Saudi Heritage and Conservation ARCH 346 PDF

Prince Sultan University Architecture and Design Architecture Department Saudi Heritage and Conservation ARCH 346 Course coordinator: Ms. Wafa Alghamdi Arch 346 Provincial System Saudi Arabia is divided into 13 provinces. Each province has a governor, a deputy governor, and a provincial council....

Prince Sultan University Architecture and Design Architecture Department Saudi Heritage and Conservation ARCH 346 Course coordinator: Ms. Wafa Alghamdi Arch 346 Provincial System Saudi Arabia is divided into 13 provinces. Each province has a governor, a deputy governor, and a provincial council. These councils deliberate on the needs of their province, work on the development budget, consider future development plans, and monitor ongoing projects. The governor and deputy governor of each province serve as chairman and vice-chairman of their respective provincial council. Each council consists of at least ten private citizens. As with the Majlis Al-Shura, members of the council participate in committees that focus on various issues of interest to the province. The councils issue reports that are submitted to the Minister of the Interior, and then passed on to the appropriate government ministries and agencies for consideration. The provincial council system is the result of bylaws established by King Fahd in 1992. These bylaws divided the country into 13 provinces and defined their administrative structure, how they would be administered, and the responsibilities of the governors and other regional officers. In 1993, King Fahd named 210 members to the provincial councils. In 2005, municipal elections were held for half of the members of each of the 178 municipal councils in the Kingdom. The remaining half of the council members and the mayor are appointed. The list of provinces and their capitals. 1. Riyadh Province 2. Makkah Province Credit to: MS. WAFA A. ALGHAMDI Lecturer, Fab Lab Director Department of Architecture, College of Architecture and Design  3. Eastern Province 4. Al Qassim 5. Al Madinah Province 6. Hail Province 7. Tabuk Province 8. Northern Borders Province 9. Jazan 10. Najran 11. Al-Bahah 12. 'Asir 13. Al-Jawf Heritage noun /ˈherɪtɪdʒ/ [usually singular] 1. The history, traditions, buildings an d objects that a country or society has had for many years and that are considered an important part of its character. 2. Spain’s rich cultural heritage 3. The building is part of our national heritage. 1. Translate heritage to Arabic 1. ‫تراث‬ 2. ‫ميراث‬ Historic Building The process of saving a historic building involves: 1. Determine the Building’s Significance (Historical, Cultural, Architectural) 2. Plan a New Purpose for the Building 3. Find Partners 4. Secure Funding Determine the Building’s Significance (Historical, Cultural, Architectural) 1. Historic Landmark. Credit to: MS. WAFA A. ALGHAMDI Lecturer, Fab Lab Director Department of Architecture, College of Architecture and Design  Old buildings have seen a lot of history throughout the years. They have witnessed the highs and lows of your community and may have even hosted some of these events. While we might not read about your town’s history in textbooks, your historical building tells its story, and it would be a loss if your community couldn’t hear it. 2. Cultural Significance. Developers and community leaders can be too quick to tear down older buildings only to replace the m with cookie cutter homes or another shopping center. By saving historic buildings, you’ll help your community retain its uniqueness. 3. Architectural Icon. Buildings built long ago often have rich architectural features, design details, and unique layouts that have long disappeared from modern homes. Saving and restoring historic buildings allows us to keep these examples of fine craftsmanship alive. Plan a New Purpose for the Building Plenty of options: residential, apartments, offices, museum, non -profit headquarters, a visitor’s center, etc. Find Partners 1. Historical Groups Your town or county likely has a historical society or preservation group that is passionate about telling your area’s history. Work with them to see how your building fits within their plan. They will have a better understanding of the state of historic preservation in your community. These experts often can provide realistic expectations for your project. They may have more pressing concerns with saving other buildings, or they may see your project as crucial, and throw their full support behind it. If they’ve saved buildings in the past, they might already have the experience, knowledge, and connections with the right people to make your project much easier. It may even be benefi cial to have their organization Credit to: MS. WAFA A. ALGHAMDI Lecturer, Fab Lab Director Department of Architecture, College of Architecture and Design  take the lead in the project, as they can collect donations and contact officials with greater ease. 2. Community Organizations In addition to non-profit historical groups, there may be other local organizations to help you sav e your building. This includes merchant associations, neighborhood groups, Chambers of Commerce, and educational groups. Build a coalition of support around your cause takes time, and not everyone will see your project with the same passion as you do. But this support will go a long way towards saving your historic building. 