His work is generally Playwright done away from the ▪ THEATRE refers to a theatrical production, theatre building itself. whereas DRAMA refers to the plays. ▪ The study of plays is referred to as History of Theatre Arts dramaturgy. Classical and Hellenistic Greece ▪ Theatre can mean a building, whereas drama cannot. ▪ The city-state of Athens is where western theatre originated. Theatre is a Collaborative Art ▪ It was part of a broader culture of theatricality and performance in classical Greece that included festivals, religious rituals, politics, law, athletics and gymnastics, music, poetry, weddings, funerals, and symposia. Producer ▪ Finances, hiring, ▪ Participation in the city-state's many promoting, etc festivals—and attendance at the City Dionysia as an audience member (or even as ▪ Supervises rehearsals; a participant in the theatrical productions) in Director controls and develops particular—was an important part of his/her “vision” of the play citizenship. Art Appreciation 4 BASIC RELATIONSHIP OF ARTS | FUNCTION OF ART | VISUAL ARTS | COLORS | PERFORMING ARTS | THEATRE ARTS | PHILIPPINE THEATER PSYCH | SECOND SEMESTER | 2024 ▪ The Greeks also developed the concepts of ▪ New Comedy is known primarily from the dramatic criticism, acting as a career, and substantial papyrus fragments of Menander. theatre architecture ▪ The theatre of ancient Greece consisted of ▪ Aristotle defined comedy as a representation three types of drama: tragedy, comedy, and of laughable people that involves some kind the satyr play. of blunder or ugliness that does not cause pain or disaster. Origins of Theatre in Ancient Greece ▪ According to Aristotle (384–322 BCE), the first theoretician of theatre, are to be found in the festivals that honoured Dionysus. ▪ The performances were given in semi- circular auditoria cut into hillsides, capable of seating 10,000–20,000 people. ▪ The stage consisted of a dancing floor (orchestra), dressing room and scene- building area (skene). ▪ Since the words were the most important part, good acoustics and clear delivery were Roman Theatre paramount. ▪ The actors (always men) wore masks ▪ Western theatre developed and expanded appropriate to the characters they considerably under the Romans. represented, and each might play several parts. ▪ The Roman historian Livy wrote that the Romans first experienced theatre in the 4th Athenian Tragedy century BCE, with a performance by Etruscan actors. ▪ The oldest surviving form of tragedy is a type of dance-drama that formed an ▪ Beacham argues that they had been familiar important part of the theatrical culture of the with "pre-theatrical practices" for some time city-state. before that recorded contact. ▪ Most Athenian tragedies dramatise events ▪ The theatre of ancient Rome was a thriving from Greek mythology, though The and diverse art form, ranging from festival Persians— which stages the Persian performances of street theatre, nude response to news of their military defeat at dancing, and acrobatics, to the staging of the Battle of Salamis in 480 BCE—is the Plautus's broadly appealing situation notable exception in the surviving drama. comedies, to the high-style, verbally elaborate tragedies of Seneca. Athenian Comedy ▪ Although Rome had a native tradition of ▪ Conventionally divided into three periods, "Old performance, the Hellenization of Roman Comedy", "Middle Comedy", and "New culture in the 3rd century BCE had a Comedy". profound and energizing effect on Roman theatre and encouraged the development of ▪ Old Comedy survives today largely in the form Latin literature of the highest quality for the of the eleven surviving plays of Aristophanes, stage. while Middle Comedy is largely lost (preserved only in relatively short fragments in authors such as Athenaeus of Naucratis). Art Appreciation 4 BASIC RELATIONSHIP OF ARTS | FUNCTION OF ART | VISUAL ARTS | COLORS | PERFORMING ARTS | THEATRE ARTS | PHILIPPINE THEATER PSYCH | SECOND SEMESTER | 2024 ▪ The only surviving Roman tragedies, indeed ▪ During this entranced state, the priest or the only plays of any kind from the Roman priestess would consume the sacrificial Empire, are ten dramas- nine of them pallilara- offering, which could be in the form of a pig, attributed to Lucuis Annaeus Seneca (4 b.c.