Art Appreciation PDF

Art as Science -appreciation of works of art Arts and Humanities requires organized effort and Humanities systematic study....

Art as Science -appreciation of works of art Arts and Humanities requires organized effort and Humanities systematic study. Questions/idea - came from the latin word Subject on the piece HUMANUS which means human, Medium that he must use cultured, and refined. Elements Message 3 aspects of Humanities Human thought Art Feelings -a visual object or experience consciously Human relationships created through an expression of skill or Art imagination. - generally refers to painting, sculpture, -comes from latin word ARTI which means photography, literature music, architecture, craftsmanship, skill, mastery of form and dance, and the theatre. inventiveness. The history of art started since 6 misconceptions about art immemorial. 1. Art must be perfect Kinds of Prehistoric/Stone age art: 2. Drawing and Painting go hand in hand Petroglyphs 3. More colors are always better 4. Small canvases over big canvases Are random rock carvings and 5. Painting is easy engravings. 6. Quantity equals quality The carvings has no sequence or story. 2 major varieties of Art: Pictographs 1. Fine Art -creative art, especially visual art Are graphic imagery symbols. whose products are to be Has a story and sequence. appreciated primarily or solely for Needs to be viewed on a specific their imaginative, aesthetic, or direction to be understood. intellectual content. Megalithic Art 2. Minor Art found on the structural elements of -pieces are used or created for megalithic tombs, such as practical or everyday purposes. capstones, kerbstones, and orthostats. Other classifications of Art  1. Visual Art 2. Shape -artworks which are visual in nature Created when line meets up to enclose a space. -ex: painting, sculpture, architecture. Geometric- mathematical shapes. 2. Performing arts Organic- irregular, imperfect, and curved - artist utilizes their own body, face, and shapes that resemble things found in presence as medium nature. -theatre and dance 3.Form 3. Literary art When the shape is added with -centered in creative writing depth to create a 3d form. -poems, sonnet and ballad. 4.Space Artist - is what lies between, around or within an object. -is a person who performs any of the creative arts. 2d techniques -produces indirectly functional arts with Overlapping aesthetic value using imagination. - When and obeject is drawn or painted on top of another object. Artisan -is a skilled worker who makes things by hand. Placement -object higher up in the picture -creates art that has a purpose/functional. plane will seem to the viewer’s eye ( jewelry, furniture) to be further away than objects placed low down in the picture frame. Elements of Art Size 1. Line -Smaller objects look as if they are Is a moving ng dot. further away than larger objects. Has a beginning and an end. Detail Solid line- if the dots -The further away an object, the overlap less detail is visible to the viewer. Dotted line- if the dots -By purposely reducing the don’t overlap amount of detail in an object it will Outline- if a line joins up, appear further away than an object also called a contour. with greater detail. -creates shape.  Color and Value - Objects in the distance usually appear cooler (bluer) and lighter in 2. Sculpture colour. an artistic form in which hard or -Close up objects appear warmer plastic materials are worked into and darker in value. three-dimensional art objects - an ancient art form dating from Perspective the Ancient Greeks and Egyptians. -Can be used to create the feeling of depth on a 2-dimensional 3. Architecture surface. The most commonly used -functionality and artistry. perspective types are linear and 2- point perspective. 4. Literature -Words 5. Music – rhythm 6. Dance 5. Value -is the movement of the body in a -is how light or dark something is. rhythmic way, usually to music and There is a scale of light and dark within a given space, for the from pure white through to pitch purpose of expressing an idea or black. The value of a colour emotion, releasing energy, or depends on how light or dark it is simply taking delight in the compared to the value scale. movement itself. 6. Color 7. Theatre or theater - is created when light is reflected - is a collaborative form of into the viewer’s eye. In art, colours performing art that uses live are arranged on a colour wheel. performers, typically actors or -The colour wheel was developed actresses, to present the by Isaac Newton who took the experience of a real or imagined colour spectrum and bent it into a event before a live audience in a circle. specific place, often a stage. 