ART APP Prelims PDF

LESSON 1 ART: Introduction to in its own way, are doing basically the same thing-providing a wealth of intrinsic values, as Humanities well as giving insig...

LESSON 1 ART: Introduction to in its own way, are doing basically the same thing-providing a wealth of intrinsic values, as Humanities well as giving insight into what matters most Humanus is the Latin word for humanities, which Content of the Humanities means “human, cultured, and refined.” ✓ Man’s experiences What are the Humanities? ✓ His values ✓ His sentiments - They are records of man’s quest for answers ✓His ideals to the fundamental questions he asks about ✓His goals himself and about life. ✓His dreams - The study of how people process and document the human experience. Why do the Humanities Matter? - “What am I?” - “Who am I?” Insights into Everything - “Why am I what I am?” - Man learns how to think creatively and critically - “Why am I in this world?” - He learns to reason, and to ask questions - “Where do I go from here?” - “What is my purpose in this world?” Understanding Our World Meaning of Humanities Through the Ages - Preserve the great accomplishments of the past Ancient Period - Help us understand the world we live in - Humanities refer to the writings of ancient Latin - Give us tools to imagine the future authors (Virgil, Ovid, Horace Plautus, Lucan, Lucretius, Cicero, Seneca) which were read for Bringing Clarity to the Future their clarity of language, forceful literary style, and moral teaching. - Help us decide what is important in our lives Medieval Period and what we can do to make them better - Humanities deal with the metaphysics of the - Point the way to answers about what is right or religious philosopher and the goal is the wrong, or what is true to our heritage and our cultivation of the spiritual life and the history preparation for the hereafter. - Help us address the challenges we face Renaissance Period together in our families, our communities, and - Humanities refer to the set of disciplines taught as a nation in the universities (grammar, rhetoric, history, literature, music, philosophy and theology) The Humanities which aims to make man “human, cultured, - Deals with man’s internal world (his personality and refined”. and experiences, matters that cannot be Present Century exactly measured, classified, or controlled) - Humanities serve to provide as with certain - Humanities’ approach is subjective (use of skills and values through the arts rendered in perception, feeling, intuition, and insight) painting, sculpture, architecture, photography, - Focus is on man as an individual dance, drama, and cinema, as well as in the traditional components of the humanities. The Sciences - Deals with man’s external world (as well as Seven Branches of the Humanities with the facets of man’s being that can be 1. Philosophy subjected to Observation, measurement, and 2. Literature experimentation) 3. Religion - Science’s approach is precise, well-structured, 4. Art and uniform 5. Music - Focus is on types and groups of human 6. History beings, and on the institutions and processes 7. Language of society Every discipline in the humanities is independent. Are the Humanities Necessary? - Literature – probes the complexities of - Yes, as much as the sciences are. Man needs human character. an image of himself, an understanding of his - Music – clarifies the nuances of feeling. nature. Through words, tones, line, color, or - Art – for making sense of our world. design, the humanities provide man with a - Philosophy – for critical thinking and logical measure of his own passions and desires, his analysis. relation with other men and his environment, - Every discipline in the humanities is closely as well as his potentials. interrelated with one another. All of them, each DE JESUS | 7 - Both the sciences and the humanities are necessary for the development of the complete, social man, ready to take on his responsibilities in this rapidly changing world and to enjoy life as he lives it. - “Science educates our minds, but humanities educates our feelings and sensibilities so that we may use our mind without forgetting that we are human beings. The study of the humanities has its proper place in the education of a man as a means of humanizing him.” (Salvador Gonzales) What is Art Appreciation? - Refers to the knowledge of the general and everlasting qualities that classify all great art. - Refers to the pursuit of knowledge and understanding of the universal and timeless qualities characterizing works of art. It invokes an analysis of the works based on acknowledged elements of composition and principles of design, through which enjoyment of the humanities is enhanced. (Ariola, 2014) Three Stages of Art Appreciation 1. Understanding 2. Valuing 3. Living by participating in art practice DE JESUS | 8 LESSON 2 ART: Meanings, Construct - It is not a universal given Philosophy, Assumptions, - It is not found in all continents of the world Functions, Nature and Values - Art as a construct is always produced in a given context What is art? - There has to be a special reason - A significance of why such an artwork is - No universal definition of the word art constructed - There are a lot of available theoretical - Construct produced in a given context definitions - Example: Quattromondial (Ramon aurelia) - Art is a subjective topic – solely based on a - 4 figures = 4 centuries personal level - How it functions in his personal life Experience - Finding values and their importance - Comes from the Latin word “ars” - Aesthetic experience - ability/skills