Theater Arts PDF

Theater Arts problematic about his views, opinions, and way of life. Theater arts - Encompasses a broad range of OUTLINE of Aristotle's Theo...

Theater Arts problematic about his views, opinions, and way of life. Theater arts - Encompasses a broad range of OUTLINE of Aristotle's Theory of Tragedy in human activity. It is everything that audience can the POETICS feel which makes up the core of the human experience. Thought/Theme/Ideas Fourth Wall - Rules of the game in theater arts. Represents the meaning of the play An imaginary wall separates the audience from beyond the plot. the performers. In most traditional plays, actors Can be clearly stated in the title or pretend the audience isn't there. expressed through dialogue. May emerge subtly and requires THE DRAMATIC FORM reflection to uncover. Drama - is an art form of both literature and Action/Plot performing arts. Must exhibit unity and clarity, forming a connected pattern of actions. Involves conflict and movement through stages: initial entanglement, rising action, climax, falling action, and resolution. Characters Individuals in the play with distinct The flow of drama according to Freytag’s personalities, ages, appearances, triangle beliefs, socio-economic backgrounds, Exposition - setting and characters are and languages. both introduced, Each character contributes to the Rising Action - Introduction of conflict progression of the plot. Climax - The turning point or most intense moment Language Falling Action - Consequences of the climax Refers to the playwright's word choices Resolution - conclusion of the plot and the actors' delivery. Advances the plot, provides exposition, and defines characters. TYPES OF CONFLICT: Each playwright has a unique style in Man vs Man - protagonist versus the language and dialogue. existence of another protagonist. It is Music also known as a Physical problem. Man vs Society - when the protagonist Encompasses rhythm in dialogue and is belittled and challenged by different speech, as well as musical compositions events that transpired in the society. in musical theater. Man vs Himself - problem. Usually happens when the protagonist if  Adds depth and enhances the overall Plot - Is the story to be interpreted experience of the theatrical onstage. presentation. Music - Highlights each scene which includes the light changes. Spectacle Spectacle - Includes the overall look of the production with the visual and sound Includes visual elements such as effects onstage. scenery, costumes, and special effects. Creates the atmosphere and world of the play, appealing to the audience's visual senses. KINDS OF THEATER VENUE Proscenium Theater - a theater space whose major feature is KINDS OF DRAMAS an arch, and is usually located near or Tragedy - is usually associated to the at the very front of the stage. downfall of the character. - means in front of the scenery from Latin Comedy - came from the greek work komazein which means wanderer. Thrust Theatre Melodrama - creates a typical story - A Stage surrounded by audience on wherein protagonist is challenged to three sides. solve the problem but guided with - The Fourth side serves as the romance. background. Absurd - doesn’t follow any pattern and - In a typical modern arrangement: the it is non-sequitur. It is a dream-like stage is often a square or rectangular presentation of a plot. playing area, usually raised, surrounded Farce - A light dramatic work in which by raked seating. highly improbable plot situations, exaggerated characters, and often Arena Theatre. slapstick elements are used for - A central stage surrounded by audience humorous effect. on all sides. Satire - the use of humor, irony, - The stage area is often raised to exaggeration, or ridicule to expose and improve sightlines. criticize people's stupidity or vices, particularly in the context of Flexible Theatre. contemporary politics and other topical - Sometimes called a "Black Box" theatre issues. - These stages are often big empty boxes Musical - Is meant to be sung. A good painted black inside. example is Miss Saigon, Wicked etc. - Stage and seating not fixed. ELEMENTS OF THEATER THEATRICAL STYLES Directing - Holds the styling and Realistic. A realistic drama is a interpretation of the drama. dramatic play that follows the realism of Acting - Breathing the life to the life. characters on stage. Camp. Susan Sontag notes on camp Production Design - Hold the visual narrates that, camp is a sensibility (as highlights of the dramatic presentation. distinct from an idea) is one of the hardest things to talk about; the essence  of Camp is its love of the unnatural: of truth, one being the “magic if.” If is a artifice and exaggeration. And Camp is word which can transform our thoughts. esoteric Inner truth is what we sense when a Symbolism. It may not be popular but performer’s conveying of an emotion or influential, very poetic and more on to feeling is an accurate reflection of a Celebrations of the "beautiful and character’s feelings. sublime". 