Art Appreciation Midterm Reviewer PDF

ART APPRECIATION How important is humanity? MIDTERM REVIEWER The fields of knowledge and study falling under humanities are dedicated to the...

ART APPRECIATION How important is humanity? MIDTERM REVIEWER The fields of knowledge and study falling under humanities are dedicated to the UNIT 1 – pursuit of discovering and understanding the nature of man ARTS AND HUMANITIES: WESTERN The humanities deal with man as a being of AND FILIPINO CONCEPTS purpose, of values, loves, hates, ideas and sometimes as a seer or prophet with divine Overview: inspiration. The humanities aim at educating. The arts is a necessity at this time in world life Humanities is more concerned on how a when values are challenged and shaken by events; person expresses his/her feelings. These cultures are damages by dominant concerns of feelings can be in facial manifestations or politics and power struggles; and economic body movements. Laughing, crying, deprivation cuts across cultures especially in the clenching our fists, curling our toes, so-called “third world” community. stretching out our fingers, and crossing our arms are representations of humanities The humanities are very much present in the (Menoy, 2009). Philippine college curriculum because of the merits they render to humanizing the Filipino student who MISCONCEPTION ON THE TERM HUMANITIES: in the future, will join the work force and take up different roles in the society. By the term It should not be confused with the terms: humanities, we generally mean art, literature, music and theater, areas in which human values and Humanism – specific philosophical belief individual expressiveness are celebrated (Ramirez, Humanitarianism – concern for charitable works et. al, 2008) HUMANITIES : ART AND SCIENCE: “Art, which is an important component of the humanities, takes life for its subject matter, with Art: Skills (Greek techne or technical) man as its main component. It relates to almost Science: Involves a process. everything that surrounds man today, other Social Science: Man as the focus. people and other times. As such, it is a powerful record of everything human that Art is the subject matter, but art is created by evolves through the ages.” man for man. HUMANITIES VS. PHILOSOPHY Lesson 1: ART AS A HUMANISTIC DISCIPLINE: Comparison: THIS THING CALLED ART Humanities: Man is the source and fountain of all creativity. (Creating Subject) Philosophy: Man is the starting point of (The Meaning, Origin and Importance of knowledge. (Inquiring Subject) Art) Contrast: Ronald Reagan The arts and humanities teach us Humanities: Explicit understanding of artworks – who we are and what we can be. They lie at the extensions of his being (man). very core of the culture of which we're a part. Philosophy: Implicit understanding of himself as John Dewey - Art is an attitude of spirit, a composed of body and soul. state of mind - one which demands for its own satisfaction and fulfilling, a shaping of WHY STUDY HUMANITIES? matter to new or more significant form. 1.Through Humanities, we can be connected to places we have not visited, understand the past or history which has significance to the present. It ART, CREATIVITY, IMAGINATION AND makes us encounter great minds and hearts of EXPRESSION human history. BASIC ASSUMPTIONS OF ART 2.Through Humanities, we will be studying what humans have found valuable or good throughout Art: Concept or Fact? the time. Art is either a concept or a fact. As a concept, it is 3.Through Humanities, we experience connection subject to be understood and be grasped by any between culture and community through different perceiver. Furthermore, it cannot be defined art exposures – museum visits, concerts, theater because it springs from the ideas and emotions of performance, and support of local artists. man concretized by means of any sensuous material. ART: ITS MEANING AND IMPORTANCE But, art as a fact is observable; is that which is In our life, we experience so much fragmentation known through the senses. It refers then to any of our thoughts and feelings. But, by creating creative work of an artist that can easily be arts, it brings things back together. We merely described upon noticing the different mediums make art because of so many reasons, and we being used and the context in which it is produced. enjoy the process of it. Joan Miro - “A simple line painted with brush can Assumption 1: lead to freedom and happiness.” ART IS TIMELESS AND UNIVERSAL Translated by Leigh Haunt Some definitions of art according to “I dreamt I saw great Venus by me stand, Leading a philosophers: nodding infant by the hand; And that she said to me familiarly – Take Love, and teach him how to play to Plato - Art is that which brings life in me.” harmony with the beauty of the world. Plato - Art tries to reach the ideal (the Assumption 2: God-like) ART IS NOT NATURE, NATURE IS NOT ART. Ruskin - Art is the whole spirit of man. ART IS MAN-MADE Charleton Noye - Art is the medium by Distinctly different from each other, we see and which the artist communicates himself to his hear only what there is in nature; the artists fellows. open our