Architectural Design UAS Sem 1 PDF

Architects Basic Design 1.​ Basic Design dari Chernikov dan Prinsip penyusunan Chernikov Basic Design: Chernikov is known for his avant-garde, Constructivist designs characterized by dynamic geometry, bold colors, and futuristic forms. His works often explore symmetry, balance,...

Architects Basic Design 1.​ Basic Design dari Chernikov dan Prinsip penyusunan Chernikov Basic Design: Chernikov is known for his avant-garde, Constructivist designs characterized by dynamic geometry, bold colors, and futuristic forms. His works often explore symmetry, balance, and the interplay of volumes. Principles: Emphasis on functionalism and constructivist aesthetics, integrating technology, geometric abstraction, and architectural innovation. 2.​ Basic Design dari Peter Eisenman dan Prinsip penyusunan Eisenman Basic Design: Eisenman's work is grounded in deconstructivism, exploring fragmentation, layering, and distortion of traditional architectural forms. He uses grids, diagrams, and conceptual theories to define spaces. Principles: The focus is on intellectual rigor, challenging architectural conventions, and prioritizing abstract ideas over functionality. 3.​ Basic Design dari Sophie Vyzoviti dan Prinsip penyusunan Sophie Vyzoviti Basic Design: Vyzoviti uses paper-folding techniques to explore form generation in architecture. Her works emphasize experimentation with material and structure. Principles: Iterative exploration through folding, bending, and cutting to create dynamic and fluid forms, often inspired by natural processes. 4.​ Basic Design dari Bjarke Ingels dan Prinsip penyusunan Bjarke Ingels Basic Design: Ingels champions pragmatic utopianism, blending functionality with playful, sustainable, and innovative designs. His projects often reinterpret traditional forms to meet modern needs. Principles: Focus on sustainability, inclusivity, and adaptability while embracing creativity and practicality. 5.​ Basic Design dari OMA ( rem Koolhass) dan Prinsip penyusunan OMA ( rem Koolhass) Basic Design: Koolhaas's approach integrates urbanism, culture, and architectural theory. His projects often blur the boundaries between architecture and urban planning. Principles: Contextual yet unconventional solutions, often exploring the tension between form and function, and critiquing modern urban trends. 6.​ Basic Design dari Zaha Hadid dan Prinsip penyusunan Zaha Hadid  Basic Design: Known for fluid, organic, and futuristic designs, Hadid’s works challenge traditional orthogonal forms, creating dynamic and sculptural spaces. Principles: Use of parametric design, fluid geometry, and innovative structural techniques to achieve expressive, flowing forms. Recent Architectural Building of Zaha Hadid - Beeah Group headquarters 7.​ Basic Design dari Bernard Tschumi dan Prinsip penyusunan Bernard Tschumi Basic Design: Tschumi is associated with deconstructivism and emphasizes the relationship between space, event, and movement. Principles: Architecture as a medium for events, focusing on the interplay of form and user experience through unconventional spatial arrangements. 8.​ Basic Design dari Coop Himmelblau dan Prinsip penyusunan Coop Himmelblau Basic Design: Known for their expressionist and deconstructivist architecture, their work features dynamic and fragmented forms that appear almost chaotic. Principles: Prioritize freedom of form and expression, with bold use of materials and innovative structural systems. 9.​ Basic Design dari Charles Jenks dan Prinsip penyusunan Charles Jenks Basic Design: As a key figure in postmodern architecture, Jencks's work combines historical references with symbolic and eclectic designs. Principles: Emphasis on pluralism, contextualism, and the incorporation of meaning and symbolism into architectural forms. 10.​ Basic Design dari Tadao Ando dan Prinsip penyusunan Tadao Ando Basic Design: Ando’s minimalist architecture blends modern forms with traditional Japanese aesthetics, using natural light, water, and raw concrete. Principles: Focus on harmony with nature, simplicity, and spatial experience through materiality and light. 11.​ Basic Design dari Kengo Kuma dan Prinsip penyusunan Kengo Kuma Basic Design: Kuma integrates traditional Japanese craftsmanship with modern materials, emphasizing lightness and transparency.  Principles: Fusion of architecture with its surroundings, prioritizing humility, natural materials, and spatial fluidity. 12.​ Basic Design dari Lisa Iwamoto dan Prinsip penyusunan Lisa Iwamoto Basic Design: Iwamoto’s work leverages computational techniques to create intricate, performative, and innovative architectural forms. Principles: Iterative and material-driven design processes, integrating digital tools to explore complex geometries and new material capabilities. 