-65 chicken, rice, wine, or nuts. a.d.), the Corduba-born Stoic philosopher and ▪ "...seemed to shoot flames from her eyes; tutor of Nero. her hair stood on end, a fearful sight to those beholding, and she uttered words of arrogance and superiority." - Juan de Plasencia, 1590. Spanish Period ▪ When the Spaniards reached our shores, they used dramas such as zarzuelas as a pedagogical tool to influence the pagan tribes and teach them about Christianity and religion. ▪ Another important form of theater popularized during the Spanish colonization is the comedia, also known as moro-moro, linambay, or arakyo. It's a play in verse that portrays the lives, loves, and wars of moors and Christians. ▪ Moro-Moro is a secular comedy that dramatizes the war between Christians and Muslims through the forbidden love between the prince and the princess. The comedy is resolved with the non-Christian being converted to Christianity, or through his or her death, immediately followed by his or her resurrection. ▪ Comedias were normally performed in the pueblos or village centers to attract more people to the foundation of its regime. The Philippine Theater and Performing comedia can last anywhere from 3 to 15 Groups hours through a series of performances. The first Filipino comedia was performed in Latin Pre-colonial Time and Spanish by Fr. Vicente Puche in Cebu in 1598. ▪ During the pre-historic times, theater in the Philippines was in the form of indigenous ▪ On the other hand, a zarzuela is a form of rituals, verbal jousts or games, or songs and musical theater that combines spoken word dances to praise gods. According to early and song that celebrates various Catholic chronicles, pre-historic dramas consisted of liturgical feasts. Jugar Con Fuego by three elements - myth, mimesis, and Francisco Asenjo Barbieri was the first spectacle. zarzuela introduced in the country in late ▪ These mimetic performances mostly 1878 or early 1879. dramatized primitive rituals and epic poetry about deities and mythical legends, where ▪ By August 17, 1893, Teatro Zorilla, the home the spirit of the deities would seemingly of zarzuela, was inaugurated. possess a catalonan (priest) or babaylan (priestess). Art Appreciation 4 BASIC RELATIONSHIP OF ARTS | FUNCTION OF ART | VISUAL ARTS | COLORS | PERFORMING ARTS | THEATRE ARTS | PHILIPPINE THEATER PSYCH | SECOND SEMESTER | 2024 ▪ Throughout the 333 years of the Spanish PETA and Tanghalang Pilipino regime, the Philippines was widely influenced by their culture, tradition, and religion. Today, zarzuelas and comedias are still being ▪ Philippine Educational Theater Association performed, albeit with other cultural (PETA), founded in 1967 by Cecile Guidote- influences and contemporary touches. Alvarez, and ▪ Tanghalang Pilipino, the resident theater American Period company of the Cultural Center of the Philippines, founded in 1987. ▪ When American colonial rule was established, the United States introduced the American way of life through education, media, and language. Their influence on Philippine theatre is most apparent through the bodabil (vaudeville) and the plays and dramas staged or translated into English. ▪ In 1898, the first bodabil was produced by the Manila Dramatic Guild for the sole purpose of entertaining American soldiers and other Americans residing in Manila. It was also the first theatrical performance since the revolution. Japanese Period ▪ By the 1940s, when the Japanese took over the Philippines from the Americans, movie actors and actresses could no longer appear in films, as the Japanese confiscated all film equipment. However, the comedia, zarzuela, and bodabil remained in the country as forms of entertainment and expression. ▪ Eventually, the bodabil evolved to become stage shows or variety shows with a short melodrama at the end to accommodate the actors and actresses who moved their craft to bodabil and theatre. Venues such as the Manila Grand Opera House and the Savoy Theatre became homes of bodabil. ▪ After the war, movies returned to popularity, and the bodabil era slowly lost its luster. Stage shows became small, cheap performances held in open-air stages in the provinces. Sadly, the bodabil deteriorated decades later to become burlesque and strip shows held in cheap theatres around American military bases. Art Appreciation 4 BASIC RELATIONSHIP OF ARTS | FUNCTION OF ART | VISUAL ARTS | COLORS | PERFORMING ARTS | THEATRE ARTS | PHILIPPINE THEATER PSYCH | SECOND SEMESTER | 2024 Repertory Philippines ▪ In 1967, (theater director) Zenaida Amador. Trumpets Baby Barredo, Amador (Actresses) ▪ A company that not only staged English- ▪ 1990s, began mounting grand productions of language plays and musicals year-round but originally-written musicals with a slant trained actors and actresses as well. towards good values for children and the whole family. ❖ Repertory Philippines Productions Performed Since 1967, 79 Seasons, 440 Productions ▪ 1993, Les Miserables in Manila with an all – Filipino cast and production team. Art Appreciation 4 BASIC RELATIONSHIP OF ARTS | FUNCTION OF ART | VISUAL ARTS | COLORS | PERFORMING ARTS | THEATRE ARTS | PHILIPPINE THEATER PSYCH | SECOND SEMESTER | 2024 New Voice Company ▪ 1994 by Monique Wilson—also a Repertory Philippines' protégée who went on to star on the international stage. New Voice has earned a reputation for staging thought – provoking productions on daring and