eyes to see nature more clearly and to Aristotle - Art should express harmony. provide new visions and interpretations of life Kant - Art is the product of genius. (Lamucho et al, 2003). This relates to the concept Collins and Riley - Art is anything made or of the Resemblance theory in Art Work. done by man that affects or moves us so that we see or feel beauty in it. Assumption 3: ART INVOLVES EXPERIENCE, ART IS A the circumstances surrounding the art can properly PERSONAL AND INDIVIDUAL EXPERIENCE) be served. Art involves experience and that there can never be appreciation of art without experience, the actual COMMON AMONG ART WORKS (UNITY) doing of something. Experience is the first and last demand of art. Unless one knows the work itself The one thing that is common to all the works of art has experience of it, he knows little. is the tie that relates a painting to a song, a play to a dance. The most basic relationship is that the Assumption 4: arts are concerned with emotions; with our ART MUST BE CREATIVE, NOT IMITATIVE feelings about things. When a person sees a The comparison between the artist and craftsman picture he thinks is beautiful or a play he thinks is has confused a lot of people. As mentioned before, exciting, he feels that is lovely or stirring. His the word art originally meant skill, ability, or craft reaction is primarily emotional. (corresponding to the Greek techne from which we derive the words like technical and technique). In DIVERSITY IN ARTS the ancient world, a "work of art" was simply any object that required The arts are remarkable in their diversity, not only skill or craft in its production. Only gradually, in the subject matter but also in the materials and in beginning about the middle of the 17th century, did the forms. No rules can govern either in creation or work of art mean a work of fine or high art. in the appreciation. The artist is influenced by the world around him, so that his work reflects the time Assumption 5: and the place in which he lives. If artists or critics ART MUST BENEFIT AND SATISFY MAN- MAN do set up rules to follow, other artists and critics will MAKE USE OF ART IN PRACTICAL LIFE prove the rules false. Arts change as life changes. THROUGH ARTISTIC PRINCIPLES, TASTE, AND Authorities in arts state that the work of an artist SKILL. must be judged against the background of the time in which he lived. Assumption 6: ART IS EXPRESSED THROUGH A CERTAIN CHARACTERISTICS OF ART WORKS MEDIUM OR MATERIAL BY WHICH THE ARTIST Drawing a conclusion from the ideas about art COMMUNICATES HIMSELF TO HIS FELLOWS. mentioned above, we can summarize the following as the various characteristics of an art work: The Use of Natural Objects in Works of Art 1. They are man-made; 2. They are universal There are some artists who would use the natural 3. They are united; objects as they are without changing them in 4. They are diversified; carrying their artwork. Take for example, a 5. They are expressive; landscape. Artists charged with the task of 6. They are creative; and landscaping would have to use the stones and 7. They are beautiful. other natural materials without even deforming their shape, form and organization. This is the principle ART AS CREATIVE WORK of non-transformation. Jean-Paul Sartre (French Philosopher in the Under the principle of Transformation, it is 20th century) necessary for the artists to alter the natural objects - Art as a creative work that depicts the world in carrying their art work because by so doing in a different perspective and source of the idea of the artist, the purpose of the art and human freedom. (Greene, 1995)  - Each artwork beholds beauty of its own world, and all there ever will be to know and kind, the kind that the artist sees and wants understand.“ the viewers to perceive. Crafting of something bold, something new, - Refining one's ability to appreciate art and something better in the hopes of allows him to deeply understand the creating something that will stimulate purpose of an artwork and recognize the change. beauty it possesses. (Collins & Riley, 1931) An artwork does not need to be a real thing, - Exercise and develop his taste for but can be imaginary (Collingwood, 1938). things that are fine and beautiful Artists use their imagination that gives birth - Make intelligent choices and to reality through creation. decisions in acquiring necessities and luxuries Imagination as a Product of Art - Learning to appreciate art, no matter 1. Art also inspire imagination. what vocation or profession you 2. Creative pieces were made not only because have, will lead to a fuller and more they were functional to men, but also because meaningful life (Collins & Riley, beauty gave them joy (Collins & Riley, 1931). 