Building Utilities 3 (PDF)

AR 3281/D Building Utilities 3 Acoustics and Lighting Systems DEPARTMENT OF ARCHITECTURE SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING & ARCHITECTURE  AR 3281/D – Building Utilities 3...

AR 3281/D Building Utilities 3 Acoustics and Lighting Systems DEPARTMENT OF ARCHITECTURE SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING & ARCHITECTURE  AR 3281/D – Building Utilities 3 Module for 2nd Sem 2020-2021 AR 3281/D COURSE LEARNING OUTCOMES At the end of the course, you should be able to: 1. Identify the basic principles and appropriate application and performance of building service systems such as acoustics and lighting systems; 2. Converse effectively with allied professionals the common engineering language associated with acoustics and lighting systems; 3. Distinguish and respect the relationship between architects and acoustical and lighting engineers in the field of design and implementation of a building’s acoustics and lighting system; 4. Gain fundamental knowledge on the psychological and physiological effects of sound and Building Utilities 3 – light on building occupants; Acoustics & Lighting Systems Page 2 of 150 This is the property of and for the exclusive use of SLU. Reproduction, storing in a retrieval system, distributing, uploading or posting online, or transmitting in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying or  AR 3281/D – Building Utilities 3 Module for 2nd Sem 2020-2021 Table of Contents COURSE LEARNING OUTCOMES 2 Table of Contents 3 COURSE INTRODUCTION 9 Module and Unit Topics 9 MODULE 1: Architectural Acoustics 10 MODULE 2: Architectural Lighting 10 MODULE 2: Acoustics and Lighting Design 10 Course Study Guide 11 Additional Guidelines for Offline (CBL) Students: 13 Study Schedule 13 Evaluation 17 Formative Assessment Activities 17 Summative Assessment Activities 17 A Assignments, Quizzes and Examinations 18 B Final Course Requirement 18 Technological Tools 18 Contact Information of the Facilitators 20 MODULE 1 21 Architectural Acoustics 21 OVERVIEW 21 module learning outcomes 21 KEYWORDS & CONCEPTS 22 content 22 reading references 22 Module 1 – Unit 1: Sound Theory 23 LECTURE NOTES 23  INTRODUCTION 23  SOUND & VIBRATION 23  FREQUENCY OF SOUND 24  WAVELENGTH 25  SOUND SPECTRUM 25 Page 3 of 150 This is the property of and for the exclusive use of SLU. 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[Ar MCPSORIANO]  AR 3281/D – Building Utilities 3 Module for 2nd Sem 2020-2021  VELOCITY OF SOUND 26  FREQUENCY RANGES OF AUDIBLE SOUNDS 26  DECIBELS dB 27  FREQUENCY ANALYSIS 29  NOISE REDUCTION WITH DISTANCE 29 READING & NOTE-TAKING 30  READINGS 30  MAKE YOUR NOTES 30  GUIDE QUESTIONS 30 ASSESSMENT/EVALUATION 31 Module 1 – Unit 2: Sound Absorption 33 Lecture notes 33  SOUND ABSORBING TREATMENT 33  NOISE REDUCTION 34  SOUND ABSORPTION COEFFICIENT 34  ACOUSTICAL TREATMENT 35  EFFECT OF THICKNESS ON ABSORPTION EFFICIENCY 36  BASIC TYPES OF SOUND ABSORBERS 37  NOISE REDUCTION COEFFICIENT (NRC) 37  APPLICATIONS FOR SOUND-ABSORBING MATERIALS 40  REVERBERATION TIME (RT) 40  OPTIMUM REVERBERATION TIME 41  Sabine Formula Example 42  ROOM NOISE REDUCTION 44  SUGGESTED SOUND-ABSORBING TREATMENT FOR ROOMS 45  Room Noise Reduction Formula Example 45 READING & NOTE-TAKING 47  READINGS 47  MAKE YOUR NOTES 47  GUIDE QUESTIONS 48 ASSESSMENT/EVALUATION 49 Module 1 – Unit 3: Room Acoustics 52 Page 4 of 150 This is the property of and for the exclusive use of SLU. 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[Ar MCPSORIANO]  AR 3281/D – Building Utilities 3 Module for 2nd Sem 2020-2021 LECTURE NOTES 53  ROOM ACOUSTICS 53  REFLECTION, DIFFUSION, DIFFRACTION 54  PATTERN OF REFLECTED SOUND 55  RAY DIAGRAMS (analysis) 56  RAY DIAGRAM GRAPHICS 57 READING & NOTE-TAKING 59  READINGS 59  MAKE YOUR NOTES 59  RESEARCH 59 ASSESSMENT/EVALUATION 60 Module 1 – Unit 4: Sound Isolation 64 LECTURE NOTES 64  SOUND ISOLATION 64  NOISE SOURCES 64  DEGREE OF NOISE REDUCTION 65  METHODS OF SOUND ISOLATION 65  VIBRATION OF BUILDING ELEMENTS 66  TRANSMISSION LOSS (TL) 66  Transmission Loss Example 67  Composite Transmission Loss Example 68  NOISE REDUCTION BETWEEN ROOMS 69 READING & NOTE-TAKING 70  READINGS 70  MAKE YOUR NOTES 70  GUIDE QUESTIONS 70 ASSESSMENT/EVALUATION 74 MODULE 2 77 Architectural Lighting 77 OVERVIEW 77 module learning outcomes 77 KEYWORDS & CONCEPTS 78 Page 5 of 150 This is the property of and for the exclusive use of SLU. Reproduction, storing in a retrieval system, distributing, uploading or posting online, or transmitting in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying or otherwise of any part of this document, without prior written permission of SLU is strictly prohibited. [Ar MCPSORIANO]  AR 3281/D – Building Utilities 3 Module for 2nd Sem 2020-2021 content 78 reading references 78 Module 2 – Unit 1: Vision and Perception 79 LECTURE NOTES 80  VISION & PERCEPTION 80  SURFACE REFLECTANCE & APPARENT BRIGHTNESS 80  BIOLOGICAL NEEDS FOR VISUAL INFORMATION 81  ACTIVITY NEEDS FOR VISUAL INFORMATION 82  CONTRAST 83  BRIGHTNESS DIFFERENCES & VISUAL INFORMATION 83  GLARE & TYPES OF GLARE 83  THE I.E.S.N.A. METHOD 84  IESNA Method Example 86 READING & NOTE-TAKING 86  READINGS 86 ASSESSMENT/EVALUATION 87 Module 2 – Unit 2: Properties of Light 89 LECTURE NOTES 90  GEOMETRY OF LIGHT 90  REFLECTANCES, EFFICIENCY & LUMINANCE OF MATERIALS 90  TRANSMISSION 91  COLOR PERCEPTION 92  COLOR TEMPERATURE 93  COLOR RENDERING INDEX (CRI) 93  MEASUREMENT OF LIGHT 93 READING & NOTE-TAKING 94  READINGS 94  MAKE YOUR NOTES 95  GUIDE QUESTIONS 95 ASSESSMENT/EVALUATION 96 Module 2 – Unit 3: Natural and Electric Light in Buildings 98 LECTURE NOTES 98 Page 6 of 150 This is the property of and for the exclusive use of SLU. Reproduction, storing in a retrieval system, distributing, uploading or posting online, or transmitting in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying or otherwise of any part of this document, without prior written permission of SLU is strictly prohibited. [Ar MCPSORIANO]  AR 3281/D – Building Utilities 3 Module for 2nd Sem 2020-2021  NATURAL LIGHT 98  SUNLIGHTING STRATEGIES 98  DAYLIGHTING STRATEGIES 99  ADMITTING NATURAL LIGHT INTO A SPACE 100  DESIGNING WITH NATURAL LIGHT 101  ELECTRIC LIGHT 101  CHARACTERISTICS OF LIGHT SOURCES 101  RULES OF THUMB 105 READING & NOTE-TAKING 106  READINGS 106 ASSESSMENT/EVALUATION 107 Module 2 – Unit 4: Engineering Calculations 109 LECTURE NOTES 109  POINT METHOD 109  Point Method Example 110  QUANTITY & QUALITY OF ILLUMINATION 111  LUMEN METHOD 112  Lumen Method Example 114 READING & NOTE-TAKING 118  READINGS 118  MAKE YOUR NOTES 118  EXAMPLES 118  LUMEN METHOD TABLES 118 ASSESSMENT/EVALUATION 122 MODULE 3 124 Acoustics and Lighting Design 124 OVERVIEW 124 module learning outcomes 125 content 125 reading references 125 Module 3 – Unit 1: Acoustics and Lighting for IEQ 126 LECTURE NOTES 126 Page 7 of 150 This is the property of and for the exclusive use of SLU. 