7. Texture 8. Cinema – “movies” - is the way an object feels to Storytelling Visuals Sound the touch. Why do we need to appreciate art? Different forms of art The main goal is to feel 1. Paintings connected to a piece of art and to - are the most common and well- understand what it's trying to say known of all the art forms. to people. - artists use paint on canvas, paper, It stimulates thought and or other materials to create a piece analysis, provokes an individual to of art.  look past what meets the eye and subjective experience. Certain open our mind to the movements have described their intentions as an aim to evoke views of others. moods or emotions in the viewer. To be able to enjoy your own art if you feel like making one. Ways of Presenting the Subject Subject matter in art 1. Naturalism. - in art refers to the depiction What is a subject in ART? of realistic objects in a natural is the visual focus or the image setting. The Realist movement that may be extracted from of the 19th century advocated examining the artwork It is simply naturalism in reaction to the THE WHAT? stylized and idealized depictions of subjects in What is actually depicted in this Romanticism, but many artwork? painters have used a similar What is the artist trying to approach over the centuries. express to the world 2. Realism What is his or her message? And - in the arts is generally the how are they conveying that attempt to represent subject message? matter truthfully, without artificiality and avoiding TYPES OF SUBJECT MATTER IN ART speculative fiction and supernatural 44 elements. Some artworks have subjects and Realism has been prevalent in some do not. The art pieces which the arts at many periods, and use a specific subject is called can be in large part a matter of technique and training, and Representational art or objective the avoidance of style. art; while those that have no 3. Abstraction: It is the capability subjects are called of the artist to use their nonrepresentational or non- imagination to look beyond objective art. what we can physically see and translate intangible Non-representational or non- emotions onto the canvas. objective art, on the other hand, - It is also the ability of the refers to compositions which do audience to then try to not rely on connect to the artist’s intention and free their own representation, we can look at mind of visual restrictions. non-representational art as the personal expression of an artist's  This is a method of presenting -This method mirrors the evils the subject where the artist of the present society. moves away from reality. Surrealism means super Distortion realism, influenced by Elongation Freudian psychology which Mangling emphasizes the activities of Cubism the subconscious state of the mind. The art movement 4. Symbolism. This is the use of a began in Paris in 1924 by the visible sign of an idea to French poet Andre Breton. convey to the viewers, readers - It emphasized the activities or audiences the message of of the subconscious mind his work. In this way, mystery mostly exemplifying violence is advocated by an art work and cruelty. The surrealist’s making it more interesting to aim is to reveal the deep and the viewers. ugly part of human nature. -The key to eliciting symbolic art involves studying the 7. Expressionism. background and personality of -This features art works the artist and his inspiration in describing pathos, morbidity, producing the said piece of chaos or even defeat and was work. introduced in Germany from 1900 – 1910. Expressionists 5. Fauvism believe that man needs -is the name applied to the spiritual rebirth for him to work produced by a group of correct defects that ruin the artists (which included Henri society. Matisse and André Derain) from around 1905 to 1910, The Artist and His medium which is characterised by strong colours and fierce Production brushwork. made using bold, - is at the heart of making art. non-naturalistic colours (often applied directly from the Medium- refers to the tube), and wild loose dabs of materials, which the artists paint. uses to objectify their feeling or thought. 6.Futurism. -This was developed in Italy Paintings Pigments like ink, about the same time as oil, water color etc cubism appeared in France. Sculpture Stone of wood and metal in sculpture. 6. Surrealism.  Architecture Building put and the idea he wants to communicate. materials, like hollow blocks, The nature and special characteristic of the sand, rocks etc. medium itself Music Sounds, coming from 2. The artist select a medium that he can musical instrument or sang by handle well, suits its purpose and brings out people the best qualities he wants to show. Literature, Words 3. Every artist when choosing his medium According to medium, the arts also considers a budget or cost are classified into 1. Visual Arts – medium The Artist Technique that can be seen and Artist knowledge of his medium and skill occupy space 2D- in achieving what he wants to do. paitntings, drawing, printmaking and The technique of the artwork shows the photography 3D – level of familiarity with the medium