13.​ Basic Design dari Thomas Heatherwick dan Prinsip penyusunan Thomas Heatherwick Basic Design: Heatherwick's designs are imaginative and often sculptural, merging art, engineering, and architecture into cohesive, striking forms. Principles: Emphasis on storytelling, innovation, and creating emotionally engaging designs with a human-centric approach. 14.​ Basic Design dari Norman Foster dan Prinsip penyusunan Norman Foster Basic Design: Foster’s work is rooted in high-tech architecture, prioritizing functionality, sustainability, and technological innovation. Principles: Integration of advanced engineering, ecological considerations, and timeless, streamlined forms. 15.​ Basic Design dari Eric Owen Moss dan Prinsip penyusunan Eric Owen Moss Basic Design: Moss is known for his experimental and unconventional designs that challenge architectural norms. Principles: Exploration of complexity, material innovation, and a focus on creating spaces that provoke thought and interaction. 16.​ Basic Design dari Daniel Libeskind dan Prinsip penyusunan Daniel Libeskind Basic Design: Libeskind’s architecture is characterized by angular, fragmented forms and symbolic narratives. Principles: Design driven by storytelling, memory, and cultural significance, often evoking emotion and meaning. 17.​ Basic Design dari Denton Corker Marshall dan Prinsip penyusunan Denton Corker Marshall Basic Design: Known for minimalist and sculptural designs, their work emphasizes clarity, boldness, and functionality. Principles: Clean lines, contextual responsiveness, and a focus on precision in materiality and form. 18.​ Basic Design dari KPF dan Prinsip penyusunan KPF Basic Design: KPF specializes in large-scale urban and commercial projects, balancing aesthetics with functionality and sustainability. Principles: Innovation in urban integration, adaptable design, and high-performance building systems. 19.​ Basic Design dari Archigram dan Prinsip penyusunan Archigram Basic Design: Archigram’s visionary work in the 1960s embraced futuristic, modular, and mobile architecture, often inspired by technology and science fiction. Principles: Radical rethinking of architecture as flexible, dynamic, and responsive to societal and technological change. Zaha Hadid Architecture - Detail Zaha Hadid, one of the most renowned architects of the 21st century, revolutionized architectural design with her unique, innovative concepts that combined fluidity, complexity, and futuristic aesthetics. Her architectural concepts are deeply rooted in advanced computational methods, organic forms, and a departure from traditional rectilinear structures. Below is a detailed exploration of Zaha Hadid’s architectural concepts: Key Characteristics of Zaha Hadid's Architectural Concepts 1.​ Deconstructivism -​ Zaha Hadid's designs are a hallmark of deconstructivist architecture, characterized by fragmented forms, unconventional geometries, and a sense of controlled chaos. -​ She often broke away from symmetry and traditional shapes, embracing asymmetry and dynamic compositions. 2.​ Fluidity and Organic Forms -​ Inspired by nature, her designs often mimic the fluidity of water, the curves of landscapes, or the organic forms of natural structures. -​ She used sweeping curves and elongated, flowing shapes to create a sense of movement and continuity. -​ Example: The Heydar Aliyev Center in Baku, Azerbaijan, with its wave-like, seamless design. 3.​ Parametric Design -​ Zaha Hadid was a pioneer in parametric architecture, leveraging advanced computational tools to explore complex geometries. -​ Her firm, Zaha Hadid Architects (ZHA), utilized algorithms to generate intricate designs, optimizing both aesthetics and functionality. -​ Example: The Galaxy SOHO in Beijing, where smooth, interconnected volumes were created through parametric modeling. 4.​ Integration with Context -​ Despite their futuristic appearance, Hadid’s designs often responded to the cultural, environmental, and urban contexts of their locations. -​ Her projects aimed to create harmony between the built environment and the surrounding landscape.  5.​ Dynamic Spaces -​ Interiors of her buildings are as innovative as the exteriors, characterized by open, fluid spaces that encourage interaction and exploration. -​ She rejected traditional spatial hierarchies, favoring free-flowing spaces with dynamic visual connections. 6.​ Material Innovation -​ Hadid explored advanced materials and construction techniques to realize her ambitious designs. -​ She utilized reinforced concrete, glass, and steel to create the fluid shapes and lightweight appearances her architecture is known for. 7.