Art Appreciation Notes Midterm PDF

ART APPRECIATION What is an Art? ❑ The word “art” is from a Latin word Ars which means craftsmanship, inventiveness, mastery of form, skills. ❑ It includes literature, music, paintings, photography, sculpture, etc. ❑ It usually refers to the so-called “fine arts” (e.g., graph...

ART APPRECIATION What is an Art? ❑ The word “art” is from a Latin word Ars which means craftsmanship, inventiveness, mastery of form, skills. ❑ It includes literature, music, paintings, photography, sculpture, etc. ❑ It usually refers to the so-called “fine arts” (e.g., graphics, plastic, and building) and to the so-called “minor arts” (everyday, useful, applied, and decorative arts). ❑ the process of using our senses and emotions in making creative activities Art? ❑ a visual expression of an idea or experience formed w/ skills through used of medium. Medium ❑ media, is a type of tools used to create the artwork ❑ e.g. color pencil, crayons, water color, ink, graphite, Art for Day-to-Day Living pastel (oil pastel), etc. - clay, fiber, stone wood, paint, video, and ❑ object made to delight the eye as well as serve useful photography function Personal Function ❑ an artist create art to express personal feelings Purpose of an Art ❑ art can: tell us things elevate our spirit show beauty show justice Art for Communicating Information ❑ through the ages, art has been used to impart information Art for Worship and Ritual ❑ through the ages people have used art to use for prayer, worship, magic and ceremony  Art for Social Causes ❑ Humans are influenced by what they see ❑ Artist can cause their art to influence the public Art for Personal Expression ❑ artist uses their medium to express their personality and/or feelings to the viewer. Art for Visual Pleasure ❑ Art is often identified solely by this definition ❑ Art made to be visually attractive and well crafted What is Creativity? ❑ the ability to bring forth something new that has value. WEEK 2 ASSUMPTION OF ARTS Art is Universal In every country and in every generation, there is always art. Often times, people feel that what is considered artistic Untrained artist are only those which have been made long time ago. This is a misconception. ❑ outsider artist or folk artist- people w/ no formal art education - folk artist work w/in a tradition - outsider artists rarely know about the trends and history of art they work outside of tradition art guidelines. Ibong Adarna, another Filipino masterpiece, has always captured the imagination of the young with its timeless lessons. When we listen to a Kundiman or perform folk dances, we still enjoy the way our Filipino ancestors while away their time in the past. In the Philippines, the works of Jose Rizal and Francisco Balagtas are not being read because they are old.  Arts is Cultural Art is not a Nature In the Philippines, it is not entirely novel to hear some consumers of local movies remark that these movies produced locally are detriment of substance and faithfulness to reality of movies. Art is man’s expression of his reception of nature. Art can be considered opposites. What we find in nature should not be expected to be in art too. Art is an expression of a single individual, or group of individuals. As it can be representative of traits, values, and religious attributes. Art can have a significant influence on culture. An artist is defined as an entity whose artistic work demonstrates sensitivity and imagination An artist is defined as an entity whose artistic work demonstrates sensitivity and imagination. What can make a society is this sensitivity and creativity.? Therefore, artists are able to control the form of their art, manipulating the experience of that art. Art Involves Experience Art is everywhere; it's the car we're driving, the magazine we're reading, the food we're consuming. Getting this far without a satisfactory definition of art Art is something which has an effect on many aspects can be quite weird for some. For most people, art does of our lives. not require a full definition. Art is the artwork of someone in all around us, Art is just experienced. By experience, we mean the whether it is the car we drive or the house we go home “actual doing of something” (Dudley et al., 1960) to. and it also affirmed that art depends on experience, and It took somebody's imagination and thinking to if one is to know art, he must know it not as fact or create a masterpiece. The arts provide a means for information but as an experience. people to discover new ways of seeing the world. An important aspect of experiencing art is its being Art describes a culture since culture is a group-shared highly personal, individual, and subjective. pattern of attitudes, thoughts, and values. What is a In philosophical terms, perception of art is always a society without art? A way of living? value judgment. It depends on who perceive is, his Culture is often characterized as the tastes that a tastes, his biases, and what he has inside. social group favors in art and manners. Some would Art is present in every part of the globe and in every come to the conclusion that without art, there