being sculpture, architecture, manipulated. landscaping etc. 2. Auditory or Time arts – In painting --- color mixing is essential those mediums that can IN music, singing technique in also essential be heard and express in to capture the audience time. Examples: Music starts In dancing – unique moves capture even and end after 3-5 bigger audience minutes Dance starts and Techniques varies from one artist to the ends after 3-5 minutes other 3. Combined arts – medium Technique and creativity come hand in that can be seen and hand heard and which exist in both space and time. The Artist Curation These are dance, drama, Curation Derived from the word “curare” opera or movies. which means to take care. It is a process that Common name for this involves managing, overseeing and classification is assembling or putting together a “Performing Arts” presentation or exhibit for some type of The Artist and His Medium artistic collection. 1. Artist gives shapes on his vision, his first Art curation thought is what medium employ. The choice - is the process of selecting, organizing, and of materials is influence by practical presenting artworks in a way that conveys a considerations such as availability of specific theme or message to an audience, materials to use which the art object will be encapsulating both the aesthetic and Media of Visual Arts contextual significance of the pieces. 2. Drawing Visual Arts Medium The fundamental skill needed in Encaustic the visual arts. a painting technique that involves Different Media for Drawing: applying a heated, pigmented wax Pencils- Made of graphite which to a surface and then fusing the comes in different hardness from layers together with heat soft to hard or thickness from thick Oil paint to needle-like. -is a type of slow-drying paint that consists of particles of pigment Pencil Shading Techniques: suspended in a drying oil, Hatching- A series of thin parallel commonly linseed oil. Oil paint lines that run in the same direction. also has practical advantages over other paints, mainly because it is Cross-hatching- A series of thin waterproof. parallel lines and criss-crossing it with another set of tin parallel Tempera lines. - a permanent, fast-drying painting medium consisting of Stippling- Uses the sharp point of pigments mixed with a water- the pencil to make dot patterns in soluble binder medium, usually some parts of the drawing. glutinous material such as egg yolk Blending- May be accomplished by Fresco is a painting technique that using the finger or a paper stump involves applying water-based to gradually change the tone from paint to wet plaster on a wall dark to light. Watercolor a medium in which dry pigment is Pastel-This is composed of dry mixed first with a binder (usually pigment held together by a gum gum arabic), then with water and binder and compressed into sticks. then applied with a brush to a Kinds of Pastel support such as vellum, paper, or ✓ Soft Pastel even ivory. Hard Pastel ✓ Oil Pastel Acrylic painting - is a type of painting that uses 2 Kinds of Charcoal: Compressed acrylic paint, a fast-drying, water- Charcoal based paint that is made of -The vine charcoal which comes in pigment suspended in acrylic thin sticks that is easy to blend and polymer emulsion. erase.  Manufactured Charcoal- Made Stone- A natural medium. Hard from loose charcoal mixed with a and relatively permanent. binder and pressed into sticks. WoodAlso a natural medium. II. Plastic or Three-Dimensional It varies in hardness and durability depending on the kind of tree it Arts Sculpture- Originated from came from. Metal- It has three the Latin word “sculpere” which unique qualities: tensile means to carve. strength, ductility and malleability. It is defined as the art or practice of creating threedimensional forms Plaster- It is finely ground or figures. gypsum mixed with water and 3 Kinds of Sculptures: poured into mold. Freestanding- Sculptures which can be viewed Terra cotta (cooked earth)- Baked from all sides. clay or clay fired in a kiln at a relatively high temperature. f. g. Relief- Sculptures in which the figures Glass- Made by heating and project from a background. cooling a combination of sand and Kinetic (mobile)- soda lime. A sculpture that is capable of movement by wind, water or other Plastic- Synthetic medium made forms of energy from organic polymers. The Process of Creating Sculptures Architecture - Art of designing A. Subtractive Process Involves buildings and other structures removing or cutting away pieces of which will serve a definite function. the material to form the figure. B. Additive Process The process Construction Principles involves the construction of a figure by putting together bits of Post and Lintel- Makes use of the material or by welding two vertical supports (post) and together metal parts to create spanned by a horizontal beam figures. (lintel). It was invented by the C. Process