1931). ART AS EXPRESSION What is Creativity? An emotion will remain unknown to a Kohl (2020) stated that creativity focuses on the man until he expresses it. process of forming original ideas through Robin George Collingwod, an English exploration and discovery. In children, creativity philosopher who is best known for his work develops from their experiences with the process, in aesthetics explicated in his publication, rather than concern for the finished product. The Principle of Art (1938) argues that what Creativity is not to be confused with talent, skill, or an artist does to an emotion is not to intelligence. Creativity is not about doing something include it, but express it. better than others, it is about thinking, exploring, discovering, and imagining. Creativity is found in Forms of Arts that an Artist used to Express the obvious art and music, but can also be found in Emotions science and play. 1. Visual Arts – a kind of art form that the Role of Creativity in Art Making population is most likely more exposed to, but its 1. Creativity requires thinking outside the box. variations are so diverse — they range from 2. Creativity is what sets apart one artwork from sculptures that you see in art galleries. another. 2. Film - refers to the art of putting together 3. He [Artist] embraces originality, puts his own successions of still images in order to create an flavor into his work, and calls it his own creative illusion movement piece. 3. Performance Art (dance) - is a live art and the artist medium is mainly the human body which he ART AS A PRODUCT OF IMAGINATION or she used to perform but also employs other kind of art such as visual art, props, or sound. Albert Einstein (German physicist) 4. Poetry Performance - is an art where the artist - knowledge is derived from imagination. expresses his emotions not by using paint, - "Imagination is more important than charcoal, or camera but expresses them through knowledge. words. 5. Architecture - Making of beautiful buildings. For knowledge is limited to all we now know and Some buildings only embody the functionality, but understand, while imagination embraces the entire the structure, lines, forms, and colors are not beautifully expressed. Buildings should embody 2. Ritualistic and symbolic functions. In many these three important elements—plan, construction, cultures, art is used in religion, spiritual or magical and design. rituals, performances and dances as a decoration 6. Literary Art - uses words to express and or symbol of a god or other divine quality. While communicate emotions to the readers. Literary art these often have no specific utilitarian purpose, goes beyond the usual professional, academic, anthropologists know that they often serve a journalistic, and other technical forms of writing. It purpose at the level of meaning within a particular focuses on writing using a unique style, not culture. This meaning is not furnished by any one following a specific format or norm. individual, but is often the result of many 7. Theater - uses live performers to present generations of change and understanding, and of a accounts or imaginary events before a live cosmological relationship within the culture. audience. It follows a script, considers several elements such as acting, gesture, lighting, sound 3. Communication. Art, at its simplest, is a form of effects, musical score, scenery, and props. communication. Most forms of communication have Participation of the viewer is an important element an intent or goal directed toward other people. in theater arts. Illustrative arts, such as scientific illustration, are a 8. Applied Art - incorporates elements of style and form of art as communication. Maps are another design to everyday items with the aim of increasing example. However, the content need not be their aesthetical value. Industrial design, interior scientific. Stories, emotions, and feelings are also design, fashion design, and graphic design are communicated through art. considered applied arts. Artists can combine functionality and style. 4. Entertainment. Art may seek to bring about a particular emotion or mood, for the purpose of relaxing or entertaining the viewer. This is often the PURPOSE AND FUNCTION OF ART function of the art industries such as Motion Pictures and Video Games. And of course, more Art has had a great number of different functions traditional art, such as some paintings and throughout its history, making its purpose difficult to sculptures are simply meant to be enjoyable. quantify to any single concept. This does not imply that the purpose of art is “vague” but that it has had 5. Political change. One of the defining functions many unique, different reasons for being created. of early twentieth-century art has been to use visual Some of the functions of art are provided in the images to bring about political change. Art outline below. This is a partial list of purposes as movements that had this goal— Dadaism, developed by Claude Lévi- Strauss. Surrealism, and Futurism, among others—are collectively referred to as the avant-garde arts. This purpose of art continues today in many objects 1. Expression of the imagination. Art provides a aimed at exposing corruption of the ruling class, means to express the imagination (things, places, including government, the wealthy, and ideas that are unreal or unknowable) in non corporations. grammatical ways. Unlike words, which come in sequences, each of which has a definite meaning, 6. Social causes. Art can be used to raise art provides a range of forms, symbols and ideas awareness for a large variety of causes. A number with meanings that can be determined by the artist. of art activities are aimed at raising awareness of An artist can create visual imagery of mythical AIDS, autism, cancer, human trafficking, and a animals, religious concepts such as heaven or hell, variety of other topics, such as ocean conservation, fictional places, or other things from their creative human rights in Darfur, murdered and missing mind. Aboriginal women, elder abuse, marriage equality, and pollution. Trashion, using trash to make fashion, is one example of using art to raise imagined or observed objects in hard awareness about pollution. materials such as glass, metals, or wood in three dimensions. 