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[Ar MCPSORIANO]  AR 3281/D – Building Utilities 3 Module for 2nd Sem 2020-2021  CHECKLIST FOR LECTURE ROOMS 126  CHECKLIST FOR MULTIPURPOSE AUDITORIUMS 127  CHECKLIST FOR ROOM ACOUSTICS DESIGN 131  CHECKLIST FOR EFFECTIVE ABSORPTION OF SOUND 132  CHECKLIST FOR EFFECTIVE ISOLATION OF SOUND 133  CHECKLIST FOR ENERGY-CONSCIOUS DESIGN OF LIGHTING SYSTEMS 134  CHECKLIST FOR DESIGNING WITH NATURAL LIGHT 137  CHECKLIST FOR INTERIOR LAYOUTS USING SIDELIGHTING 138  GUIDELINES FOR ARCHITECTURAL LIGHTING 139 CASE STUDY 141 ASSESSMENT/EVALUATION 144 ASSESSMENT/EVALUATION 145 Module 3 – Unit 2: Acoustics and Lighting Design 147 Design application 147 ASSESSMENT/EVALUATION 148 Bibliography 150 Page 8 of 150 This is the property of and for the exclusive use of SLU. Reproduction, storing in a retrieval system, distributing, uploading or posting online, or transmitting in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying or otherwise of any part of this document, without prior written permission of SLU is strictly prohibited. [Ar MCPSORIANO]  AR 3281/D – Building Utilities 3 Module for 2nd Sem 2020-2021 “Light, air, sound. In every space, it’s how you embrace those things.” Architect Michael Gabellini COURSE INTRODUCTION AR 3281/D entails a study on the psycho-physics of acoustics and lighting – measurement, analysis and application to buildings in relation to the immediate surroundings or environment. Emphasis will be on development of basic knowledge of acoustics and lighting systems as a component of the different building systems. This course is designed for the students to understand the importance of integrating these systems in the early stages of architectural design and that they may determine the need thereof. It will also provide the students with adequate knowledge on how to control and manipulate sound and light and integrate the outcome to the architectural character of the building. This course is basically an introduction to the principles and practice of architectural acoustics and architectural lighting as integral to the architectural design process. AR3281/D is a lecture-studio course that will be delivered in 2 lecture hours and 3 studio hours per week through readings, note-taking, slideshows (handouts for CBL), quizzes, worksheets and research. Drafting works will be done for case studies. AR 3281/D – Building Utilities 3: Acoustics and Lighting Systems prepares you as future architects to demonstrate the intended learning outcomes as per CHED Memo 61, series of 2017 otherwise known as the Policies, Standards and Guidelines for the Bachelor of Science of Architecture Program effective AY 2018-2019. At the end of the course, you are expected to determine the acoustic and lighting requirements of buildings that are code compliant, have less negative impact to the environment and achieve maximum comfort for the building occupants or users. Module and Unit Topics To ensure that you will demonstrate the above-cited learning outcomes at the end of the semester, this course will be delivered in 36 lecture and 54 studio contact hours for you to work on one major project broken up into three MODULES: (1) Architectural Acoustics, (2) Architectural Lighting and (3) Acoustics and Lighting Page 9 of 150 This is the property of and for the exclusive use of SLU. Reproduction, storing in a retrieval system, distributing, uploading or posting online, or transmitting in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying or otherwise of any part of this document, without prior written permission of SLU is strictly prohibited. [Ar MCPSORIANO]  AR 3281/D – Building Utilities 3 Module for 2nd Sem 2020-2021 Design. To track your development, each will have 2 – 4 UNITS each where assessment activities aligned with the 5E instructional model (Bybee, 2016) are given. Graphical, computational and written communication skills should be clearly demonstrated in the modules and depending on your internet connectivity and technological access I would also like to hear your voice through Google Meet discussions, “desk crits” or slideshow presentations. We can also communicate through voice calls. MODULE 1: Architectural Acoustics This module provides a study of the theories of architectural acoustics that is concerned with the effect of sound in buildings to create a satisfactory acoustical environment. In designing for acoustical comfort, there is a need for the appreciation of the nature of sound and the principles to acoustics. Acoustics is a branch of physics concerned with the study of sound and noise described as objectionable or undesired sound. The focus of this module is learning how to integrate acoustical solutions with other demands made in the building. It is equally important to foresee potential noise problems in buildings as architects do as early as the schematic design stage of a project. Architects should seek advice early during the design phase so that consultants can point out possible solutions that will provide satisfactory noise control. MODULE 2: Architectural Lighting This module starts a review of basic lighting previously encountered in electrical systems then moves on to architectural lighting. The concepts to be studied are the utilization of either natural or artificially generated light in providing a desired visual environment for work and living. Just as the different ways of approaching and understanding light – as inspiration, in poetry, mystical and ephemeral – there are various principles of making use of light in a functional and physical manner in architecture. For the architect, light is integral to the perception and use of place, including buildings. Light is always used in meaningful ways and architects learn how to manipulate the building form, glazing, lighting fixtures and lamps. MODULE 2: Acoustics and Lighting Design This module focuses on designing the acoustic and lighting requirements of spaces that have critical audio and visual functions and to recommend solutions to spaces with potential noise and lighting problems. Worksheets and computational design solutions on paper are important tools in specifying the appropriate building components and surface finishes of interior spaces during the design phase of the project or spend for expensive treatments after construction. Simple projects requiring acoustical and lighting comfort like classrooms, audio-visual rooms, offices and workshops will be dealt with. Good architectural acoustics and lighting is crucial Page 10 of 150 This is the property of and for the exclusive use of SLU. Reproduction, storing in a retrieval system, distributing, uploading or posting online, or transmitting in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying or otherwise of any part of this document, without prior written permission