of Substitution This Greeks. process is also known as casting. This method involves using a mold Arch- A Roman invention that to produce a 3D figure in another consists of separate pieces of material. wedge-shaped blocks called voussoirs arranged in a semi-circle Different Media of Sculpture: Materials that are used for Creating Building and Infrastructures:  works that are meant to be Stones and Bricks- Stones are performed. favored over other materials for its durability, adaptability to sculptural Music treatment and its use for building -Defined as the art of combining simple structures in its natural and regulating sounds of varying state. pitch to produce compositions that express various ideas and feelings. Lumber (wood)- All parts of a Genres of Music: building can be constructed using Classical Music- European wood except the foundations. tradition that covered the years of 1750 to 1830. Forms such as the Iron and Steel- Provide stronger symphony, concerto, and sonata and taller structures with less use were standardized. of material when compared to stone or wood. Folk Music- Originated in the traditional popular culture or is Concrete- Mixture of cement and written in such a style. water, with aggregates of sand and gravel Pop Music- Began in the 1950s and is inspired in the tradition of Literature and the Combined Arts rock and roll. Literature – Art of combining spoken or written Jazz- Originated in the African- words and their meanings into American communities in the late forms which have artistic and 19th and early 20th centuries. emotional appeal Blues- Originated from the African Types of Literature Americans in the deep South of the United States in the late 19th Poetry- It used to follow strict Century. rules s to the number and length of lines and stanzas but in recent Rock Music- Form of popular years they have become more free- music that evolved from rock and flowing roll and pop music. Fiction-Written work that is not Alternative Music- A style of rock real and which uses elaborate music that emerged from the figurative language. independent music of the 1980s and gained popularity in the 1990s. Non-fiction- Subject matter comes from real life. Drama- Dance Includes all plays or any written - Is said to be the oldest of the arts. It is the man’s gestures that Comedy- Exact opposite of express emotions through tragedy. rhythmic movements. Satire- Portrays human weakness and criticized human behavior to Types of Dance: Ethnologic pave the path to some form of (ethnic)- Includes folk dances salvation for human actions. e. associated with national and/or Farce- Light humorous play in cultural Social or which the emphasis is on the jokes, humorous physical action, Ballroom- Type of dancing that are exaggerated situations and generally performed in pairs. improbable characters. Ballet- Originated in the royal courts of the Medieval era. Cinema- Series of images that are projected onto a screen to create Social or Ballroom- Sometimes the illusion of motion. called contemporary or interpretative dances. They Genres of Motion Pictures: represent rebellion against the classical formalism of ballet. Feature Films- Commonly shown in movie theaters. Musical Comedy (musicale)- Refers to those dances performed by one Animated movies- Use images dancer or a group of dancers. created by artists/ animators. Drama and Theatre and Genres of Documentary movies- deal Drama primarily with facts, not fiction. Drama – Experimental films- Sequence of Genre of literature that is intended images, literal or abstract, which do to be acted-out or performed on not necessarily form a narrative. stage in front of an audience. Educational Films- Specifically Theatre- Combined art that intended to facilitate learning at includes music, dance, painting, home or classrooms. sculpture, and architecture. People Behind a Motion Picture Genres of Drama (DiYanni, 2000): Tragedy- literature’s greatest Actors- Play the roles of the dramatic genre. characters. Melodrama- Emphasizes the never ending battle between good Producer- handles finances. and evil wherein good always wins.  Screenwriter- develops stories guitar and a violin for example. In and ideas for the screen or adapts the same way, people can be interesting written pieces of work identified by their voices. as motion pictures. 