to make or to do - With something beautiful - The Italian term, “artis” - Satisfying and gratifying - Mastery, inventiveness, craftmanship - Impels us to make a valuable judgment - Can be based on our senses Word - You must experience the artwork itself, a firsthand experience - Just a word - Never ever fool yourself by accepting and - Acknowledges both the believing the criticism because you yourself - The idea of art – in the mind of the must experience it. creator or the artist - The first and last demand of art is - You don’t have any idea if you can't EXPERIENCE materialize - The fact of art – the concretize, the Expression material art itself, something that can be sensed, seen, felt, tasted, touched; the - Either an individual artist or a collective product itself experience of a particular society or culture - Isang salita - Identifying the symbols or markers - Not found in every society known - Communicates something - We must be very open to all the possibilities a Language particular artwork is trying to convey - Powerful language - If you want to learn a new language, the first Philosophy of Art thing you learn is the Basic Vocabulary - Belief - Made up of words - The vocabulary of art is not made up of 1. Art as mimesis (Plato) words but rather made up of visual - “Mimos” is a Greek word meaning to imitate elements (color, line, shape, space, - Mimic texture) - Panggagaya - The visual elements convey the message - Plato argues that all things that exist in this of the art piece world are copies of the original and true - Important: we see and feel the entities in the “world of forms.” He states that visual elements, and these are the “ideas are the ultimate reality” words and language of art - Art is a pure imitation - When you see an artwork, what - Artists are imitators and arts are pure imitation. catches your attention is the visual A thing, before it takes into practical shape, elements such as the color, shape, came first from ideas, therefore, an idea is line, form, texture, and so on original, and the thing is a copy of that idea. Object - What the artist makes is a copy of a copy, or - They are not just any kind of object twice removed from the truth. - Aesthetic object with intrinsic value - Art is an imitation – a direct imitation - Meant to be looked at and appreciated for its intrinsic value (historical and cultural Example: God created a bed; then a carpenter significance) created a bed; the artist in turn, painted the bed in - Example: Mannunggul Jar (burial jar) his canvas. - Object itself and It is meant to be looked - Original: the idea God created at and appreciated for its intrinsic value - Carpenter and painter: Copy of a copy and - It has historical and cultural significance pure imitations DE JESUS | 9 2. Art as representation (Aristotle) - Creating objects in accordance with beauty - Representation/ version of reality is considered superior products of labor - Aristotle considers art as an agent (in because of their aesthetic object Philosophy) in revealing truth. For him, the - There is a higher placement/position of kind of imitation that art does is to aid people artists in a society to the fundamental truth. 7. Art as an empathy or experience (John - Every art form, like poetry, music, dance, Dewey) painting, and sculpture, represents possible versions of reality. - For John Dewey, art must not be separated - He believes imitation is an inborn instinct in from experience. The emphatic theory of art man and there is a natural pleasure in posts that art makes an individual feels what imitation. he would experience if he is actually involved in the artistic creation of artwork. The so-called 3. Art for Art Sake (Emmanuel Kant) aesthetic experience resides in the recognition - According to Kant, there is an autonomous of the wholeness of the inter-relationship aesthetic standard in art. He recognizes that among the things presented or depicted. The the judgment of beauty can be universal artist’s intention is not nor the only artwork’s despite its subjectivity. meaning but also the quality of the experience - Art should be separated from other that is elicit. The more widespread and intense considerations like morality, function, and the experience depicted, the more expressive pleasure. is the art. - You don’t make use of those as criteria in - The artist himself must be actually involved in judging of a particular art the artwork - “Art for art sake” affirms that any judgement in - There must also be a total involvement of the any art forms should not focus on the external viewer by EXPERIENCE firsthand purposes that satisfies man, like moral aspect or political commentary. Instead, value is Assumption of Arts intrinsically defined by the aesthetic What is Assumption? impression. The role of art could be nothing - A thing that is accepted as true or as certain to less than to create beauty or to expose beauty. happen, without proof. Art should stand independently and should be - Something that you accept as true without free from all scrutiny of other advantages. Art question or proof. should stand for beauty alone.” - Palagay or pagpapalagay 4. Artist was genius (Vasari) 1. Art is universal - A belief that great artists were guided by genii - Art is everywhere (found in every corner of the or divine spirits. This led them to accomplish world; embedded into the way of life of the what they did, breaking conventional rules and people) traditions. - Art is for everyone (exclusivity is out of - Every artist is an inborn genius because every bounds) artist is guided by a genie or a divine spirit - Art knows no barriers (not even language is a - Because of style it becomes original barrier in understanding it) 5. Art is the product of the human “spirit” as it 2. Art is cultural evolves through history (Hegel) - Art is a work of humans and anything that has - Hegel claims that art as a human experience been created by humans is part of culture. and as an artifact must be understood from a - Art becomes cultural when it depicts people’s historical perspective. way of life, religious practices, mores, - German Artist traditions, etc. - The history here is the main ingredient that shapes the kind of artwork produced in a given 3. Art involves experience historical period - All art requires experience. First-hand experience is necessary to know a work of art. - The first and last demand of art is 6. Art as superior labor (Marx) experience. - Marx considers artistic labor as the artist’s - In order to know what an artwork, we have to establishment of a relationship with an object sense it, see and hear it. “in accordance with the laws of beauty”. This relationship is superior because it results in an Art is not Nature aesthetic object and an affirmation of the Art is a form of creation artist’s creative nature. - Artistic laborers / creators of beauty DE JESUS | 10 4. Art is not Nature Art is Everywhere - Art is man-made and nature is God-made. - Art exists in all forms of human society and in - We should not expect seeing art exactly what every generation because it serves some we see in nature because artists draw fundamental human needs. inspiration from nature and weather if it is closer or not to nature still, it is art. Art as Expression and Communication - Art has grown out of man’s need to express 5. Art is a form of creation himself - Art is created with imagination and skill. - Each work of art is evidently the expression of - Human is the creator of art. (no art can be an artist’s personal viewpoint; it is the same created without human which, in turn, uses his time an expression of a general vision of the imagination and creativity to produce art.) age in which it was created. Functions of Arts Art as Creation What is Art for? - Art is a planned (creative) activity. - usual functions that have been mentioned Art and Experience over and over again - It goes without saying that art must be directly 1. Personal function seen or heard in order to be enjoyed or - An artist may create out of a need for self- appreciated. expression, or gratification (to make oneself - A varying combination of sensory, emotional, happy- napasaya); to communicate a thought and intellectual responses is involved in or point to the viewer; to provide an aesthetic experiencing art. experience, both for self and viewers; to - Whatever response we have to a work of art, provide awareness for other ways of thinking, we cannot fail to experience a sense of awe at feeling, and imagining. the object’s existence. - You cannot not communicate with someone Art and Nature - You communicate - To think outside the box - Art is not nature. 2. Social function - Influences proper human behavior; promotes good manners and right conduct. - Expresses or describes individual, social or collective, and universal aspects of existence. - Have powerful transformative and restorative Values of Art effects within a society. - in what way? 1. Aesthetic Value - Ex: Joey Velasquez artwork - To aesthetically open and educate our senses - Ex: slum area — this is what the world is, it to beauty, truth, and good. shows the social function showing theres the - art for art sake — the whole purpose of art is rich and the poor beauty - art is not just a display to look at — it explains the social function 2. Didactic Value 3. Utilitarian function - To show what is moral - To improve the moral fiber of society - Through art, man is provided with shelter, clothing, food, light, medicine, personal 3. Religious Value ornamentals, beautiful surroundings, - To increase awareness of man’s relationship entertainment, language, transportation, and with God other necessities and conveniences of life. - To promote better and stronger bonds between - Lives became convenient because of art God and man 4. Aesthetic function 4. Historical Value - Through art, man becomes conscious of the - To present significant aspects about the past beauty of nature. - someone died - enhance the beauty of nature - shows the significance of the an event - Man learns to use, love, and preserve art for his own enjoyment and appreciation. 5. Socio-political Value Nature of Arts - To clarify societal and government issues or problems — something innate in art itself - yun siya talaga DE JESUS | 11 6. Scientific Value - To inform us about the earth, outer space, psychology, numbers etc. - Ex. The Scream 7. Commercial Value - To boost the economic backbone of a country 8. Pragmatic Value - To consider the practical value of artwork 9. Therapeutic Value - To promote healing, restoration and over-all health - Ex. Music, Coloring 10. Personal Value - To lead us to self-discovery, self-awareness, self-development, self-expression, self-fulfillment Questions for Discussion: 1. Can we consider Architecture superior to other art forms? 2. What are the functions of art in the context of enhancing your personality? 3. Is there any relationship between function and the value of art? 4. How functional is the design of the house in which you live? 5. In what ways does art contribute to the physical, social and spiritual well-being of Filipinos? 