3. Local Government It is crucial that you talk to your local government and get them on board with your project. Their support in navigating local, state, and federal laws and regulations is invaluable to a historic building project. Your local leaders should see the benefits of restoring your community’s history through your project and share this vision with other organizations in your town. They can also provide tax breaks and other fin ancial assistance to help make this project feasible. 4. Contractor or Developer No matter what method you use to save your building, you will need to work with a developer or contractor. A contractor is needed to preserve and restore the building’s exterior, shore up the foundation and structural support, and finish the interior for its new purpose. Finding a developer who is passionate about saving this structure can be a real asset, as they will bring the resources and know -how for adaptive reuse. Secure Funding 1. State Grants Most states have historic preservation grants allocated for building restoration. While the funds are often limited and can be highly Credit to: MS. WAFA A. ALGHAMDI Lecturer, Fab Lab Director Department of Architecture, College of Architecture and Design  competitive, it can be a real boost to your project to secure one of these grants. Reach out to your state preservation office for advice and paperwork to apply for these funds. 2. Private Funding Another source of funding is through private foundations, philanthropic trusts, and individual donors. You may already have a donor in mind as you pursue your project, or a donor may appear seemingly out of nowhere. Continue building relationships within your community and sharing your vision for the project with everyone you meet; you never know who might be the person to cut the final check. 3. Donations or many projects, it is the small individual donations by families and community members that make a difference. Develop a plan for generating awareness and building excitement for your project. Get local media exposure whenever you can. Host fundraisers, fun fami ly events, and auctions to widen your search for donors. Make it easy for people to donate, and make them feel like they’ve contributed to something worthwhile. Methods for Saving a Historic Building (Give Example for each and explain how) Preservation Historic preservation involves protecting and conserving the history of the building as its been used throughout the years. A priority is kept on saving original materials, which can add costs to the pr eservation process and limit the building’s future uses. Restoration Historic restoration is a type of preservation that focuses on returning a historic building to the way it was in a certain time period. This method includes relying on historic documents (including blueprints and Credit to: MS. WAFA A. ALGHAMDI Lecturer, Fab Lab Director Department of Architecture, College of Architecture and Design  photographs) and using original building materials & techniques to restore the building to the way it looked in a certain period. This is the preferred method for museums and historic groups looking to capture the look and feel of a historic period, as it provides an immersive educational experience. Rehabilitation With a building rehabilitation, emphasis is placed on making the proper repairs and alterations to keep the building functioning and useful. Additions and upgrades are allowed, with care placed on retaining or saving the portions of the building that have historical or cultural value. Adaptive Reuse Adaptive Reuse is a method of saving a historic building by modifying its original purpose. The historic characteristics c an be preserved, while the building’s internals are modified to accommodate new purposes. The most common examples of adaptive reuse: transforming an old warehouse into upscale apartments, converting a historic house into offices, and re-purposing a factory or industrial building into retail or museum space. Lock Sometimes the best option for restoring a historic building lays in the future. Whether it is a lack of funds, government regulations, or a lack of clear vision or purpose for the building’s futu re purpose, these may be signs that you cannot restore the historic building at this time. In this case, the best choice might be to pause the project and mothball the building until you can restore it properly. This means that the building will sit unuse d, closed and protected from further damage or wear & tear. The goal is to keep the historic building in a state of readiness, as was the case with the Jewish Historical Society Building in Washington, D.C., until you are ready to properly preserve the building or your preparations are