​ Sculptural Aesthetics -​ Her buildings often appear as large-scale sculptures, blurring the line between art and architecture. -​ She described architecture as "frozen music," highlighting her focus on rhythm and harmony in design. The Recent Zaha Hadid Project BEEAH Group’s Headquarters, located in Sharjah, UAE, is one of Zaha Hadid Architects' (ZHA) most recent and significant projects. It officially opened in March 2022 and stands as a landmark example of sustainability and innovation. Let me elaborate on its concept: Concept of BEEAH Group Headquarters 1.​ Sustainability at Its Core ○​ Designed to be a net-zero energy building, the headquarters is powered entirely by renewable energy, utilizing on-site solar panels and advanced energy storage solutions. ○​ The structure incorporates passive design strategies, such as optimal orientation and insulation, to reduce energy consumption. ○​ Materials used are locally sourced and sustainable, reducing the building’s carbon footprint. 2.​ Inspired by the Desert ○​ The architectural concept is heavily influenced by the surrounding desert landscape. Its flowing, dune-like forms reflect the topography of the Sharjah desert. ○​ The building harmonizes with its environment, creating a striking yet organic presence in the natural terrain. 3.​ Technological Integration ○​ The headquarters integrates smart building technologies, including an AI-driven building management system to optimize efficiency. ○​ Automated systems manage lighting, climate control, and even desk utilization to ensure a seamless, user-friendly experience. 4.​ Water and Waste Efficiency ○​ A highly efficient water recycling system reduces consumption.  ○​ Waste management aligns with the BEEAH Group’s vision of sustainability, supporting their role as leaders in environmental innovation. 5.​ Functionality and Future-Ready Design ○​ The headquarters is designed to serve as a workspace of the future, accommodating flexible work arrangements and fostering collaboration. ○​ It includes open-plan office spaces, meeting rooms, and courtyards that enhance natural light and ventilation. 6.​ Iconic Features ○​ The interiors are marked by smooth, flowing lines and a minimalist aesthetic, consistent with Zaha Hadid's design philosophy. ○​ The integration of skylights and courtyards ensures natural light penetration while reducing reliance on artificial lighting. The BEEAH Headquarters is a physical manifestation of the group’s commitment to sustainability, innovation, and environmental stewardship. Its design not only supports functionality but also serves as a benchmark for future green architecture. Philosophical Underpinnings 1.​ Challenging Norms: Zaha Hadid believed in challenging architectural conventions, striving for innovation in every project. 2.​ Blurring Boundaries: Her work often dissolves boundaries between architecture, art, and technology. 3.​ Vision of the Future: Her designs envision a future of interconnectedness and organic integration between humanity and the environment. Zaha Hadid's architectural concepts have left a lasting impact on contemporary architecture, demonstrating how bold imagination, cutting-edge technology, and a deep understanding of form can redefine the built environment. Zaha Hadid Architects has completed and designed several remarkable projects in the Middle East. Here are some of the most prominent ones: 1. King Abdullah Financial District (KAFD) Metro Station – Riyadh, Saudi Arabia  ​ Description: This metro station features a striking lattice façade with undulating curves. It serves as a major interchange in Riyadh’s metro network. ​ Functionality: It connects metro services with bus routes, parking facilities, and a skybridge monorail system within the King Abdullah Financial District. ​ Sustainability Features: The design includes perforated concrete panels to reduce solar heat gain and renewable energy-powered cooling systems. ​ Impact: The station highlights efficiency in structure and environmental performance, setting a benchmark for future transport hubs in the region. Organic Flow and Futuristic Aesthetics: ​ The station's design draws inspiration from naturally flowing forms, creating a fluid and dynamic structure. This reflects Zaha Hadid's signature style, which emphasizes curved lines and modernity. ​ The facade is characterized by intricate geometric patterns and a shell-like, layered structure that enhances its visual appeal. Functional Spaces: ​ The station integrates public spaces, ticketing areas, and retail outlets seamlessly into the design. ​ Multiple levels and interconnecting pathways ensure efficient