5. Emotional Recall - remembering of a Expressionism. Originated in post-WWI past experience in the performer’s life Germany and generally focused upon that is similar to the one in the play. subjective reality-the reality as 6. Objectives - Stanislavski determined perceived by one figure. This tended these actions by asking three essential toward distortion, grotesqueness which questions: What? Why? How? became politicized because central 7. Through line of a role - To help figure was oppressed, therefore viewed develop the through line, Stanislavski oppressive world as distorted and urged performers to divide scenes into grotesque. units (sometimes called beats). In each Theatre of Cruelty. Originated by unit there is an objective, and the Artaud, the theatre essentially as intermediate objectives running through ritual-like experience in which spectator a play lead ultimately to the overall contacts his own psyche, shocking objective. usually, sometimes brutally aggressive. Absurdism. Starts after WWII grouping Rehearsal Process of writers. Generally illustrates futility of 1. Reading all human activity and its 2. Blocking meaninglessness. Celebrates or 3. Polishing explores the fragility of meaning in 4. Technical human intercourse and challenges 5. Dress human explanations for phenomena 6. Show THE METHOD OF ACTING 1. Relaxation - Unwanted tension has to be eliminated and that the performer must attain at all times a state of physical and vocal relaxation. PHILIPPINE THEATER 2. Concentration and observation - To help actors develop powers of Pre-Hispanic Era concentration on stage, Stanislavski encouraged them to observe and Theater and performing arts were linked concentrate in real life. to rituals and folk customs. 3. Importance of specifics - When a Early performances were religious and script does not indicate such tangible connected to nature worship. actions, the actor or actress must find The babaylan (priestess) acted as an them. A performer should never try to oracle, leading rituals with music, dance, act in general, that is, try to convey the and offerings. idea of a feeling such as fear or love in Performances were tribal and mimetic, some vague, amorphous way. representing ethnic communities' 4. Inner Truth - Stanislavski had several beliefs. ideas of how to achieve a sense of inner  Dulaan U.P. developed student talents in various theater roles. Spanish Colonial Era Modern theater discusses societal trends and issues, often seen in Carlos Theater became religious, integrating Palanca Awards and Virgin Labfest. into town fiestas and Catholic Key Playwrights: Rene Villanueva, celebrations. Mario O’Hara, Frank Rivera, Rolando Popular performances: Tinio. ○ Pasyon and Senakulo (Lenten season) Contemporary Philippine Theater ○ Pangangaluluwa (All Souls’ Day) Focuses on aspirations, gender ○ Pastores and Panunuluyan equality, and nation's democracy. (Christmas vignettes) Mix of dramatic styles that reflect the ○ Santacruzan (Flores de Mayo) dynamic nature of modern life. Other forms: Moro-moro: Battle between Moors and Christians. Komedya: Metrical tale with princes and princesses. American Period FILM Bodabil (Vaudeville) and Sarswela became popular. Film - a photographic material on which visual Sarswela like Dalagang Bukid and Ang images and sound are printed. Kiri featured kundiman music. Severino Reyes' Walang Sugat The term “cinema” was derived from a French became the top sarswela. word “cinematographe” which means movie and Rise of seditious plays: motion or in other words, motion picture. ○ Aurelio Tolentino’s Kahapon, Ngayon at Bukas ○ Juan Abad’s Tanikalang Ginto Post-War Era to Modern Times ELEMENTS OF FILM PETA (Philippine Educational Theater Association) produced plays reflecting 1. Screenplay social issues. The backbone of the film, written by a Tanghalang Pilipino focused on scriptwriter. Western plays in Filipino, led by Two types: Spec Script (pre-written by Rolando Tinio. the writer) and Commissioned Script Gantimpala Theater Foundation (written upon request by producers, focused on classics like Ibong Adarna directors, or actors). and Florante at Laura. Ricky Lee's six elements for writing a Repertory Philippines brought film: Western-style plays to the country. ○ Concept: The theme of the film.  ○ Premise: The "What if?" ○ Cinematographers manage question to make the story camera work: lighting, angles, exciting. and shot composition. ○ Statement: The plot ○ They create the visual style and elaboration. atmosphere of each scene. ○ Millieu: Time and place 6. Editing (setting). ○ Happens during ○ Characters: Give life and post-production. dialogue to the screen. ○ The editor selects and arranges ○ Structure: Organizes the entire scenes, often deleting film. unnecessary shots, and connects the remaining angles to create a seamless story. 