is no period of time. Art not being nature, not even culture attempting to simply mirror nature, is the second Culture is an expression, and there is nothing left but assumption about art. survival without art Art is always a creation of the artist, not nature. Finally, Art provides a means of release, whether by music, without experience, there is no art. painting, clay, or just writing in a journal. Life without the collective resources of our libraries, museums, theatres and galleries, or without the personal expression of literature, music and art, would be static and sterile – no creative arguments about the past, no diverse and stimulating present and no dreams of the future. Art is Expression The idea that art is expression is the theory that art is the manifestation of an inner state, such as thoughts, emotions, and experiences.  Art can be a way to convey these ideas, emotions, and What are the subjects of art? experiences through a variety of mediums, including painting, writing, sculpting, and music. Person Art can also be a way to communicate complex feelings Object that might be difficult to express with words alone. Nature Event Scene Classification of Subject 1. Representational (objective art) represents description, stories, or references to identifiable objects or symbols 2. Non-representational (non-objective art) no objects or symbols Ways of presenting the subject Art is a Creation Realism The creation of a work of art is the bringing about of a Abstraction new combination of elements in the medium (tones in Distortion music, words in literature, paints on canvas, and so on). The elements existed beforehand but not in the same Content of Subject combination; creation is the re-formation of these pre- existing materials. Meaning of the work/ masterpiece Pre-existence of materials holds true of creation quite Artist’s expression and communication in the artwork apart from art: in the creation of a scientific theory or the creation of a disturbance. 1. Factual meaning It applies even to creation in most theologies, except 2. Conventional meaning some versions of Christian theology, in which creation 3. Subjective meaning is exnihilo—that is, without pre-existing matter. Factual Meaning Literal statement of the artwork. Narrative content in the artwork. Conventional Meaning Special or symbolical meaning Connotative meaning Subjective Meaning Personal interpretation of the artist Personal point of view of the artist WEEK 3 Functions of Arts What is arts? Arts is derived from Latin word (Ars = skill) and from Greek word (techne = craft). Art is the ultimate expression of human’s thoughts and feelings. Art is creativity or avant garde (combining or re- ordering of existing material into new and unique object). Art is a reflection of experience (records of human history and development). Classification of arts according to medium Art is beauty (aesthetic) – It gives delightful experience or aesthetic pleasure.  Color creates mood and symbolizes ideas as well as expression of personal emotion. Color has the ability to elevate sensation of pleasure because of a well-ordered system of tonality. Value - refers to the tonal relationship between light and dark areas in painting. Perspective Medium of Visual Art Interposition (Overlapping) Relative size Linear perspective Principles of Design Design Elements of Visual Arts Overall structure of art work. Line Means of the artist to express (communicate) his/her Shape comprehensive ideas. Color Value Principles; Space and movement Harmony Line - are used by the artists to imitate or to represent objects Variation and figures on a flat surface. Rhythm Proportion Emphasis and Subordination Balance Harmony (Unity) Harmony means all parts of the visual image relate to and complement each other. Shape Adaptation of visual elements to each other Agreement between the parts of a composition which result in unity Variation Use of quality. Element which contrast with/ or slightly different Color from others that prevents monotony, uniform, or sameness. Rhythm (Jose Clemente Orozco) Repetition or continuance flow of regular visual units. Feeling of movement achieve through the repetition of regular visual units. Physical Properties of Color Proportion Hue is one of the main properties of a color, defined Comparative harmonious relationship between two or technically as "the degree to which a stimulus can be more elements in a composition with respect to size, described as similar to or different from stimuli that color, quantity, degree, setting, etc… are described as red, green, blue, and yellow. (Pure Ratio of one part to another and of the whole. Color) Express in size, number, and position. Use of Color Emphasis and Subordination Color gives quality to the pictorial field. Reflects between the more important and less important.  