of SLU is strictly prohibited. [Ar MCPSORIANO]  AR 3281/D – Building Utilities 3 Module for 2nd Sem 2020-2021 to the performance of daily activities and the appreciation of the built environment. Course Study Guide Completing this course successfully relies heavily on your self-discipline, time management skills and perception on the subject matter. The modules were prepared for you to learn diligently, intelligently and independently. By keeping yourself motivated to follow the activities in the study schedule, aiming for excellence in making outputs and mastering the technologies and processes required in the delivery of your project, you will acquire the professionalism required of licensed and registered architects. This guide is consistent with the formal academic environment of in-person classes and will lay the groundwork for our (learner-facilitator) relationship throughout this term. 1. Manage your minutes. Create a study routine and stick to it. Keep tabs of project deadlines and schedule of activities with visual cues in your workplace and online or phone reminders. Fit in your schedule on your other enrolled courses including meal times and your household duties at home. Although it is ideal to work within the enrolled official time frame, you may choose a time of day (or night) when you are most likely to maximize learning. Communicate your schedule to your family members so they can help you keep it. 2. Setup your workplace. Prepare a dedicated space, be it your own room or a free corner of your house that is conducive for learning. Also, think of the type of work you will be doing like drafting and typing and the storage space for the materials you need. Work with what you have, keep your space organized and turn it into a place you love. 3. Mind your manners. Treat the distance learning environment as an academic space like a physical classroom. Observe proper decorum. Avoid asking questions that have been answered in the lessons or instructions which could reflect your poor focus and uninspired preparation for this course. Practice Electronic Conversation Etiquette in group chats, open forums and similar digital venues. a. Use appropriate languages and tone, correct grammar and spelling, and complete sentences acceptable in an academic forum. Avoid text-speak, slang and all caps in your posts. b. Express your opinions politely and do not dominate the conversation. c. Avoid lengthy as well as offensive posts by sticking to the topic of the discussion. d. Take time to understand the salient points of the discussion and provide a meaningful and well-thought response to the posts of other participants. Page 11 of 150 This is the property of and for the exclusive use of SLU. Reproduction, storing in a retrieval system, distributing, uploading or posting online, or transmitting in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying or otherwise of any part of this document, without prior written permission of SLU is strictly prohibited. [Ar MCPSORIANO]  AR 3281/D – Building Utilities 3 Module for 2nd Sem 2020-2021 e. For live meetings or video-conferencing set-ups, mute your microphone when you are not speaking to keep the focus on the main speaker. f. Upload a decent profile picture in all the apps that we will be using to communicate. 4. Master the medium. The distance learning courses will be delivered making use of the institutional Google Suite account of Saint Louis University. Devote some time to learn the applications you will need to access your course materials, interact with me and your classmates, and submit course requirements. Familiarize the apps listed under Technological Tools. If you are offline, identify the most convenient means for express mail correspondence and update the details to me. 5. Follow instructions. Treat instructions and/or directions as the specifications for a building to be constructed that must be conformed to deliver a successful project. Follow specifications for format, paper type, presentation medium and file-name system for electronic documents. Following instructions can save us both times in the navigation of your course submissions. 6. Make masterpieces. Aim high, aim for excellence and go beyond the minimum requirements that correspond to the minimum expected competencies for this course. The quality of your work reflects the amount of thought and care you put into the process of completing it which provides a tangible measure of the competencies you have developed and obtained in this course. 7. Be original. Your course outputs which will be submitted in electronic format have a high traceable and comparable digital footprint that can be easily checked for originality. Cite your sources properly for referenced statements you decide to use in your own work. Also, strive for creativity and innovation especially in your design outputs. 8. Connect constantly. Utilize online and offline modes (phones and correspondence) to ensure that you are well informed with the needed learning materials, instructions, materials and feedback on time. Exhaust all possible means to keep in touch in updating with me and your classmates. Check and save my contact details. 9. Be independent. You may use all resources at your disposal and consult other people, but, it is your independent work that will be evaluated against the standards set for this course. Learn as much from this course as an individual and make it count. 10. Don’t forget to rest. Studying from home may sometimes be tempting to work longer hours which could be physically exhausting and mentally draining. Hence, make time for deliberate rest like meal time, sleep and a little bit of relaxation. Active deliberate rest like exercising or doing hobbies will allow you to work more effectively and more creatively. Page 12 of 150 This is the property of and for the exclusive use of SLU. Reproduction, storing in a retrieval system, distributing, uploading or posting online, or transmitting in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying or otherwise of any part of this document, without prior written permission of SLU is strictly prohibited. [Ar MCPSORIANO]  AR 3281/D – Building Utilities 3 Module for 2nd Sem 2020-2021 Additional Guidelines for Offline (CBL) Students: 1. If you are a student opting for the offline mode of distance learning, you will be tasked to send back the accomplished requirements at given stages of the course through express mail correspondence on or before the scheduled date to me. Make sure to follow it up with me through SMS or text or any other media available to you. 2. While waiting for my feedback on your accomplished requirements, continue doing the task in the succeeding units of the module. 