passenger flow, catering to large volumes of travelers while maintaining comfort. Sustainability: ​ The design incorporates sustainable elements such as natural ventilation and daylighting. ​ The station's structure is optimized to reduce energy consumption, aligning with Saudi Arabia’s Vision 2030 for sustainable urban development. Cultural Identity: ​ While futuristic, the station also pays homage to the local culture. The geometric patterns used in the design are inspired by traditional Islamic art and architecture, creating a blend of modernity and tradition. Urban Integration: ​ As part of the KAFD, the station is integrated into the urban fabric of Riyadh, enhancing connectivity and complementing the district's role as a financial and business hub. Technological Features: ​ Equipped with state-of-the-art systems for passenger convenience, including automated ticketing, real-time information displays, and accessibility features. ​ Smart systems manage lighting, climate control, and security, making it a model of a smart transportation hub. 2. The Opus – Dubai, UAE  ​ Description: This mixed-use building in Dubai’s Business Bay is one of Zaha Hadid’s iconic designs. It features a cube-shaped structure with a distinctive void at its center. ​ Functionality: The Opus houses offices, luxury apartments, and the ME by Melia hotel. ​ Design Highlights: Its reflective façade and fluid interior spaces showcase Hadid's signature organic architectural language. ​ Significance: It is a testament to her futuristic vision and attention to urban luxury. 3. KAPSARC (King Abdullah Petroleum Studies and Research Center) – Riyadh, Saudi Arabia ​ Description: A research and policy center designed with a honeycomb-like structure. ​ Sustainability: The design focuses on energy efficiency, with optimized natural lighting and ventilation. ​ Award: KAPSARC received LEED Platinum certification, underscoring its environmental credentials. 4. Bee’ah Headquarters – Sharjah, UAE ​ Description: This building is the headquarters for an environmental management company. The design resembles sand dunes, blending seamlessly with the desert landscape. ​ Sustainability Features: It utilizes renewable energy sources, such as solar panels, and incorporates advanced environmental technologies. ​ Significance: This project highlights Hadid’s ability to integrate futuristic design with environmental consciousness. 5. NEOM Supertall Tower – Saudi Arabia (Upcoming) ​ Description: A planned 330-meter-high skyscraper as part of the futuristic NEOM project. ​ Vision: The tower aligns with Saudi Arabia's modernization goals, integrating advanced technologies and sustainable practices. ​ Significance: It symbolizes the ambitious urban transformation happening in the Middle East. 6. Dubai Opera House – Dubai, UAE ​ Description: This multi-purpose venue is designed to resemble a dhow, a traditional sailing vessel. ​ Functionality: It serves as a cultural hub, hosting concerts, theater performances, and exhibitions. ​ Design Excellence: The building blends modern aesthetics with cultural heritage, reflecting the maritime history of Dubai. The most recent project completed by Zaha Hadid Architects in the Middle East is the King Abdullah Financial District (KAFD) Metro Station in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. It officially opened in late 2024 and stands out for its innovative design and sustainability features, such as perforated concrete panels to minimize heat gain and renewable energy-powered cooling systems. For upcoming projects, the NEOM Supertall Tower in Saudi Arabia is currently under development as part of the ambitious NEOM megacity. This skyscraper, planned to reach 330 meters in height, is a key element in Saudi Arabia's modernization efforts and demonstrates Zaha Hadid Architects’ commitment to futuristic and sustainable urban design. Peter Eisenman Architecture - Detail 5 PETER EISENMANN BASIC FORM.pptx Peter Eisenman is a prominent architect and theorist known for his conceptual approach to architecture. His work often challenges traditional notions of form, structure, and function, with a strong emphasis on abstract, intellectual exploration. Eisenman’s architecture can be described as deconstructivist, a movement that emerged in the 1980s, although his ideas and practices stretch beyond the movement's typical formal characteristics. Key Elements of Peter Eisenman’s Architectural Concept: Conceptual Architecture:​ Eisenman is deeply interested in the theory and philosophy of architecture. He views architecture not just as a physical object but as a conceptual discipline where ideas and theories guide the design process. His buildings