Concern on giving of proper importance to parts and ART STYLE: PAINTERLY to the whole. Painterly is a style or technique that can be realistic or Balance abstract but celebrates more the use of paint, through evident brushwork and texture in the paint. Unity in artworks. Feeling of equality in weight, attention or attraction of the various elements. ART STYLE: IMPRESSIONISM Gravitational equilibrium. Impressionist art is a style in which the artist captures the image of an object as someone would see it if they just caught a glimpse of it. a literary or artistic style that seeks to capture a feeling or experience rather than to achieve accurate depiction. Some of the greatest impressionist artists were ✓ Edouard Manet, ✓ Camille Pissaro, ✓ Edgar Degas, ✓ Alfred Sisley, ✓ Claude Monet, ✓ Berthe Morisot and What is beauty? ✓ Pierre Auguste Renoir Beauty is always in the eye of the beholder. ART STYLE: FAUVISM What is essential? Fauvism is the style of les Fauves, a loose group of Essential is something that is invisible to the eye but early twentieth-century modern artists whose 11. visible to the heart. works emphasized painterly qualities and strong colour over the representational or realistic values retained by Impressionism. WEEK 4 ART STYLE: ABSTRACTION ART STYLE Abstraction is about painting the essence of a subject or your interpretation of the subject rather than the visible realistic details, while still retaining an echo of whatever it is that prompted the initial idea. ART STYLE: PHOTOREALISM You might reduce the subject to the dominant colors, Photorealism developed in the late 1960s and 70s out of shapes, or patterns. You might remove the subject a reaction to the Abstract Expressionism movement of from its context and enlarge its scale. the 1940s. Pure abstract art doesn't try to look like anything Photorealism is a style which often seems more real than from the "real world," it is an art style that is reality, including detail down to the last grain of sand intentionally non-representational. and wrinkle on someone's face, where nothing is left out, The subject or point of the painting is the colors used, and nothing is too insignificant or unimportant not to be the textures in the artwork, the materials used to included in the painting. create it. Photorealist painting cannot exist without At its worst, abstract art looks like an accidental mess the photograph. of paint. At its best, it has an impact that strikes you from the moment you see it. ART STYLE: REALISM Realism is the art style most people regard as "real Art Style: Futurism art," where the subject of the painting looks very much like it appears in real life, rather than being Futurism was an artistic and social movement that romanticized or glorified. originated in Italy in the early 20th century. It From a little distance everything looks "real" but up emphasized speed, technology, youth, and violence, closely you will see that it is an illusion created by the and objects such as the car, the aeroplane, and the skillful use of paint, color, and tone. industrial city. Realism as an art movement was led by Gustave Courbet in France. Art Style: Constructivism 2. NON-REPRESENTATIONAL ART New art movement known as Constructivism, which Art forms that do not make reference to the real embraced theory that art should be “constructed” world, whether it is a person, place, thing, or even from modern industrial materials such as plastic, a particular event. steel, and glass in order to serve a societal purpose Best example of a non-representational art is an instead of merely making an abstract statement. abstract art. It is stripped down only to visual elements to translate a particular emotion and concept. Art Style: Surrealism André Breton, a well-known poet and critic of his SUBJECT OF ART time, published “The Surrealist Manifesto” in 1924, in 6 MAIN KINDS OF SUBJECT which he declared the group’s intention to unite consciousness with unconsciousness so that the 1. Still life - a collection of inanimate objects arranged realms of dream and fancy could merge with everyday together in a specific way. reality in an “absolute reality, a surreality.” 2. Landscape - a natural scenery such as mountains, Surrealism’s goal was to liberate thought, language, cliffs, rivers, etc. and human experience from the oppressive 3. Nature - a focused view or interpretation of specific boundaries of rationalism. natural elements. 4. Portraiture - an image of a particular person or animal, or group there of. ART STYLE: EXPRESSIONISM 5. Abstract - a non-representational work of art. 6. Day of the dead - a Mexican holiday with a vibrant Expressionism refers to art in which the image of artistic tradition. reality is distorted in order to make it expressive of the artist’s inner feelings or ideas CONTENT OF ART In expressionist art, colour in particular can be highly intense and non-naturalistic, brushwork is typically 1. Factual Meaning - is the most rudimentary level of free and paint application tends to be generous and meaning. Extracted from the identifiable or highly textured. Expressionist art tends to be recognizable forms in the artwork. emotional and sometimes mystical. 