deep topics. ▪ The vision of the company is to widen the reach of stage productions beyond the traditional centers within Metro Manila, and therefore develop a broader audience base. ▪ (POC) was founded in 1999 by a group of dedicated classically-trained singers, led by soprano Karla Gutierrez as artistic directress. ▪ The POC seeks to develop performers as well as audiences for classical music performances, both foreign and Filipino. Art Appreciation 4 BASIC RELATIONSHIP OF ARTS | FUNCTION OF ART | VISUAL ARTS | COLORS | PERFORMING ARTS | THEATRE ARTS | PHILIPPINE THEATER PSYCH | SECOND SEMESTER | 2024 Gantimpala Theater Foundation ▪ Established in 1976 by Tony Mabesa, Dulaang UP is the country's premiere academic theater organization. Originally ▪ Gantimpala Theater is one of the leading established as the production arm of UP's dramatic arts companies in the country Speech Communication and Theatre Arts today. It has annual production season that Program, it has become a quasi-professional includes the staging of the Four Classics, group with a regular season. This year, Florante at Laura, Kanser, Ibong Adarna, and Dulaang UP celebrates its 37th season. El Filibusterismo, plays based on the works of National Artists for Theater and Literature, ▪ Dulaang UP has been a vehicle for seasoned original Filipino musicals by new playwrights theater artists to articulate their visions and to based on popular fairy tales and Pinoy interact with theater students through folklore. It also partners with government productions mounted by veteran directors institutions and private partners in the Tony Mabesa, Anto Juan, Amiel Leonardia, mounting of special events. Alexander Cortez, Josefina Estrella, Behn Cervantes and the late Ogie Juliano; guest Triumphant Peoples Evangelistic Theatre directors Edgardo dela Cruz, Peter Kern and Society (Trumpets) Floy Quintos; as well as young directors led by Dexter Santos. ▪ TRUMPETS, Inc. is Asia's first professional gospel theater group and over its twenty Teatro Tomasino years of existence has transformed the Gospel message into fun, funky yet incredibly ▪ Teatro Tomasino is the university-wide high quality productions. Trumpets roots theater guild of the University of Santo were established in the late 1980's when a Tomas. The foremost and only recognized batch of young but seasoned Christian university-wide theater guild of the University performers and theater professionals got of Santo Tomas first saw light on the 17th together because they wanted to use their day of September 1977, when 25 students of talents for God. After successful stagings of the university established the name Teatro Joseph the Dreamer and First Name, the Tomasino under Prof. Myrna Hilario's demand for more was so strong, it dawned counsel. The name is derived from that of the on them that they needed to get organized university's. and become an official company. ▪ March of 1977 was the date of the ▪ And so the Triumphant People's Evangelistic constitution's birth for the guild. At present, it Theater Society was incorporated in 1991 has undergone many revisions and updates changing the face not only of Christian for further enhancement of the Prez within entertainment, but Philippine theater itself. and among members. The company is widely known for both it's original musicals and for training many future stars in it's yearly workshops called Trumpets Tanghalang Ateneo Playshop. In the pursuit of sharing the message of life, Trumpets has received ▪ Since its founding in 1972, and given formal acceptance and recognition for its fine work recognition in 1979, Tanghalang Ateneo has by the both the practitioners and audiences grown from a fledgling band of student of the entertainment industry in the players to one of the country's leading Philippines and the rest of Asia. school-based theatre companies. Its repertoire of plays is daunting: world classics, Filipino originals, and documentary texts Dulaang Unibersidad ng Pilipinas turned into theatre pieces. Its productions are (Dulaang UP) noted for their thought, generosity and energy, while its lingua franca on stage is Filipino and English. Its members come from diverse academic fields. Art Appreciation 4 BASIC RELATIONSHIP OF ARTS | FUNCTION OF ART | VISUAL ARTS | COLORS | PERFORMING ARTS | THEATRE ARTS | PHILIPPINE THEATER PSYCH | SECOND SEMESTER | 2024 ▪ Many have pursued careers in theater, television, and film; many more use their theater experience to excel in management, law, teaching, human resources, as well as in the media and in the culture industry. Professional theater actors have graced its shows, and several outstanding designers and choreographers have served in its artistic staff. Moreover, its audience base extends outside the campus to embrace students in schools within and outside the Prelitan area.