7. Psychological and healing purposes. Art is Architecture- This form of art provides us also used by art therapists, psychotherapists and the physical structure we lived. It is a clinical psychologists as art therapy. The Diagnostic profound expression of human culture in a Drawing Series, for example, is used to determine particular period, and it will endure and the personality and emotional functioning of a outlive us in forms of monuments that future patient. The end product (the art object) is not the generations will study and strive to principal goal in this case, but rather a process of understand. healing, through creative acts, is sought. The Drawing- This form of art enhances the way resultant piece of artwork may also offer insight into we see the world around and conditions us the troubles experienced by the subject and may to capture its details in a two-dimensional suggest suitable approaches to be used in more medium. This has been a critical element of conventional forms of psychiatric therapy. art throughout history and in the contemporary art world. 8. Propaganda or commercialism. Art is often Photography- This form of art is a process utilized as a form of propaganda, and thus can be of creating portraits by recording radiation used to subtly influence popular conceptions or on a radiation-sensitive medium, such as mood (especially regarding political issues). In a electronic image sensors or photographic similar way, art that tries to sell a product also films. influences mood and emotion. In both cases, the purpose of art here is to subtly manipulate the 2. Performing Arts- These arts are those viewer into a particular emotional or psychological forms in which the artists used his/her own response toward a particular idea or object. body, face, and presence as a medium. Examples of these arts are as follows: CLASSIFICATIONS OF ART Theatre (Drama) - This form of art uses performers to present the experience of a Many changes in the arts took place during the real or imagined event before a live early modern period. Its classification can be on audience in a specific place and time. many characteristics, including form, shape, Music- This form of art helps to express our function, use, or social context. Works of art are mood and feel the way through our classified in many different ways, namely: emotions and ideas. Based on a study, different types of music may be suitable to 1. Visual Arts- These arts are those forms different moods though classical music is that create works which are primarily visual still recommended as the most calming (forms perceived by the eyes). The man can music option. take the beauty of nature through a piece of Dance- This form of art is expressed paper so that other people may take time through body movement which entails social appreciating the captured image. Examples interaction, or presented in a spiritual or of these arts include: performance setting. Film- This form of art allows us to explore Painting- This form of visual art aims to the complexities of the human situation. evoke an emotion from the viewers. It is This is used to work out our emotions, to practice by applying colors or other media to make history comes alive, science is a surface with a brush or other objects. explained, and literary works are brought Sculpture- This form of visual arts into life. characterized as the art of representing an  Installation Art- The fundamental nature of More than a century earlier, Henry David Thoreau this form of art is the participation of the (July 12, 1817–May 6, 1862) — one of humanity’s spectators. In this work of art, viewers greatest artists, in the most expansive sense of the become active and navigate the work in an word — brought his formidable intellect and environment that they can experience spiritual genius to this question in his 1849 visually. It also has the capacity of passing masterwork A Week on the Concord and on particular information about any Merrimack Rivers significant event around the world and Right around the time he was contemplating the interactively represents documentary myth of productivity and the true measure of issues. meaningful work, Thoreau writes: Opera- This form of art helps to tell stories through music. This is also performed with a “The Man of Genius may at the same time be, full orchestra composed of the various indeed is commonly, an Artist, but the two are not musical instrument