3. If needed, do not hesitate to keep in touch with me through any available means anytime. Study Schedule Below is our calendar of activities in conducting this course where the desired topic learning outcomes and corresponding learning strategies and assessment requirements are shown. Align this study schedule with the official time frame you have enrolled. Dates TOPIC LEARNING OUTCOMES ACTIVITIES Week 1 Google Classroom Orientation – Engage: Join Google Classroom Jan 18-23, 2021 policies & procedures; Explore: Introduce yourself Course and Modules Orientation; Explain: Read the course guide Elaborate: Familiarize the study schedule Evaluate: Answer student survey MODULE 1: Architectural Acoustics Week 2 M1-UNIT 1: Sound Theory Engage: Read module overview Jan 25-30, 2021 Explore: Review keywords and TLO 1: Describe fundamental concepts concepts of sound and the Explain: Read lecture notes components of an acoustical Elaborate: Research thru further environment; readings Evaluate: Make an acoustical diary of sounds heard at home Jan 30 M1-Unit 1 Assessment: Assignment 1 “Acoustical Diary” 100 points Week 3 M1-UNIT 2: Sound Absorption Engage: Read 1st part of lecture notes Feb 1-6, 2021 Explore: Identify acoustical TLO 2: Select sound absorbing treatments in buildings you visited treatments for enclosed spaces that Explain: Study sample problems Page 13 of 150 This is the property of and for the exclusive use of SLU. 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[Ar MCPSORIANO]  AR 3281/D – Building Utilities 3 Module for 2nd Sem 2020-2021 Dates TOPIC LEARNING OUTCOMES ACTIVITIES will produce an optimum Elaborate: Further reading with reverberation time; exercises Evaluate: Case study Feb 6 M1-Unit 2 Assessment: Assignment 2 “Reverberation Time & Noise Reduction” 100 points Week 4 M1-UNIT 3: Room Acoustics Engage: Recall theater concepts in Feb 9-13, 2021 history of architecture TLO 3: Evaluate the behavior of Explore: Review examples of Greek sound in enclosed spaces and the and Roman theaters room’s optimum shape and size; Explain: Study lecture notes Elaborate: Study sample problem Evaluate: Perform Ray Diagram Analysis Feb 13 M1-Unit 3 Assessment: Assignment 3 “Ray Diagram Analysis” 100 points Week 5 M1-UNIT 4: Sound Isolation Engage: Read overview and perform Feb 15-20, 2021 sound isolation experiment at home TLO 4: Select materials and assemblies Explore: Read lecture notes for significant noise reduction in Explain: Study sample problems in buildings; sound isolation Elaborate: Readings and note-taking Evaluate: Solve problems on sound transmission coefficient, transmission loss and noise reduction Feb 20 M1-Unit 4 Assessment: Assignment 4 “Transmission Loss & Noise Reduction” 100 points Week 6 Module 1 Assessment Preliminary Examination 100 points Feb 22-27, 2021 MODULE 2: Architectural Lighting Week 7 M2-UNIT 1: Vision & Perception Engage: Recall building utilities 2 Mar 1-6, 2021 topics on lighting layout TLO 5: Identify lighting concepts that Explore: Go over the keywords and are used in architectural design; concepts Explain: Study lecture notes Elaborate: Read assigned texts and prepare notes Evaluate: Make a lighting diary of the rooms at home Page 14 of 150 This is the property of and for the exclusive use of SLU. Reproduction, storing in a retrieval system, distributing, uploading or posting online, or transmitting in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying or otherwise of any part of this document, without prior written permission of SLU is strictly prohibited. [Ar MCPSORIANO]  AR 3281/D – Building Utilities 3 Module for 2nd Sem 2020-2021 Dates TOPIC LEARNING OUTCOMES ACTIVITIES Mar 6 M2-Unit 1 Assessment: Assignment 5 “Lighting Diary” 100 points Week 8 M2-UNIT 2: Properties of Light Engage: Read overview Mar 8-13, 2021 Explore: Study lecture notes TLO 6: Distinguish the properties of Explain: Read book sections and light & the architectural environment prepare notes that make up the lighting conditions Elaborate: Answer guide questions in buildings; Evaluate: Research and illustrate different types of lams and architectural lighting M2-Unit 2 Assessment: Assignment 6 “Research: Architectural Lighting & Mar 13 Lighting Installations” 100 points Week 9 M2-UNIT 3: Natural & Electric Light in Engage: Study lecture notes Mar 15-20, 2021 Buildings Explore: Prepare notes on assigned readings TLO 7: Specify lighting strategies in Explain: Relate topics to Units building interiors that satisfy Elaborate: Read daylighting and sustainable design principles; energy conservation strategies Evaluate: Case study on lighting strategies – commercial building M2-Unit 3 Assessment: Assignment 7 “Lighting Strategies for a Commercial Mar 20 Building” 100 points Week 10 M2-UNIT 4: Engineering Calculations Engage: Study lecture notes Mar 22-27, 2021 Explore: Prepare notes on assigned TLO 8: Determine illumination levels in readings rooms from direct electric sources Explain: Relate topics to Units 1 – 3 and inter-reflected light; Elaborate: Practice sample problems on engineering calculations Evaluate: Quiz on lighting calculations Mar 27 M2-Unit 4 Assessment: Assignment 8 “Quiz – Lighting Calculations” 100 points Week 11 Mar 29 – Apr 3, Holy Week Break 2021 Week 12 Catching-up Week Apr 5-10, 2020 Week 13 Module 2 Assessment Midterm Examination 100 points Apr 12-17, 2021 Page 15 of 150 This is the property of and for the exclusive use of SLU. 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[Ar MCPSORIANO]  AR 3281/D – Building Utilities 3 Module for 2nd Sem 2020-2021 Dates TOPIC LEARNING OUTCOMES ACTIVITIES MODULE 3: Acoustics and Lighting Design Week 14-15 M3-UNIT 1: Acoustics and Lighting for Engage: Read lecture notes Apr 19 – May 1, IEQ Explore: Open case study design brief 2021 Explain: Research green and other TLO 9: Discover sustainable design sustainable concepts in auditorium strategies for enhancing IEQ in terms acoustics and lighting and Boolean of acoustics and lighting; search – sample projects of conference centers Elaborate: Apply acoustics and lighting design theories Evaluate: Conceptual design for a conference center M3-Unit 1 Assessment: Assignment 9a “Sustainable Concepts in Acoustics & Apr 24 Lighting” 100 points M3-Unit 1 Assessment: Assignment 9b “Esquisse: Conference Center” 100 May 1 points Week 16-17 M3-UNIT 2: Acoustics and Lighting Engage: Open project brief for May 3-15, 2021 Design capstone project Explore: Improve the conceptual TLO 10: Specify acoustical and design lighting components in audio-visual Explain: Perform technical spaces based from design guidelines calculations to determine acoustical and engineering calculations; treatment and lighting specifications Elaborate: Compare results with standards Evaluate: Construct scale model and evaluate natural lighting May 15 M3-Unit 3 Assessment: Assignment 10 “Drawings and Calculations” 100 points Compilation of NOTES made on readings and research. Week 18-19 May 17-26, Module 3 Assessment Final Examination 100 points 2021 Page 16 of 150 This is the property of and for the exclusive use