6. Discuss the religious function of art. DE JESUS | 12 LESSON 3 ART: Artists and - A person who considers himself as business person because his products are involved in Artisans the business market or at the beginning, in the entrepreneurship world Who is an Artist? - Before the industrial revolutions, virtually - a person with the talent and the skills to everything was made by artisans (smith, conceptualize and make creative works. (Such carpenters, etc.) person is singled out and prized for their - Creator of beauty and functional artistic and original ideas) Their artworks can - Creates in order to earn — products involved take many forms and fit into numerous in the business market categories, such as architecture, ceramics, - directly involved digital art, drawings, mixed media, paintings, - produce and create for business (to earn) photographs, prints, sculpture, and textiles. - an individual who has the desire and ability to Artist Artisan (craftsman) envision, design, and fabricate the images, objects and structures we all encounter, use, Involves a leap of Knows exactly what he occupy, and enjoy everyday of our lives. imagination (integral wants to produce from part) the very outset - It’s all in the mind - an imaginative and creative person Do not work with Worries only about the - (traditional) A person dedicated only to the ready-made parts means, rather than the creative side, making visually pleasing work for ends while he carries the enjoyment and appreciation of the viewer, out his plan but with no functional value. (Artistic) creation is too Picks the tools best - definition from the olden times subtle and intimate fitted to the task, and is - (traditional) A person involved in creating and experience to permit an sure of what he is designing objects related to any of the fine arts exact step-by-step doing at every step like painting, sculpture, architecture, music, description dance and literature. Involves in a game of Not free to innovate - A person who perceives himself as creative find-and-seek in which individual and developed his mastery either the seeker is not sure through professional programs in an institution what he is looking for or through self-study because of his burning until he has found it passion to a specific form of art. - A person who plunges himself into the deepest Conception and There is comparatively execution go hand in little risk, little depths just to offer the public the true mission hand and are so adventure which tends of art. completely to become routine - A person who possesses an unusual degree of interdependent that he interpreting ideas in artistic form through the cannot separate the use of words, pigments, stone, notes, or any of one form the other the other materials used by artists. Always driven to Attempts only what he - behind every artist is a genie or divine spirit attempt the impossible knows to be possible (giorgio varsari) or unimaginable - Painter - he wrote biographies of those Way of working is Encourages leading artisans during his time resistant to any set standardization and - he called them as artists because of rules regularity their outstanding creative outputs Use technique only as Use technique as an - Talent, Skill, and Originality a means to an end end in itself - money is needed but secondary - love for the art, love to express comes first Art Craft Who is an Artisan? Innovate, original, Not original - A manual worker who makes items with his inventive hands, and who through skill, experience and talent can create things of great beauty as well Breaks new ground Copies has no new concept as being functional. - A skilled worker, but not the inventor of the Often one of a kind Repetitious original idea or form. - A person who creates his own designs, but May be even made by does not work in art forms or with materials mechanical means as machines traditionally associated with the so-called fine arts such as painting and sculpture. DE JESUS | 13 Classification of Artists Imagination vs. Creativity 1. Visual Arts Is thinking of something – Is doing something whether it is an object, place, meaningful with one’s - Painters time, etc. that is not present. imagination. - Sculpters - Architects Is about seeing the Is using imagination to - Photographers impossible, or unreal. unleash the potential of - Filmmakers existing ideas in order to - Graphic Artists create new and valuable 2. Creative Artists ones. - Writers Focuses on things that are Focuses on things that - Playwrights impossible. might be possible, until - Composers they are explored. 3. Performing Artists - Dancers Requires some context from Requires knowledge of the which to envision an idea. idea; motivation and freedom - Singers to explore and think; - Stage Performers intelligence to see what - Musicians makes the convergence of any set of ideas possible, and - Choreographer the energy to see the process through. Other People Involved In Art Market or Art World Is visualizing the impossible Is the act of turning new and or things that are not present imaginative ideas into reality. 1. Managers – control the activities, promotions in the senses. and business dealings. 2. Curator – is the overseer or manager of cultural Innovation – is the utilization of both imagination heritage institution like museums, galleries, and creativity. archives and even libraries. His/her task includes the ff : works with art collection and exhibitions, Can creativity be learned? Yes responsible for museum’s collection, selecting artworks for displays, organizing exhibition for How can it be learned? Having a foundation of public display, researching for artist, entertaining knowledge -> learning a discipline -> mastering a guests as well as giving orientation and way of thinking explaining about the artworks and artefacts based from its history. Ways to become creative 3. Collector and Buyer – is knowledgeable about 1. Experimenting art and the art world. He/she has passion for the 2. Exploring arts because he/she knows the high value of a 3. Questioning assumptions certain artwork especially if the artwork is a 4. Using imagination masterpiece of a famous artist. 