7. Music 2. Direction ○ Enhances the emotional tone, The director holds overall artistic builds tension, and control of the film. complements key scenes. Types: 8. Sound ○ Actors' Director: Focuses on ○ Includes dialogue, dubbing, the performance and and even silence to add believability of characters. meaning to each scene. ○ Visual Director: Focuses on ○ Creates atmosphere and aids in production design, often with a storytelling. background in visual arts. ○ Film Director: Masters both acting and cinematography styles. TYPES OF FILM Directors work closely with producers, who handle budget, promotions, and 1. Narrative Film legal aspects. ○ Also known as Commercial or Mainstream Film. ○ Focuses on fictional characters and stories. 3. Production Design ○ Example: Movies from Star ○ Involves everything seen on Cinema. screen: props, location, lighting, 2. Documentary Film costumes, makeup, and visual ○ Focuses on real people and effects. actual events. ○ The production designer ○ No scripted lines; often uses ensures the set aligns with the interviews and real dialogues. film's aesthetic. 3. Experimental Film 4. Acting ○ Also known as Indie or Digital ○ Lead actors play the primary Film. roles. ○ Uses new styles and ○ Supporting actors complement approaches in storytelling. the leads. ○ Extras or bit-players have minimal or no speaking lines. FILM GENRES 5. Cinematography  1. Drama Silent films dominated the early film ○ Characterized by emotional industry. scenes and often associated No synchronized sound, but films were with crying. often accompanied by live musicians 2. Comedy and sound effects. ○ Focuses on humor and makes Intertitles were used for dialogue and the audience laugh. narration. ○ Celebrates life and being alive. 3. Action/Adventure 3. The Sound Era (Late 1920s onwards) ○ Features physical struggles and risky situations. New technology introduced 4. Mystery/Crime synchronized sound (speech, music, ○ Creates a suspenseful and sound effects). thrilling atmosphere with These films were called "talkies" or inquisitive plot twists. talking pictures. 5. Romantic Comedy ○ A blend of humor and love 4. Black-and-White vs. Color stories. 6. Biography Color films gradually replaced ○ Depicts the real-life stories of black-and-white as color processes real people. became affordable. 7. Sci-Fi/Science Fiction By the 1960s, color became the ○ Uses modern technology and standard for filmmaking. futuristic gadgets as key elements. 5. The 2000s: Documentary, Animation, 8. Fantasy Digital Filmmaking & 3D ○ Features magic, mythological creatures, and worlds beyond The rise of modernized films as a reality. commercial genre, driven by profit and 9. Horror sustainability. ○ Dark, gothic, and often Digital technology revolutionized associated with evil or filmmaking and distribution. supernatural forces. Platforms like YouTube and other online video services increased the demand for audio-visual content. 3D films became popular during this BRIEF HISTORY OF FILM era. 1. The Birth of the Moving Picture Philippine Film History Early films were static shots of events 1. Early Beginnings (1890s-1930s) with no editing or cinematic techniques. ○ Film began with Swiss Referred to as the "peeping hole," the filmmakers showing film clips in first versions were viewing machines the 1890s. that displayed images through paper ○ 1912: Two Americans created a prints on a rotating drum. movie about José Rizal. ○ José Nepomuceno: "Father of 2. The Silent Era (Late 19th century - 1920s) Philippine Movies" for his 1919  film "Dalagang Bukid" (live 4. 1980s and Beyond sounds added by performers). ○ Barkada-themed movies and ○ 1930s: Filipino filmmakers like English comedies like Vicente Salumbides and Gosiengfiao’s Temptation Julian Manansala began Island and Bagets. producing films. ○ Film industry faced challenges: 2. Golden Age of Philippine Cinema foreign films, producers' (1950s) preferences, audience taste, ○ After Japanese liberation, films censorship, and became popular entertainment entertainment tax. in Manila. 5. Contemporary Philippine Cinema ○ Creation of major film studios: ○ Today, independent films are LVN (comedy, metrical gaining popularity, blending tales) Western and Korean Sampaguita Pictures influences while keeping (women-themed, faithful to Filipino culture. komiks adaptations, ○ Challenges include foreign musical) competition, producers' Premiere Films (action) control, and censorship. Lebran (historical epics) ○ Awards: First Philippine film awards were the Maria Clara PROBLEMS OF PHILIPPINE FILM TODAY Awards (now FAMAS). ○ Gerry de Leon won Excessive Tax international acclaim for Actors' Working Attitude Genghis Khan. Invasion of Foreign Film 3. 1960s Film Era Producers ○ Rise of fan culture: Popular Censorship tandems like Nora Aunor & The Taste of the Audience Tirso Cruz III and Vilma Santos & Bobot Mortiz. ○ Emergence of "bomba" films (softcore sex films) and cowboy movies. ○ Martial Law (1970s): BCMP (now MTRCB) created under Marcos. ○ Rise of brilliant filmmakers like: Lino Brocka (Tinimbang Ka Ngunit Kulang, Maynila sa Kuko ng Liwanag) Ishmael Bernal (Himala, City After Dark) Celso Ad Castillo, Eddie Romero, Peque Gallaga, Mario O’Hara.