of SLU. Reproduction, storing in a retrieval system, distributing, uploading or posting online, or transmitting in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying or otherwise of any part of this document, without prior written permission of SLU is strictly prohibited. [Ar MCPSORIANO]  AR 3281/D – Building Utilities 3 Module for 2nd Sem 2020-2021 Evaluation The course modules rely on formative and summative assessments to determine your learning progress in each module. To obtain a passing grade in this course, you must: 1. Read and make notes on all course lessons (readings); 2. Participate in scheduled learning strategies; 3. Answer pre-assessment quizzes, self-assessment activities and reflection questions; 4. Submit all assignments (plates, research work, etc...); 5. Take the Prelims, Midterm and Final Examinations; 6. Obtain a minimum raw score equal to 50% of the total score assigned in any of the assessment requirements. Formative Assessment Activities Formative assessments for this course are applied to ungraded activities that will be used to monitor your learning experience and provide feedback to improve both your learning and my instructional approach. You are required to answer the self-assessment activities, reflection questions (or ? Question in Google Classroom), perform note taking in reading activities and participate in the discussion (or Comment) anytime within the scheduled days but your scores in these activities will not be included in the computation of your final grade. However, these will still be part of your course completion. The reflection questions are designed to help you critically analyze the course readings for better understanding while the self-assessment activities are designed as a review management tool to prepare you for the examinations and design problems. Off-line students must send their answers through SMS or text messaging. Note taking is a way of increasing your literature on the assigned topics and develop understanding of the architectural concepts and theories. Notes are your permanent records of what you have read or listened to that will help you make sense of the text. Taking notes helps you concentrate. Check the Note Taking Tips I have uploaded in our classroom. Answering formative questions and requirements successfully will serve as prompts for you to study further or move on to the next unit or the module. You may seek help from your family and friends in doing formative assessment activities. Summative Assessment Activities The evaluative assessments are graded activities designed to determine if your acquisition of learning and performance in tests is at par with standards set at certain milestones in this course. Page 17 of 150 This is the property of and for the exclusive use of SLU. Reproduction, storing in a retrieval system, distributing, uploading or posting online, or transmitting in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying or otherwise of any part of this document, without prior written permission of SLU is strictly prohibited. [Ar MCPSORIANO]  AR 3281/D – Building Utilities 3 Module for 2nd Sem 2020-2021 A Assignments, Quizzes and Examinations Graded assignments, short quizzes and examinations are essential to determine whether your performance meets the minimum goal needed to be achieved in this course which should be equal to at least 50% of the total assigned score. The scores obtained in the graded activities will contribute to your final grade with corresponding weights discussed in the succeeding sections of this text. Direct scoring on straightforward requirements like short answers and multiple-choice responses will be used. For answers that are typically lengthy like essays and design projects that require complex and creative thinking on your part, scoring rubrics will be used. In Google Classroom, these will be posted under Classwork where you will also be submitting your work. Case study plates and slideshows will be categorized as assignments and the corresponding reading material and resources will be uploaded in the same page. Plates require extensive drawings or graphical presentation outputs classified as CS for case study application on specific buildings or design problems and RS for research data. Other references that may be used to increase your data base will be uploaded under Materials. Quizzes are generally short that will require short answers, classified as Quiz Assignment and will be in Google Form. All course requirements will be assigned a control number for ease of recording and filing. B Final Course Requirement To achieve the course learning outcome, a submission of the acoustical and lighting plans for a conference center in Portable Document Format or pdf is required which will be accomplished individually according to the study plan. Technological Tools To be able to accomplish all the tasks in this course, you will need the following resources, but please take note of the optional tools, that are not absolutely necessary, hence please do not force your parents to buy these things for you: 1. Drafting table/board, tools and paper (A4 paper) 2. Desktop computer or laptop with the following software applications: a. Word processing (MS Word or equivalent) b. Spreadsheet (MS Excel or equivalent) c. Presentation program (MS PowerPoint or equivalent) d. AutoCAD or SketchUP e. Any desktop publishing software f. Any photo (and video) editing app g. Alternately, if you have internet access, you can utilize Google Suite Page 18 of 150 This is the property of and for the exclusive use of SLU. Reproduction, storing in a retrieval system, distributing, uploading or posting online, or transmitting in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying or otherwise of any part of this document, without prior written permission of SLU is strictly prohibited. [Ar MCPSORIANO]  AR 3281/D – Building Utilities 3 Module for 2nd Sem 2020-2021 apps like docs, sheets, slides, etc… including Drive for cloud storage through your Gmail and Google Classroom h. Internet connection i. Smartphone or digital camera for documentation and video recording j. Telephone or mobile phone & messenger.com for communications k. Printer and scanner (OPTION ONLY), if you do not have these at home, you can avail of printing and scanning services from computer shops near you, however, please observe the health protocols for covid-19. You can also use your smartphone scanner app to document plates. If you are a student online, access to the institutional Google Classroom will be provided through your institutional account. An invitation to join the Google Classroom will be sent to you through the SLU Student Portal and your SLU Gmail Account which should be checked daily. Turn on your Gmail, Classroom and Hangout notifications on your mobile phone and computer. Subsequent assignments, reading materials, slide show