complete. Move Credit to: MS. WAFA A. ALGHAMDI Lecturer, Fab Lab Director Department of Architecture, College of Architecture and Design  There are times when a historic building cannot be saved in its original location. Whether due to forces of nature or determined developers or land owners, the only solution is to physically move the building t o a new location. While some historians and community members may bemoan severing the building from its original placement, moving a historic building is a far better outcome than seeing the entire building wind up in a landfill. UNESCO A World Heritage Site is a landmark or area with legal protection by an international convention administered by the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization. World Heritage Sites are designated by UNESCO for having cultural, historical, sc ientific or other form of significance. What are the 6 Properties inscribed on the World Heritage List? What is the date of Date of Inscription of each one of them? Be able to talk about each one of them and their location and importance. Maps Cartography noun The art or process of drawing or making maps. Cartography is the study and practice of making and using maps. Combining science, aesthetics and technique, cartography builds on the premise that reality can be modeled in ways that communicate spa tial information effectively. A map is a representation of all or part of the Earth drawn on a flat surface at a specific scale. Maps use a variety of symbols and colors to represent selected features of an area. Maps were devised because they are much easier to use, store, and transport than globes, and they facilitated the development of much larger scaled representations than was the case with a globe. Credit to: MS. WAFA A. ALGHAMDI Lecturer, Fab Lab Director Department of Architecture, College of Architecture and Design Maps are usually classified according to their use. 1. General purpose maps, sometimes referred to as reference maps, show both natural and human-made features such as coastlines, lakes, rivers, boundaries, settlements, roads, rail lines, and others. The emphasis in general purpose maps is on location. Wall maps, most maps found in atlases, and road maps are all in this category. 2. Thematic maps, also referred to as special -purpose maps, illustrate the geographical distribution of a particular theme or phenomenon. Qualita tive thematic maps simply show the location or spatial distribution of a phenomenon, while quantitative maps display aspects of numerical data associated with the phenomenon shown. Landforms, aspects of climate, vegetation and soil types, demographics, ind ustry, manufacturing, and natural resources are examples of common thematic maps. 3. A third classification is topographic maps. As the term suggests, these maps show the topography or surface features of the landscape through the use of contour lines. Conto urs are lines on a map that join places of equal elevation above sea level. This three -dimensional effect allows for detailed study of landscape and drainage features. Topographic maps are usually of a large scale and show many of the features of general p urpose maps in considerable detail. 4. Mental maps can also be thought of as a map classification. These are images stored in our minds, about features and locations in our environment. Unlike other map types, mental maps may not be very accurate in terms of distances and directions. Nevertheless, they are very meaningful and useful to all of us on a daily basis. With the exception of mental maps, all maps share common properties or map basics that provide information to assist the reader in studying and interpreting the map. These include a title, scale, legend, date of publication, direction, borders, and information about the map projection. By definition all Credit to: MS. WAFA A. ALGHAMDI Lecturer, Fab Lab Director Department of Architecture, College of Architecture and Design  maps are scaled; that is, they are reduced from real -world dimensions to manageable proportions. Scale can be defined as the ratio of the distance between two points on the map and the same two points on the Earth’s surface. Scale can be expressed as a ratio (e.g., 1:50,000), as a line or graphic with labeled distance gradations, or as a verbal stateme nt (1 cm is equivalent to 0.5 km). A large-scale map is one that represents a small portion of the Earth’s surface but shows a great amount of detail. Topographic maps and city street maps are examples of large -scale maps. Small scale maps, on the other hand, represent large portions of the Earth’s surface but are not able to show much detail. Maps showing continents or the entire world are examples of small-scale maps. Maps showing a province or country could be considered intermediate scale maps. Be able to talk about the below map. Also be able to talk about your Project 1 and the region that was given to you. The Ebstorf Map, c. 1235 Credit to: MS. WAFA A. ALGHAMDI Lecturer, Fab Lab Director Department of Architecture, College of Architecture and Design