sections. In this art form, to be confounded. The Man of Genius, referred to singers and musicians perform a dramatic mankind, is an originator, an inspired or demonic work by combining text (called a libretto) man, who produces a perfect work in obedience to and musical score. laws yet unexplored. The Artist is he who detects Stagecraft- This form of art is a technical and applies the law from observation of the works aspect of theatrical production. This of Genius, whether of man or nature. The Artisan is includes constructing and arranging he who merely applies the rules which others have scenery, hanging and focusing of lighting, detected. There has been no man of pure Genius; the design of costumes, makeup, and as there has been none wholly destitute of Genius.” procurement of props, stage management and recording and mixing of sound. Thoreau — who wrote beautifully about the dignity of defining one’s own success — argues that true 3. Literary Arts- These arts centered on genius is often met with resistance; that the test creative writing and other composition and mark of genius is how well one is able to stay processes which intended to read. These one’s course amid external pressures to conform to include prose and poetry (e.g., novels, short the beaten path: stories, sonnet, ballad, epic, and essay). “To the rarest genius it is the most expensive to succumb and conform to the ways of the world. Genius is the worst of lumber, if the poet would float LESSON 2: THOREAU’S DIFFERENCE upon the breeze of popularity. The bird of paradise BETWEEN AN ARTIST AND AN is obliged constantly to fly against the wind, lest its gay trappings, pressing close to its body, impede its ARTISAN free movements. “Talent is insignificant. I know a lot of talented He is the best sailor who can steer within the ruins,” James Baldwin admonished in his advice fewest points of the wind, and extract a motive to aspiring writers as he considered the real power out of the greatest obstacles. Most begin to building blocks of genius: “Beyond talent lie all the veer and tack as soon as the wind changes from usual words: discipline, love, luck, but most of all, aft, and as within the tropics it does not blow from endurance.” Two decades before that, in pondering all points of the compass, there are some harbors whether great artists are born or made, Jack which they can never reach.” Kerouac proclaimed: “Genius gives birth, talent delivers.” Not unlike we use the word “artist” today, Thoreau uses the word “poet” in more than its literal sense, connoting not just writers of poetry but creators who advertising is a craft is because what we produce enlarge our poetic appreciation of beauty and truth has a function. And that’s common to all objects through their work, whatever its nature. He writes: produced by a craftsman. And yet, sometimes - especially these days - it seems that we are also “It is the worshippers of beauty, after all, who have producing what could equally well be described as done the real pioneer work of the world. The poet aesthetic material without function, and that’s a will prevail to be popular in spite of his faults and in pure definition of art. spite of his beauties too. He will hit the nail on the head, and we shall not know the shape of his The definition is in a negative reaction hammer.” Food preparation is a very good example of To the artists whose genius goes unrecognized in something that might exist in all three definitions their lifetime, Thoreau offers the consolation of a simultaneously. vaster perspective: It is only the intention of the creator and the “The poet … will remember only that he saw truth reaction of the consumer that decide which and beauty from his position, and expect the time definition it falls into. Is a chef creating a work of art when a vision as broad shall overlook the same when they prepare food? Are they making field as freely.” something delicious? Are they creating something easily duplicated by others? Or are they just manufacturing fuel? Also, the reaction by the ARTIST. CRAFTSMAN. ARTISAN: WHAT is the creator to a rejection of the food can be anything DIFFERENCE? from derision of ignorance of what excellence is, to coming out of the kitchen with a meat cleaver. An Artist is someone who produces works like paintings or sculpture, or works in the performing The difference can be within what the individual arts, or is skilled at a particular task or occupation. does with the material they’re working with. The An Artisan is someone who is skilled in an applied artist might take a material and apply it in a totally art, or makes a distinctive product in small unique way to a subject. Whereas an Artisan or quantities. craftsman might work within the limits of the A Craftsman is someone who is a sort of amalgam material to get out of it the best they can. of both. Then there’s the acquisition of the skills and talent. So what is the difference? Craft is about learning as well as following teaching. Art is inherent in one’s soul and doesn’t The main difference is defined by how other people answer to the rules, and yet one needs to know the respond to the piece in