presentations, quizzes, examinations and other learning resources will be uploaded in Google Classroom. If you are a student offline, the delivery instruction and requirements will be primarily through express mail correspondence of printed modules and saved digital content on a USB flash drive. Feedback and clarifications will be facilitated through text messaging and voice calls, hence you need to have regular access to a cellular phone. If you need to call or you want to talk to me, send me a message first and wait for me to respond as I do not respond to unregistered numbers on my phone. Please use only the mobile number you submitted to me. You will be informed of my mailing address when you receive your course delivery package. Page 19 of 150 This is the property of and for the exclusive use of SLU. Reproduction, storing in a retrieval system, distributing, uploading or posting online, or transmitting in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying or otherwise of any part of this document, without prior written permission of SLU is strictly prohibited. [Ar MCPSORIANO]  AR 3281/D – Building Utilities 3 Module for 2nd Sem 2020-2021 Contact Information of the Facilitators SLU Architecture number: +63 74 443 2001 local 303 Ar. Maria Criselda P. Soriano, uap, MSME, MS Arch Mobile and landline numbers: +63 920 9133905 (Smart)/+63 74 444 6151(PLDT) Institutional email address: [email protected] Messenger and FB account: Shiella Perez-Soriano Ar. Chester Allan P. Kiat-ong, uap, M Arch Mobile and landline numbers: +63 9062140196 Institutional email address: [email protected] Messenger and FB account: Chester Allan Kiat-ong Ar. Archelene D. De Castillo, uap Mobile and landline numbers: +63 9751780508 Institutional email address: [email protected] Messenger and FB account: Ar Che For CBL Students, GET IN TOUCH NOW! At this point, let’s get connected. Send me a SMS or text message with your personal information: Class Code_AR3281/D_CBL_Family Name, First Name Page 20 of 150 This is the property of and for the exclusive use of SLU. Reproduction, storing in a retrieval system, distributing, uploading or posting online, or transmitting in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying or otherwise of any part of this document, without prior written permission of SLU is strictly prohibited. [Ar MCPSORIANO]  AR 3281/D – Building Utilities 3 Module for 2nd Sem 2020-2021 MODULE 1 Architectural Acoustics OVERVIEW This module provides a study of the theories of architectural acoustics that is concerned with the effect of sound in buildings to create a satisfactory acoustical environment. In designing for acoustical comfort, there is a need for the appreciation of the nature of sound and the principles to acoustics. Acoustics is a branch of physics concerned with the study of sound and noise described as objectionable or undesired sound. The focus of this module is learning how to integrate acoustical solutions with other demands made in the building. It is equally important to foresee potential noise problems in buildings as architects do as early as the schematic design stage of a project. Architects shou should ld seek advice early during the design phase so that consultants can point out possible solutions that will provide satisfactory noise control. Noise problems and acoustical treatments. (Google Images) ***What sounds do you hear while reading this module? MODULE LEARNING OUTCOMES OMES In this module, you will learn to: a) Describe the fundamental concepts of sound and the components of an acoustical environment; b) Select sound absorbing treatments for enclosed spaces that will produce an optimum reverbera reverberation time; c) Evaluate the behavior of sound in enclosed spaces and the room’s optimum shape and size; d) Select materials and assemblies for significant noise reduction in buildings; Page 21 of 150 This is the property of and for the exclusive use of SLU. Reproduction, storing in a retrieval system, distributi distributing, uploading or posting online, or transmitting in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying or  AR 3281/D – Building Utilities 3 Module for 2nd Sem 2020-2021 KEYWORDS & CONCEPTS Acoustical Analysis Frequency Analysis Presbycusis Acoustical Hearing Impairment Reflection Environment Hearing Range Resonance Airborne Sound Hertz (Hz) Resonant Absorption Impact Isolation Frequency Area Effect Class (IIC) Reverberation Attenuation Impact Sound Reverberation Time A-Weighting Inverse Square Law Sabin Ambient Live End/Dead End Sabine Formula Noise/Sound Loudness Sound Absorption Background Noise Masking Sound Absorption Baffle Mounting Coefficient Barrier Noise Sound Barrier Boominess Noise Criteria (NC) Sound Level Cloud Noise Isolation Class Sound Pressure Cocktail Part Effect (NIC) Sound Pressure Cycle Noise Reduction Level Cycles per Second (NR) Soundproofing Damping Noise Reduction Sound Level Meter Decibel (dB) Coefficient Octave Soundproofing Deflection Bands Spectrum Diffusion Speech Privacy Structure Borne Echo Sound Transmission Noise Echo Flutter Class (STC) Vibration Flanking Sound Transmission Vibrator Isolator Free Field Loss (TL) Wavelength Frequency Pitch CONTENT This module has 4 Units corresponding to the following topics: 1) Sound Theory 2) Sound Absorption 3) Room Acoustics 4) Sound Isolation READING REFERENCES 1) Architectural Acoustics by M. David Egan 2) Time-Saver Standards for Architectural Design Data, 7th edition, The Reference of Architectural Fundamentals by Donald Watson, Editor-in Chief a. Part 1 Chapter 8: Acoustics – Theory and Applications, 101-116 3) MECHANICAL AND ELECTRICAL SYSTEMS, 5th edition, by Joseph B. Wujek and Frank R. Dagostino a. Chapter 23: Acoustical Control Systems in Buildings, pages 809 – 830 4) Archtoolbox, Technical and Professional Practice Reference for Architects a. Architectural Acoustics Page 22 of 150 This is the property of and for the exclusive use of SLU. Reproduction, storing in a retrieval system, distributing, uploading or posting online, or transmitting in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying or otherwise of any part of this document, without prior written permission of SLU is strictly prohibited. [Ar MCPSORIANO]  AR 3281/D – Building Utilities 3 Module for 2nd Sem 2020-2021 Module 1 – Unit 1: Sound Theory Defining the acoustical situation and acoustical designs in buildings is based on the understanding of the theories and properties of sound including its measurement and control. You are expected to describe the fundamental concepts of sound and the components of an acoustical environment (TLO 1) at the end of your learning experiences in this Unit. LECTURE NOTES (Egan, Architectural Acoustics, 2007)  INTRODUCTION  3 parts that describe (architectural) acoustical situations: 1. Source – human speech, HVAC equipment  Can be made louder or more quiet 2. Path – air, earth, water, building