often focus on exploring the boundaries between form, space, and meaning. Formalism and Deconstructivism:​ Eisenman is associated with the deconstructivist movement, which emphasizes fragmentation, non-rectilinear shapes, and an apparent lack of harmony. Eisenman deliberately breaks down conventional forms. His designs often appear fragmented or layered, creating a sense of complexity and ambiguity. His work often incorporates disjointed geometries and an intentional disregard for traditional, ordered forms. The deconstruction of classical architectural forms, such as the use of fragmented grid systems and geometric manipulations, is a common theme in Eisenman’s work. This also reflects the influence of Jacques Derrida's philosophy of deconstruction. Grid and Structure:​ A hallmark of Eisenman’s work is his use of the grid as both a formal and conceptual tool. The grid is often used as a starting point for exploration, which is then manipulated, deformed, or fragmented. This approach challenges the rigidity of conventional grids, allowing for a more complex and dynamic spatial experience.  He often integrates a system of interlocking grids to produce a tension between the logical structure of the grid and its aesthetic fragmentation. Time and History:​ Eisenman’s projects often reflect a deep engagement with history and time. His designs are not merely responses to site-specific conditions but are also attempts to encode historical or temporal narratives into the architecture itself. For instance, he might incorporate the idea of historical layering, where different periods of architectural history or cultural references are woven into the building's form. One famous example of this is the Berlin Memorial to the Murdered Jews of Europe, where Eisenman used the grid to evoke a sense of repetition and loss, referencing both the city of Berlin's past and the historical trauma of the Holocaust. Concept of Displacement:​ Eisenman frequently plays with the notion of displacement in architecture, both spatially and conceptually. The shifting of elements and parts within a structure is designed to create unexpected or unfamiliar experiences of space. This could involve shifting walls, asymmetry, and the manipulation of the conventional roles of interior and exterior spaces. Abstract Geometry:​ His work is often based on abstract, mathematical principles rather than straightforward functionality. Eisenman designs spaces using geometry in a way that transcends traditional architectural functions, often prioritizing intellectual engagement over utility. The "Non-Site" Approach:​ Eisenman’s early work also explored the concept of the “non-site,” influenced by the minimalism and land art movements. For example, he would create works that were not necessarily tied to specific locations, but instead dealt with abstract ideas about space and geography. This can be seen in his “House” series, where Eisenman explored the idea of the house as a cultural and philosophical idea rather than a physical building. Interactivity and Viewer Engagement:​ Many of Eisenman’s designs encourage an active engagement from viewers. His buildings often play with the perception of space, where the user’s movement through the building changes the way it is understood. This idea is rooted in Eisenman’s interest in how people experience architecture, with the intention of destabilizing conventional patterns of perception. Notable Works: House Series (1960s–1970s): A series of conceptual projects that explored the idea of the house and the manipulation of traditional forms and grids. Wexner Center for the Arts (1989): Located at Ohio State University, this building is a prime example of Eisenman’s approach to deconstructivism, featuring an unsettling, fragmented design with sharp, angular forms. a disrupted grid, symbolizing the idea of incomplete or evolving art. Berlin Memorial to the Murdered Jews of Europe (2005): A powerful conceptual work with 2,711 concrete slabs arranged in a grid pattern, creating a somber and thought-provoking spatial experience. City of Culture of Galicia (2000s): A large cultural complex in Spain that incorporates Eisenman’s signature deconstructivist approach with its fluid forms and complex geometries. Conclusion: Peter Eisenman’s architecture is often challenging, both in its intellectual underpinnings and its physical manifestations. His work pushes the boundaries of form and space, questioning conventional understandings of architecture and inviting a deeper engagement with the ideas it expresses. Through his conceptual and abstract approach, Eisenman continues to be a key figure in contemporary architectural theory and practice.