question – especially when rules in order to break them. they don’t like it. It’s also about the intention of the IMPORTANCE OF ARTISANS AND TYPES OF creator – " Why am I doing this?" Although a ARTISANS craftsman might theoretically end up with a work of art… even by accident. Who are Artisans? Is Artistry about originality vs. duplication? Artisans are tradesmen and tradeswomen or craftsmen and craftswomen. They are skilled An Artisan will be expected to be able to duplicate workers that are involved in skilled trade using their their work, whereas an Artist is all about originality hands in making things, installing things, repairing every time. Creativity is key to all three in different things and maintaining things with the help of tools, levels of measure. However, the reason creativity in equipment or machinery. Unlike white collar jobs, these crafts persons are known for blue collar jobs. are quite different from craftsmen because they are As a matter of fact they are skilled manual workers skilled workers that make things using their hands that specialize in specific crafts. Artisan services owing to their dexterity (ability to make things or involve the use of hands in making crafts hence perform tasks using hands). The things made my these crafts are called handicrafts such that while artisans can have functional values, decorative the male artisans are called handicraftsmen, the values or aesthetic values. Besides, artisan female artisans are called handicraftswomen. products (i.e products made by artisans) may have Some artisans are also referred to as technicians higher value than those of craftsmen. Craftsmen as a result of their technical skills. In times past, on the other hand are skilled in crafts with lesser artisans are also called artificers. creativity but high replication. Craftsmen products(products made by craftsmen are called Artisans are divided into two categories. crafts) have mainly functional values. The products Artisans that teach or train others are called made by craftsmen may be of lesser value than masters while those learning from these masters those of artisans. We can therefore say to some are called apprentices or journeymen. extent that some craftsmen are artisans but not all artisans are craftsmen. Apprenticeship is the process and period of time for apprentices to learn crafts or trade fro m their Some Differences between Artisans and masters under agreed conditions. Technicians Importance of Artisans All technicians are artisans but not all artisans are 1. Artisans through their skills make things that technicians. This is because some artisans can be used at homes, offices and specialize in making only crafts while those that can industries install, repair and maintain things like automobiles, 2. Artisans help fix things for individuals, electricals, electronics, equipment, machinery, etc businesses, governmental and are technicians in their own right. Artisans have non-government organizations. practical knowledge than theories unlike 3. Artisans that are good in installation help technicians that have both theoretical and practical install things in homes, offices and knowledge. Thus, technicians possess practical industries. skills, know the techniques and understand theories 4. Artisan services are sources of blue collar about specific field of technology. Artisans undergo jobs which can reduce unemployment, apprenticeship and/or vocational and technical poverty and social vices. training for skills acquisition but technicians may 5. Artisan services enable people who are not undergo technical schools or institutions to acquire financially buoyant or academically sound to theoretical and practical skills. While artisans are be useful to themselves, their families and offered certificates of apprenticeship, technicians the society by learning vocational and can have certificates and even diplomas. technical skills. Technicians are better paid than artisans. However, 6. Artisans contribute to the economy of a artisans and technicians can be highly skilled or nation through their taxes paid to the semi-skilled. It is important to note that besides government. technologists, artisans and technicians are cadres of engineering. DIFFERENCE BETWEEN ARTISANS AND CRAFTSMEN CLASSIFICATION OF ARTISANS AND TYPES Although artisans and craftsmen are generally OF ARTISAN CRAFTS regarded to be the same, however it should be noted that they differ in some ways. Thus, artisans There are many ways to classify artisans. On this Bladesmiths: Bladesmiths are artisans that make context however, artisans and their crafts can be blades, knives, daggers and swords using classified into the following categories based on the hammers, anvils and other smithing tools. nature of work of artisans, artisans’ crafts, what artisans work with and what artisans work on. Goldsmiths: Goldsmiths are artisans that specialize in forging things from gold. Thus, can be 1. Woodworkers(woodland crafts): They are using gold in making jewelry artisans that work on, work with wooden materials. Those that manufacture using Gunsmiths: Gunsmiths are artisans that have the wood usually produce wooden