material  Transmits sound  Interrupt the path = sound isolation 3. Receiver – humans, animals, sensitive equipment  Hearing comfortably (or not)  3 aspects of acoustical design in buildings: 1. Planning to keep noise sources as far as possible from quiet areas 2. Internal acoustics of rooms 3. Structural precautions to reduce noise penetration  During the schematic design phase, the architect must:  Analyze the design the design purpose  Planned usage of individual rooms before acoustical planning  SOUND & VIBRATION  Sound – a vibration in an elastic medium, such as air, water, building materials and earth  Pressure – is a force per unit area  An elastic medium returns to its normal state after a force is removed  Vibration of particles in air (Google Images) Page 23 of 150 This is the property of and for the exclusive use of SLU. Reproduction, storing in a retrieval system, distributing, uploading or posting online, or transmitting in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying or otherwise of any part of this document, without prior written permission of SLU is strictly prohibited. [Ar MCPSORIANO]  AR 3281/D – Building Utilities 3 Module for 2nd Sem 2020-2021 Sound Wave Characteristics (Google Images)  Amplitude – the maximum displacement during vibration  Cycle – a full circuit be a displaced particle  Period – the time required for one complete cycle  Frequency of vibration is the number of complete cycles per second  Cycles/sec; Hertz (Hz)  Pure tone – is the vibration produced at single frequency  To find period corresponding to a frequency of vibration: Tp = 11/f Where: Tp = period (sec/cycle) f = frequency (cycles/sec or Hz) Example: Tp = 1/63Hz = 0.02 seconds/cycle  FREQUENCY OF SOUND  Frequency – the rate of repetition of a periodic event determined by the number of times per second a given molecule of air vibrates about its neutral position  The greater the number of complete vibrations, the higher the frequency  Pitch – subjective response of human hearing to frequency  Example: low frequency - boomy High frequency - screechy/hissy  Frequency range – for measurement, analysis and specification of sound  Divided into sections called bands Page 24 of 150 This is the property of and for the exclusive use of SLU. 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[Ar MCPSORIANO]  AR 3281/D – Building Utilities 3 Module for 2nd Sem 2020-2021  10 octave bands, identified by their center frequencies Octave Band Ranges of 3 Musical Instruments (Egan, 2007)  WAVELENGTH  Wavelength – the distance a sound wave travels during one cycle of vibration  The distance between adjacent regions where identical conditions occur (of particle displacements)  Example: slinky toy or ripples of water  To find the wavelength of sound in air at a specific frequency: λ = 1130 ÷ ƒ λ = wavelength (feet) ƒ = frequency (Hz)  SOUND SPECTRUM  Sound spectrum – plotted data of sounds: pressure, level, frequency  for meaningful “sound analysis,” determine the relationship between sound pressure level and frequency  used to describe the magnitude of sound energy at many frequencies  similar to indoor climate control  Broadband – the resulting sound/noise spread throughout a wide range of frequency called flat spectrum Page 25 of 150 This is the property of and for the exclusive use of SLU. 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[Ar MCPSORIANO]  AR 3281/D – Building Utilities 3 Module for 2nd Sem 2020-2021 Sound Spectrum Graphs (Egan, 2007)  VELOCITY OF SOUND  Depends of elasticity and density of medium  1130 feet/second – velocity of sound at normal temperature and atmospheric pressure  Slower than light speed  Comparisons:  Air in ducts – 2000 ft/min or 33 ft/sec  Sound travelling along steel pipe walls – 16,000 ft/sec  Sound velocity is the product of frequency times wavelength  FREQUENCY RANGES OF AUDIBLE SOUNDS  Hearing ranges  Young people = λ 22m, 20Hz up to λ 2.1cm, 20,000Hz  Old (>20 years) = λ 22m, 20Hz up to λ 8.6cm, 4,000Hz  16-20000Hz, speech intelligibility  600-4800Hz, speech privacy  250-2500Hz, typical small table radio  Common hearing impairments:  Presbycusis – hearing sensitivity diminishes with increasing age  Sociocusis – permanent hearing damage due to exposure to intense sounds  Nosocusis – other hearing losses Page 26 of 150 This is the property of and for the exclusive use of SLU. Reproduction, storing in a retrieval system, distributing, uploading or posting online, or transmitting in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying or otherwise of any part of this document, without prior written permission of SLU is strictly prohibited. [Ar MCPSORIANO]  AR 3281/D – Building Utilities 3 Module for 2nd Sem 2020-2021  Criteria for evaluating acoustical environment:  Effect on occupants  How people hear and respond to sound  Personal prejudices  Physiological and psychological reactions  DECIBELS dB  BEL unit - (from Alexander Graham Bell)  Used to relate the intensity of sound to an intensity level corresponding to the human hearing sensation  DECI – indicates that logarithm is to be multiplied by 10  Human hearing range  Threshold of audibility starts at 0dB (10-16)  Threshold of pain at 130dB (10-3)  Related to a bathroom scale, 0dB is the weight of one strand of hair while 130dB is the weight of a 30-storey building  Logarithms allow huge range of human hearing sensitivity to small numbers only Common Sounds in Decibels (Google Images)  Decibel Addition – since decibels are logarithmic values, they can’t be combined with normal algebraic addition  Example: the sound level of 2 violins at 60dB each = 63db and not 120dB (pain) ADD THE FF Db (or SUBTRACT) TO THE WHEN 2dB VALUES DIFFER BY HIGHER VALUE 0 or 1 3 2 or 3 2 4 to 8 1 9 or more 0 Hence, 60dB + 60dB difference is 0, so add 3dB = 63dB  Example: 34dB 42dB 41dB 58dB 43db 58dB 58dB  The higher sound level swamps out the lower sound level Page 27 of 150 This is the property of and for the exclusive use of SLU. Reproduction, storing in a retrieval system, distributing, uploading or posting online, or transmitting in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying or  AR 3281/D – Building Utilities 3 Module for 2nd Sem 2020-2021  Sound level meters – example, the VIZ WE-130A130A Sound Level Meter  a portable instrument for measurement of environmental sound levels  designed for checking high noise levels that maybe disturbing or have a harmful effect to persons in locations (factories, construction sites, ai airports, rports, urban residences, heavy traffic and work areas)  range is A A-weighted  calibration: 70-85dBA 85dBA safe, 85 85-90dBA borderline, 90 90-110 unsafe (exposure) (exposure)(Google Images) use the decimeter at a  normally exposed location  A-Weighted Weighted Sound Levels (dBA)  The appare apparentnt loudness of sound that we perceive varies not only with sound pressure, but also with frequency  The response