5. Synthesizing information 4. Art Dealer – is involved in buying and selling creative works of arts. He/she sponsors and Exercise: Identify the ff : Artist or Artisan? supports some art exhibitions and auctions. 1. Composer 2. Recording Artist Art Engagement and Exhibits 3. Welder Art Exhibition – is an arrangement of art pieces or 4. Shoemaker array of any art collection in an exhibition spaces 5. Tool maker like galleries, exhibition halls, world fairs and 6. Director museums 7. Dressmaker 8. Plumber Other art engagement for the audiences 9. Stylist 1. Art Talk from any artist 10. Lyricist 2. Artist visit 11. Landscaper 3. Art workshop 12. Air Conditioner and Mechanical Services 4. Auctions 13. Carpenter 5. Art fairs 14. Props Manager 6. Art lectures 15. Digital Film Colorist 7. Art book launching 16. Costume Designer 17. Weaver 18. Animator 19. Advertising Consultant 20. Decorative Arts Maker 21. Goldsmith DE JESUS | 14 22. Ballerina heritage for the present and future 23. Potter generations. 24. Tenor 25. Coin Maker Awards and Recognition for Artists and Artisan in the Philippines - National Commission for Culture and the Arts (NCCA) – the governing body responsible in the selection and awarding of the citation for Filipino artists who made a remarkable and significant contribution to the art and culture. Careers in Arts Two major awards 1. Orden ng Pambansang Alagad ng Sining (Order 1. Administrator of National Artist) - Director of an art gallery or museum - Is the highest national recognition for - Dean of art school creative Filipino artist who have made - Art director significant contribution to the development - Fund-raiser of the Philippine arts in the discipline of - Public relations painting, sculpture, architecture, music, dance, literature, film, broadcast arts, and allied arts. 2. Architecture - Architect The Awardees receive the ff. Privileges - Drafter 1. The rank and title as proclaimed by the - City planner President of the Philippines. - Interior designer 2. A citation that will be read during the awarding - Interior architect and a medallion or insignia. - Restoration planner 3. Cash awards and other benefits like monthly life 3. Art Education pension, medical and hospitalization benefits, - Art specialist and life insurance coverage. - Art supervisor 4. A state funeral and burial at the Libingan ng mga - Art school teacher Bayani. - Artist-in-residence 5. A place of honor during national state function, - Art therapist and recognition and acknowledgement at any - Museum educator cultural events. - Textbook author - Art historian - Art lecturer - Researcher 4. Computer Graphics - Animator - Graphic designer - Advertising artist - Cartoonist - Aviation consultant - Weather graphics 5. Designer - Furniture - Textile - Interiors - Store windows - Store displays - Theatrical designer - Toy designer 6. Fashion 2. Gawad sa Manlilikha ng Bayan (GAMABA) - Handbags, accessories, jewelry (National Living Treasures Award) - Pattern maker - Is an award that acknowledges folk and - Fashion illustrator indigenous artists who, despite the modern - Fashion editor/writer times, remain true to their traditions. - Fashion show coordinator - This award aims to support and motivate - Hairstylist these artists to preserve their artistic DE JESUS | 15  - Shoes and boots, fabrics, hats, babies’ and - Museum photographer childrens’ clothes, coats, dresses - Museum exhibit designer 7. Fine art and craftsperson - Archivist - Sculptor 13. Photography - Painter - Photo journalist - Ceramist - Fashion photographer - Weaver - Museum photographer - Potter - Newspaper or magazine photographer - Jewelry-maker - Studio, industrial, food, fine art, crime scene - Metalsmith photographer - Glass blower and designer - Portrait photographer - Engraver 14. Theater - Etcher - Lighting designer - Woodworker - Set designer - Muralist - Costumer - Performance artist - Program designer - Printmaker - Make-up artist 8. Graphic design - Graphic artist - Greeting cards - Puppet maker - Billboards 15. Video and Film - Logos - Film director - Layout artist - Producer - Art editor - Editor - Book, newspaper, magazine, or brochure - Cinematographer designer - Set designer - Book cover designer - Special effects person - Cartographer - Computer graphics - Computer graphics specialist 16. Varied Careers - Sign painter - Colorist 9. Historian - Art materials and manufacturer’s - Writer representative - Lecturer - Lithographer - Researcher 17. Writer - Art librarian - Public relations - Curator - Art critic - Museum educator - Author of books about art - Museum director - Art historian 10. Illustrator - Art book copy editor - Children’s books - Researcher - Medical journals - Researcher for writers - Fashion ads - Botanical drawings - Animator - Cartoonist - Colorist - Editorial illustrator 11. Industrial and Business - Product design - Package design - Furniture design - Sports equipment design - Decorative metal work design - Tool designer - Design consultant 12. Museum - Curator - Art historian - Art appraiser - Director - Conservator - Restorer - Archaeologist - Librarian DE JESUS | 16