2. Conventional Meaning - Pertains to the acknowledged interpretation of the artwork using motifs, signs, and symbols. Established through time, ART STYLE: DADA OR DADAISM strengthened by recurrent use and wide acceptance by it’s audience who study them. Dada or Dadaism was a form of artistic anarchy born 3. Subjective Meaning - A particular work of art that out of disgust for the social, political and cultural is consulted and read. Meanings that came from the values of the time. viewers audience’s circumstances and experiences. Dada was not so much a style of art like Cubism or Meanings may not be singular, rather, there are Fauvism; it was more a protest movement with an multiple and varied. anti-establishment manifesto. ELEMENTS OF ART a. Color: Color is the visual perception seen by the UNDERSTANDING ART AS A PROCESS OF HUMAN human eye. The modern color wheel is designed to ENTERPISE explain how color is arraigned and how colors interact with each other. b. Value: refers to how adding black or white to color SUBJECT AND CONTENT IN ART changes the shade of the original color, for example, in (1.26). The addition of black or white to one color Two types of subjects creates a darker or lighter color giving artists gradations of one color for shading or highlighting in 1. REPRESENTATIONAL ART a painting. These types of art have subjects that refer to c. Saturation: the intensity of color, and when the color objects or events occurring in the real world. It is is fully saturated, the color is the purest form or most also known as “Figurative Art” authentic version. The primary colors are the three A painting or sculpture that is clearly recognizable fully saturated colors as they are in the purest form. for what it claims to be. d. Form: Form gives shape to a piece of art, whether it is the constraints of a line in a painting or the edge of the Examples: sculpture. The shape can be two-dimensional, three- dimensional restricted to height and weight, or it can a. MONA LISA (1503) by Leonardo Da Vinci be free-flowing. The form also is the expression of all b. BOY LEADING A HORSE (1905) by Pablo Picasso the formal elements of art in a piece of work. c. PALAY MAIDEN (1920) by Fernando Amorsolo  e. Line: A line in art is primarily a dot or series of dots. THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN ARTIST AND The dots form a line, which can vary in thickness, ARTISAN? color, and shape. A line is a two-dimensional shape unless the artist gives it volume or mass. “The terms "artist" and "artisan" can be confusing due to f. Shape: The shape of the artwork can have many their link with creativity.” meanings. The shape is defined as having some sort of outline or boundary, whether the shape is two or three an artist focuses on expression and beauty. dimensional. The shape can be geometric (known artisan creates handmade items with practical use. shape) or organic (free form shape). Space and shape ARTIST go together in most artworks. g. Space: Space is the area around the focal point of the A person who creates art using conscious skill and art piece and might be positive or negative, shallow or creative imagination. Artists play a multifaceted role in deep, open, or closed. Space is the area around the art society: creators, social commentators, innovators, and form; in the case of a building, it is the area behind, storytellers. over, inside, or next to the structure. h. Texture: Texture can be rough or smooth to the Kind of art: touch, imitating a particular feel or sensation. The texture is also how your eye perceives a surface, Painting, Sculpture, Music, Dance, Theater, Photography, whether it is flat with little texture or displays Film, Literature, Architecture, Graphic design variations on the surface, imitating rock, wood, stone, Vincent Van Gogh fabric. PRINCIPLES OF ART Vincent Van Gogh Born on Mar 30, 1853 in Zundert, Netherlands. And died on Jul 29, 1890 in Auvers-sur- a. Balance: The balance in a piece of art refers to the Oise, France. distribution of weight or the apparent weight of the Vincent Willem van Gogh was a Dutch Post- piece. Impressionist painter who is among the most famous b. Contrast: Contrast is defined as the difference in colors and influential figures in the history of Western art. to create a piece of visual art. For instance, black and The Starry Night white is a known stark contrast and brings vitality to a piece of art, or it can ruin the art with too much contrast. - The Starry Night meaning can be derived c. Emphasis: Emphasis can be color, unity, balance, or any other principle or element of art used to create a focal from the large cypress tree: a symbol of point. graveyards, mourning, and death. The stars d. Rhythm/Movement: Rhythm in a piece of art denotes are symbols of dreaming, heaven, and death. a type of repetition used to either demonstrate The church, mysteriously dark in this movement or expanse. painting, is a symbol of his religious e. Proportion/Scale: Proportion is the relationship upbringing, as the spire is Dutch and not between items in a painting, for example, between the French in design. sky and mountains. If the sky is more than two-thirds of the painting, it looks out of proportion. The scale in art is similar to proportion, and if something is not to scale, Sarah Geronimo it can look odd. f. Unity and variety: In art, unity conveys a sense of Sarah Geronimo was born on 