of the meter is “weighted”” so that it corresponds closely to the human ear  B & C weighting is used in various acoustical testing , procedures 63Hz 125Hz 250Hz 500Hz 1000Hz 2000Hz 4000Hz 8000Hz -25 -15 -8 -3 0 +1 +1 -1 dB 74 68 64 65 57 67 dB dBA 59 60 61 65 58 68 dBA  Impact noise – impact sounds of very short duration tolerated at higher levels up to 140dBA  OSHA Occupational Safety and Health th Administration  Regulations egulations to protect against hearing loss Permissible Daily Upper Limit of Noise Exposure Weighted Decibels (Egan, 2007) in A-Weighted Page 28 of 150 This is the property of and for the exclusive use of SLU. Reproduction, storing in a retrieval system, distributi distributing, uploading or posting online, or transmitting in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying or  AR 3281/D – Building Utilities 3 Module for 2nd Sem 2020-2021  FREQUENCY ANALYSIS  Octave band analysis of noise to give a more complete picture of how severe noise problems are at specific frequencies  Used to determine corrective measures: 1. Reducing noise levels at source  Example: redesign noisy equipment or individual process 2. Interrupting the path  Baffles, principles or noise control (absorption and isolation) 3. Protecting the receiver  Example: ear plugs  NOISE REDUCTION WITH DISTANCE  Sound energy from point sources drops off by 6dB for each doubling of distance from the source in the open and away from obstructions outdoors  Inverse Square Law Area of wave quadrupled Intensity is 1/4 Portion of sound wave Sound source (Google Images) (Egan, 2007) Intensity diminishes in proportion to the square of the  distance from the source: 22 = 4 ~ 10 log4 ~ 6dB  Changes in sound level – approximation of human sensitivity to changes in sound level which depends on:  Psychological factors  Time of occurrence  Time of occurrence  Duration of sound Page 29 of 150 This is the property of and for the exclusive use of SLU. Reproduction, storing in a retrieval system, distributing, uploading or posting online, or transmitting in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying or otherwise of any part of this document, without prior written permission of SLU is strictly prohibited. [Ar MCPSORIANO]  AR 3281/D – Building Utilities 3 Module for 2nd Sem 2020-2021 READING & NOTE-TAKING  READINGS  Read the following chapters and be guided with the study questions to help you identify important concepts: 1. Time-Saver Standards for Architectural Design Data, 7th edition, The Reference of Architectural Fundamentals by Donald Watson, Editor-in Chief  Chapter 8, Part 1 – Acoustics: Theory and Definitions, pages 103 – 106 2. MECHANICAL AND ELECTRICAL SYSTEMS, 5th edition, by Joseph B. Wujek and Frank R. Dagostino  Chapter 23, Section 23.1 – Fundamentals of Sound, pages 809 – 815  MAKE YOUR NOTES  Prepare your notes on the readings in this module. To help you organize information and focus only on essential concepts, be guided by the study questions in the succeeding section. Check the note-taking tips in the Annex Folder of your USB for CBL students or in Classwork Learning Resources for OBL students. Notes can be written (and drawn) on A4 size bond papers or electronically using any word processing software.  GUIDE QUESTIONS  Most of these questions were lifted from Wujek & Dagostino (2010) and were selected to help organize your notes to supplement the lessons given in this unit: 1. What is sound? 2. What units are used to identify the intensity of sound? 3. What is the difference between sound and noise? 4. List all the sounds (or noises) you hear in your homes and determine the corresponding dBA level for each. 5. What is sound transmission? 6. If the sound level changes from 42 to 45 dBA, how noticeable would it be to a person in the same room? 7. Over the workday, a worker is exposed to a noise level of 90dBA for 4 hours, 92 dBA for 2.5 hours and 100 dBA for 1.5 hours.  Find the daily exposure.  Does this exposure exceed the OSHA permissible exposure limit (PEL)? Page 30 of 150 This is the property of and for the exclusive use of SLU. Reproduction, storing in a retrieval system, distributing, uploading or posting online, or transmitting in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying or otherwise of any part of this document, without prior written permission of SLU is strictly prohibited. [Ar MCPSORIANO]  AR 3281/D – Building Utilities 3 Module for 2nd Sem 2020-2021 ASSESSMENT/EVALUATION Assignment 1 M1-U1-TLO1 “Acoustical Diary” Due date: on or before January 30, 2021, 11:59pm (100 points)  (Egan, 2000)  This is a self education exercise.  To increase awareness of sound and noise, use the table below to record your observations of the acoustical environments (probably in your own homes) encountered during a 24-hour period. Activities occur may vary from pleasant or result to annoying or distracting.  Copy or recreate the Acoustical Diary Table on the next page in pen & ink.  Download on your “smartphones” a sound level meter app whose measurements are calibrated in dBA, or o Use the Table of Common Sounds in Decibel, page 106 (Watson, 1997)  Schedule a day (only) to perform this exercise.  Place an “X”mark in the table to identify the type of activity; also include a brief description of the activity and location. Identify the source of sound or noise and record: o Level in dBA, pitch or frequency (low, mid-range, high) o Duration in minutes o Estimate sound frequency to be neutral (broadband) or predominantly high (>2000Hz), mid-range or low (0.75 FULL RESTAURANTS REQUIRED COMPUTER EQUIPMENT ROOMS, SCHOOL & >0.75 FULL YES INDUSTRIAL SHOPS, MACHINERY SPACES AUDITORIUM, THEATERS, RADIO TV STUDIOS, MUSIC PRACTICE ROOMS, AUDIOVISUAL These spaces in particular require special study to determine FACILITIES, CHURCHES, COURTROOMS, the appropriate type, amount and location of sound- CHAPELS, MECHANICAL EQUIPMENT ROOMS, absorbing treatment. OPEN PLAN SCHOOLS, LANGUAGE LABORATORIES, FACTORIES OPEN OFFICES >0.80 FULL YES  Room Noise Reduction Formula Example [NB: underlined items are given data, those in highlights are to be solved]. PROBLEM: A small room 10ft by 10 ft by 10ft has all walls and floors finished in exposed concrete. The ceiling is completely covered with sound-absorbing spray-on material. Sound- absorption coefficients α‘s are 0.02 for concrete and 0.70 for spray-on material, both at 500Hz. Page 45 of 150 This is the property of and for the exclusive use of SLU. Reproduction, storing in a retrieval system, distributing, uploading or posting online, or transmitting in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying or otherwise of any part of this document, without prior written permission of SLU is strictly prohibited. [Ar MCPSORIANO]  AR 3281/D – Building Utilities 3 Module for 2nd Sem 2020-2021 Find the noise reduction NR in this room if sound-absorbing panels are added to two adjacent w