5. Form - is the structure or the Director- Studies the script, plans framework of a composition Form and visualizes how the film should has the ff parts: Phrase- is a short , be portrayed and guides the actors musical idea like a sentence in and the production crew as they English Section: combination of carry out the project. phrases like paragraph in English. A music / song can have more than 1 Elements of the Auditory and section Combined Arts Form can be classified in 2 Music Binary --- with 2 sections 1. Rhythm - is a movement or Ternary: -- with 3 sections pattern with uniform recurrence of 6. Dynamics - is the loudness and accented and accented beat softness of the sound in music indicated by symbols to regulate 2. Melody - is the succession of the volume of the sound. tones arranged in such a way as to pianissimo - very soft give it a musical sense. It may also p piano - soft refer to the rising and falling of the mp mezo piano - half soft tune in time. ff fortissimo - very loud crescendo - gradually becoming 3. Harmony - is the sounding of a louder series of groups of tones in the decrescendo - gradually same time. It may also refer to the becoming softer pleasing sound that is produced when two or more notes are Dance Elements of Dance played together. Concordance 1. Music results when the combination of - plays an important role in sounds are in agreement which the dance to which it is makes it sound good while closely related. It should be Dissonance results when the melodic and harmonious and combination is not pleasant t0 fits into the movements of the 4. Timbre – dance. Music motivates the is tonal quality or the character of dancers to move in tune with the tone that is produced by an its rhythm. The background instrument or by the human voice. music of the dance functions Timbre allows the listener to to captivate the interest and distinguish the sound between a awe of the audience. 2. Movement 7. Costume. The type of dance -is how the dancers use their performed and the costumes worn bodies to move and create relate closely to the customs, organized patterns. Dancers beliefs, and environment of the also use gestures which people. Costumes enhance the express specific emotions or effect of the dance. ideas in sign language. Elements of Drama 3. Choreography Drama - refers to how the steps and movements are connected for - is basically one of the genres of literature it to be performed in an that is written primarily to be performed. organized manner. The The performance is done by actors on stage choreography guides the before a live audience. dancers’ movements for them to perform the movement, 1. Plot is the overall structure of the convey the message and tell play. It is concerned about what the story through body the story is all about. Traditional language. plots have a beginning, a middle, and an ending. 4. Technique is the skill of the dancer in The Plot progresses through the executing the movements. A following: good dancer has complete control over the muscles of Exposition is the part that the body thus creating grace familiarizes the audience with the and fluidity of movements. characters and the situation they are in. 5. Theme is the content or the main ingredient of the dance. Complication happens in the It tells what the dance is middle part of the play which trying to convey. It has develops the conflict that was something to do with the started in the exposition. message of the dance. Resolution is also called the 6. Design is the planned anticlimax or the part where organization or patterns of conditions in the story are movement in time and space. normalized and the situation Pattern in time, is provided by becomes stable. rhythm to be executed in space on a stage or dance floor.  4. Color in the movies is an 2. Setting is the locale and period innovation in cinematography. It in which the story takes place. It costs twice as much as the black includes the scenery, props and and white films. Most films are now costumes used in staging. It is the shown in high definition (HD) color. background of the play that informs the audience where and 5. Make-up, Hair and Costume when the story will take place. Design. These people are responsible for applying the 2. Characters are the persons specific type of make-up, hairstyle involved in the story. They may and costume to the actors before seem real to the audience they face the camera. depending on how the playwright structures the dialogues to make 5. Sound, Camera and Special the characters come to life. Effects Technicians. Sound technicians are responsible Elements of Cinema for making the dialogue clear and music of fine quality. They 1. Acting and the Stars. make sure that there is no background noise. Acting is the art of portraying or impersonating a character The use of cameras and the in the story. A performer functions of the special effects during filming should embody technician is indispensable in the character he is portraying. cinematography. They The actor’s portrayal must be decide on the use of perfect and complete. masking, the choice of lens, the camera angle and 2. Set and Directors should know the control of camera the setting of the story and build artificial sets. 3. Music movements. and Musical Director. 3. Music is indispensable in motion pictures. The musical director is in charge of selecting, composing new songs, writing orchestration, preparing background music, creating musical scores and supervising all recording.