25th day of July 1988 she completeness, pleasure when viewing the art, and is 36 at the moment. She was born in Tarlac, Central cohesiveness to the art, and how the patterns work Luzon, Philippines. together brings unity to the picture or object. Sarah Asher Tua Geronimo is an immensely popular g. Pattern: Pattern is the way something is organized and Filipina singer, actress and model. She is dubbed as the repeated in its shape or form and can flow without much "Philippines' Pop Princess" structure in some random repetition. Tala, Kilometro, Ikot-Ikot, Duyan, Sa Iyo, How Could You Say You Love Me, Forever's Not Enough, The Gift ARTIST AND ARTISAN Guillermo Tolentino Artist Guillermo Tolentino was born on Jul 24, 1890 in A person who creates art using concious skill and Malolos and died on Jul 12, 1976 in Quezon City. imagination. Guillermo Estrella Tolentino was a Filipino sculptor Artisan and professor of the University of the Philippines. He was designated as a National Artist of the Philippines A worker who practices trade or handicraft. for Sculpture in 1973, three years before his death. THE BONIFACIO MONUMENT a. Prehistoric Art (40,000 – 4,000 BCE) marks the earliest known visual expressions of Famous sculpture: "The Bonifacio Monument" The humanity. It primarily consists of cave paintings, Bonifacio Monument recalls the Philippine Revolution petroglyphs (rock carvings), and small sculptures. which was spearheaded by Andrés Bonifacio who had Early humans depicted animals, hunting scenes, urged his men to raise against the colonial rule of Spain. and symbols, often thought to be connected to religious or ritualistic purposes. The materials used were natural pigments such as charcoal and ochre. ARTISAN Artisans make things that are useful and beautiful. Their work focuses on skill and quality. Kinds of arts: Potters, Blacksmiths, Weavers, Carpenters, and Jewelers. Handmade Items: Pots, Furniture, Clothes, and Jewelry. Bernard Leach Bernard Howell Leach was born on January 5, 1887 and died on 6th day of May 1979. He was a British studio potter and art teacher. He is regarded as the "Father of British studio pottery". b. Ancient Art (4,000 BCE – 500 CE) Bernard Leach promoted pottery by mixing Western the Egyptians, Mesopotamians, Greeks, and and Eastern art styles. He focused on traditional pottery Romans. Each culture had a distinct style that from Korea, Japan, and China while also using reflected its religious and cultural values. techniques from England and Germany, like slipware and salt glaze. Artisan Example: Pilgrim Dish - The Pilgrim Dish is one of Bernard Leach's most famous and valuable pieces. It is made with a glazed tenmoku finish and shows a design of a hooded pilgrim holding a staff, walking toward a mountain range. The colors used are earthy tones typical of Leach's style. GEORGE KATSUTOSHI NAKASHIMA George Katsutoshi Nakashima Born: May 24, 1905 Died: June 15, 1990 He was an American woodworker, architect, and furniture maker who was one of the leading innovators of 20th century furniture design and a father of the American craft movement. Some of Nakashima's most famous pieces include his iconic “Conoid”. Chairs, tables, cabinets, and benches, which are celebrated for their graceful forms and meticulous craftsmanship. EXPLORING HISTORICAL AND PHILOSOPHICAL UNDERPINNINGS OF ART ART HISTORY is a vast journey that spans thousands of years, showcasing humanity's evolving creativity, cultural values, and technological advancements.  d. Renaissance Art (1400 – 1600 CE) was a period of renewed interest in classical learning, art, and culture, particularly from ancient Greece and Rome. Artists focused on realism, humanism, and perspective. This era saw advancements in techniques like linear perspective and the use of light and shadow (chiaroscuro). c. Medieval Art (500 – 1400 CE) was dominated by the Christian church, and most artworks were commissioned for religious purposes. The period includes styles such as Byzantine, Romanesque, and Gothic. e. Baroque & Rococo Art (1600 – 1750 CE) This period was characterized by drama, emotion, and movement. Baroque art used intense contrasts of light and shadow (tenebrism) and aimed to evoke emotional responses from the viewer. It was often used by the Catholic Church during the Counter-Reformation to inspire awe and devotion. f. Modern Art (Late 19th Century – 20th Century) Modern art broke away from traditional forms and techniques. It was a time of great experimentation, as artists explored new ways to express their ideas. Movements like Impressionism, Cubism, Surrealism, and Abstract Expressionism rejected realism and GOODLUCK PEPZZ!! (PASUNDOGA KO NINYO HEHE) embraced abstraction, fragmentation, and the subjective nature of reality. IPASAPASA SAB KUSOG RABA MO REKLAMO g. Contemporary Art (Late 20th Century – Present) Contemporary art is diverse in style and medium, often reflecting the complexity of the modern world. It includes a wide variety of practices such as installation art, performance art, digital art, and conceptual art. Artists explore themes like identity, gender, politics, globalization, and the environment.