crafts. skills to make guns. A gunsmith is an example of 2. Building and construction armorers. workers(building crafts): These are artisans that use their artisan skills to Locksmiths: Locksmiths are artisans that make contribute to the building and construction locks as well as unlock locks. The process of industry. They make use of metal materials, making locks is called locksmithing. wooden materials, chemicals, etc. 3. Textile workers(textile crafts): These are Nailsmiths: These are artisans that specialize in artisans that make use of textiles and fabric making nails which are fasteners used in materials. They more or less part of the construction and woodwork. fashion industry. Hence fashion designers or tailors that make clothes are textile Joiners: Joiners are artisans that are trained to join workers. Leather workers that make use of two or more things together. Joiners are makers of hides and skin in making shoes, bags, belts wooden furniture or fittings. Carpenters are joiners. and caps fall under this category. The process of getting these things joined is called 4. Metal Workers (Metal crafts): These are joinery. artisans that specialize in using metal materials. They make, install, repair and Coopers: Coopers are artisans that specialize in maintain metal stuff. Welders and making barrels and repairing barrels. They are can fabricators fall under this category of also make wooden vessels and repair wooden artisans. vessels- making casks, repair casks, make buckets, repair buckets, make tubs and repair tubs. TYPES OF ARTISANS OR TYPES OF ARTISAN SERVICES Dyers: Dyers are artisans that are specially trained to dye cloth or fabrics. An artisan specializes in a particular craft. Thus, an artisan service varies depending on the skill of Furriers: Furriers are artisans that specialize in individual artisans making fur clothes, selling fur clothes and repairing fur clothes. Armorers: These are artisans that specialize in making of weapons. An example of an armorer is a Hatters: Hatters are artisans that specializing in gunsmith. making hats, selling hats and repairing hats. Blacksmiths: Blacksmiths are artisans that Potters: Potters are artisans that are trained in specialize in making or forging iron. Ironsmiths and making pots and ceramic wares. Thus, potters use iron benders are typical examples of blacksmiths. clay in making vessels. The process of making these pots is called pottery. Rope makers: Rope makers are artisans that are Tilers that specialize in tiling. They are hired for skillful in rope making. In fact, they make ropes. tiling jobs or tiling services Saddlers: Saddlers are artisans that make seats or Electricians that specialize in electrical works or tacks that are used in horses’ back, bikes, bicycles, electrical services. They are hired for electrical jobs and others. or electrical services which could be electrical installations, electrical repairs and electrical Shoemakers and Cobblers: Shoemakers are maintenance. artisans that specialize in making shoes and the process is called shoemaking. Cobblers are Painters that specialize in painting: They are hired artisans that repair shoes hence otherwise called for painting jobs or painting services shoe repairers or shoe menders. Carpenters that specialize in carpentry. They are Stonemasons: Stonemasons are artisans that hire for carpentry jobs or carpentry services. work with stones. Roofers specialize in roofing while furniture makers specialize in making furniture. Tailors and Seamstresses: Tailors are tradesmen(male artisans) that makes and amends Hairdressers and barbers that specialize in men’s clothing while seamstresses makes and hairdressing and barbing respectively. amends women’s clothing. Tailors and seamstresses are also called fashion designers or Welders and fabricators that specialize in welding fashion makers. In fact, they sew clothes and repair and fabrication. They are hired for welding and clothes. fabrication jobs or welding and fabrication services. Tanners: Tanners are artisans that tan hides to Artists and craftsmen that specialize in making leathers which can be used in making shoes, bags artworks and crafts respectively. They are hired for and belts. Tannery is the place where hides are arts and crafts jobs or services. tanned and the process of converting hides to leathers is called tanning. Decorators that specialize in decorations. They are hired for decoration jobs or decoration services. Weavers: These are artisans that are capable of twisting strands or materials of different lengths Bead makers that specialize in bead making. They over others. It can be human hairs or hair are hire for bead making jobs or bead making extensions, baskets, sieves, etc. services. Bead making trainers are known to provide bead making training. Besides the above types of artisans the following are also some types of artisans. Bricklayers that specialize in bricklaying. They are also called masons and what they do is called masonry. They are contracted for building residential and commercial homes and offices respectively. Plumbers that specialize in plumbing. They are hired for plumbing jobs or plumbing services